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Harrop EN, Mensinger JL, Moore M, Lindhorst T. Restrictive eating disorders in higher weight persons: A systematic review of atypical anorexia nervosa prevalence and consecutive admission literature. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1328-1357. [PMID: 33864277 PMCID: PMC9035356 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, there is debate in the eating disorders field regarding how to define atypical anorexia (AAN), how prevalent it is in community and clinical settings, and how AAN rates compare with low-weight AN. This systematic review assesses AAN literature from 2007 to 2020, to investigate: (a) the demographic characteristics of AAN studies, (b) the prevalence of AAN compared with AN, (c) the range of operational definitions of AAN and the implications of these definitions, and (d) the proportion of patients with AAN and AN represented in consecutive admission and referral samples. METHOD PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Greylit.org, and ProQuest databases were searched according to methods for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic reviews, yielding 3,184 potential articles. Seventy-five eligible studies were coded for sixty-one variables. RESULTS Clinical samples predominantly included younger, female, white samples with limited diversity. In epidemiological designs, AAN was typically as common or more common than AN, and AAN rates varied significantly based on the population studied and operational definitions. In consecutive clinical samples, AAN was frequently less represented. DISCUSSION Although AAN appears to occur more frequently than AN in communities, fewer patients with AAN are being referred and admitted to eating disorder specific care, particularly in the United States. Given the significant medical and psychosocial consequences of AAN, and the importance of early intervention, this represents a crucial treatment gap. Additionally, results suggest the need for fine-tuning diagnostic definitions, greater diversity in AAN studies, and increased screening and referral for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Harrop
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Megan Moore
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Taryn Lindhorst
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Senín-Calderón C, Santos-Morocho JL, Rodríguez-Testal JF. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ). Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:591-600. [PMID: 30734222 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) in a community sample of adolescents. METHODS A total of 4283 people (55.9% girls, aged 12-18) participated. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated four first-order factors related to a second-order factor including the total BIAQ score, with excellent fit and invariance across sex. The total internal consistency of the questionnaire was adequate, although two factors showed low reliability. Strong relationships were found with scales evaluating preoccupation with weight and dysmorphic concerns, and moderate correlations with dissatisfaction and investment in appearance. It was found that 24.06% of adolescents with body image disturbance could be at risk of developing a body image disorder. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the use of the Spanish translation of the BIAQ for assessing behavioural characteristic of body image disturbance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Senín-Calderón
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Ave. República Árabe Saharaui S/N, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José L Santos-Morocho
- Department of Psychology, University of Cuenca, Ave. 12 de abril y Av. Loja. 01.01.168, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Juan F Rodríguez-Testal
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, University of Seville, Camilo José Cela, SN, 41018, Seville, Spain.
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Wilson S, Aardema F, O'Connor K. What do I look like? Perceptual confidence in bulimia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:177-183. [PMID: 30019261 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive confidence, a type of metacognition referring to confidence in one's cognitive abilities (e.g., memory, perception, etc.), has been identified as relevant to eating disorders (EDs) using self-report measures. Repeated checking has been found to elicit decreases in perceptual confidence in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of the present study was to experimentally investigate perceptual confidence, a type of cognitive confidence, in EDs. Specifically, this construct was investigated in the context of body checking, a behaviour with similarities to compulsive checking as observed in OCD. Women with bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 21) and healthy controls (HC; n = 24) participated in the study. There were no group differences with regards to perceptual confidence at baseline F(1, 43) = 0.5, p = 0.48, ηp2 = 0.01, but a significant difference was observed post-checking F(1, 43) = 7.79, p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.15, which was accounted for by significant decreases in perceptual confidence in the BN group F(1, 43) = 13.31, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.24. Similar to compulsive checking in OCD, body checking may paradoxically decrease confidence regarding one's appearance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wilson
- Research Center, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, QC, H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - Frederick Aardema
- Research Center, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kieron O'Connor
- Research Center, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Kirkpatrick R, Booij L, Vance A, Marshall B, Kanellos-Sutton M, Marchand P, Khalid-Khan S. Eating disorders and substance use in adolescents: How substance users differ from nonsubstance users in an outpatient eating disorders treatment clinic. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:175-182. [PMID: 30638270 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between eating disorders (EDs) and substance use (SU) has only been briefly described in literature using mainly adult populations. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of SU among patients of an adolescent ED outpatient treatment program. METHOD A retrospective chart analysis was conducted to determine and subsequently compare medical status, psychosocial factors, treatment course and outcome between patients with and without SU. RESULTS Over 60% of patients with SU status (n = 203) reported regularly consuming substances. 33.4% of substance users received a diagnosis involving purging behaviors compared to 5.9% of nonusers. Females composed 96.4% and 81.7% of users and nonusers, respectively. Users reported significantly more self-harm (57.7% of users vs. 38.6% of nonusers) but did not differ significantly in terms of trauma (abuse or victimization; 48.3% of users vs. 44.9% of nonusers). The percentage of ideal body weight significantly improved throughout treatment and did not differ by SU with a mean increase of 5.29% (SD = 13.6) among nonusers compared to 5.45% (SD = 7.5) of users. While users and nonusers did not differ before and after treatment in ED severity, users were more likely than nonusers to drop-out of treatment (41.5% of users vs. 25.2% of nonusers). DISCUSSION Adolescents with SU benefit from ED outpatient treatment as much as those without SU, however, users are more likely to drop-out. Therefore, treatment should target these adolescents' emotional dysregulation to improve treatment compliance. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kirkpatrick
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Vance
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany Marshall
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Kanellos-Sutton
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Marchand
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarosh Khalid-Khan
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Nikodijevic A, Buck K, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, de Paoli T, Krug I. Body checking and body avoidance in eating disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nikodijevic
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry; Monash University; Dandenong VIC Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Tara de Paoli
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
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Kraus N, Lindenberg J, Zeeck A, Kosfelder J, Vocks S. Immediate Effects of Body Checking Behaviour on Negative and Positive Emotions in Women with Eating Disorders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:399-407. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kraus
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Osnabrück; Germany
| | - Julia Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Freiburg; Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Freiburg; Germany
| | - Joachim Kosfelder
- Department of Social and Cultural Sciences; University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Silja Vocks
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Osnabrück; Germany
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