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Dauber A, Braden A. Facial EMG startle response and self-report reactions after exposure to severely underweight and severely obese body images in individuals with disordered eating: An examination of motivational responses. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 194:112249. [PMID: 37802389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Examining appetitive and aversive responses toward body image stimuli of those with disordered eating may illuminate motivational systems unique to eating pathology. The current study extended previous literature by examining self-report and startle responses to a range of body sizes. In this cross-sectional design, female, adult participants (n = 45) were sorted into disordered eating (DE; n = 22) and healthy control (HC; n = 23) groups based on Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire global scores that were one standard deviation above or below normative values. Participants viewed eight computer-generated female body pictures from each group: severely underweight (BMI < 16.0), average (BMI 18.5-24.99), and severely obese (BMI > 40.0). Startle responses and self-reported valence and anxiety scores were collected to assess implicit and explicit reactions. 2 × 3 ANCOVA/ANOVAs were used to examine startle responses and self-report differences between groups, in response to image types. Results indicated startle responses did not differ between groups. There was a significant main effect for body picture type (p < .001), after controlling for psychotropic medication. Startle responses were higher for severely underweight body images compared to severely obese body images, although non-significant at post-hoc. The DE group reported higher levels of anxiety and sadness when viewing body images compared to the HC group. Average bodies were rated as less anxiety provoking and more positive than severely underweight and obese bodies. Group differences in anxiety and valence scores could be due to more maladaptive cognitions related to fear of weight gain among people with disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Dauber
- Bowling Green State University Psychology Department, 822 E. Merry Street, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, United States of America.
| | - Abby Braden
- Bowling Green State University Psychology Department, 822 E. Merry Street, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, United States of America.
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2
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Bennett BL, Wagner AF, Latner JD. Body Checking and Body Image Avoidance as Partial Mediators of the Relationship between Internalized Weight Bias and Body Dissatisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9785. [PMID: 36011420 PMCID: PMC9408144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Internalized weight bias is associated with body image disturbances and the development of disordered eating. The association between weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction has proven difficult to disrupt. In order to develop more effective interventions, we must identify the behavioral targets which account for this robust association. The present study sought to examine whether body checking and body image avoidance mediate the relationship between weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction. In total, 279 female undergraduates (Mage = 20.13, SD = 4.10) were administered a battery of survey measures. Results demonstrated that body checking partially mediates the relationship between weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction, Z = 7.42, p < 0.001. Body image avoidance was also found to partially mediate the relationship between weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction, Z = 70.03, p < 0.001. These findings suggest that body checking and body image avoidance may both partially account for the association between weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction. These findings extend the existing literature on weight bias internalization by highlighting two behavioral targets for prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding these relationships has important implications for both reducing weight bias internalization and improving body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Bennett
- Rudd Center for Food Policy & Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Allison F. Wagner
- Counseling and Psychological Services, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Janet D. Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, USA
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3
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Akram U, Allen S, Stevenson JC, Lazarus L, Ypsilanti A, Ackroyd M, Chester J, Longden J, Peters C, Irvine KR. Self-disgust as a potential mechanism underlying the association between body image disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:634-640. [PMID: 34715168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether self-disgust added incremental variance to and mediated the multivariate association between measures of body image disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. We hypothesized that self-disgust would be associated with suicidal ideation above the effects of body image disturbance, and that self-disgust would mediate the relationship between body image disturbance and suicidal ideation. A total of N=728 participants completed The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire, The Self-Disgust Scale, and the Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised. Suicidality was significantly related to increased levels of self-disgust and body image disturbance, whereas self-disgust was associated with greater body image disturbance. Linear regression analysis showed that self-disgust was associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours, over and above the effects of body image disturbance. Multiple mediation modelling further showed that self-disgust mediated the relationship between body image disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Our findings highlight the role of self-disgust in the context of body image disturbance and support the notion that body image disturbance is associated with aversive self-conscious emotions. Interventions aiming to reduce the risk of suicidality in people with body image disturbance may address self-disgust and negative self-conscious emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
| | - Sarah Allen
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | | | - Antonia Ypsilanti
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Longden
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Chloe Peters
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
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4
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Akram U, Allen SF, Stevenson JC, Lazuras L, Ackroyd M, Chester J, Longden J, Peters C, Irvine KR. Homogeneity of cognitive and behavioural processes underlying the relationship between insomnia and body image disturbance. Cogn Process 2021; 22:701-709. [PMID: 34170437 PMCID: PMC8545766 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific cognitive behavioural mechanisms related to selective attention, situational avoidance and physical appearance are implicated in the development and maintenance of insomnia and negative reinforcement of body image disturbances. Therefore, we examined whether these processes potentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and body image perception. N = 728 participants completed self-reported measures of sleep-associated monitoring, insomnia symptoms, body image disturbance and coping with body image challenges. Symptoms of insomnia and sleep-associated monitoring behaviour were independently related to increased reports of body image disturbance, cognitive distortions of body image, appearance fixing (i.e. altering appearance by covering, camouflaging or correcting the perceived defect), avoidance (i.e. attempt to escape or avert stressful body image situations) and reduced levels of positive rationale acceptance (i.e. acceptance of the challenging event and positive self-care or rationale self-talk about one's appearance). More crucially, sleep-related monitoring on awakening, cognitive distortion of body image and negative coping strategies related to body image (i.e. appearance fixing, avoidance, rationale acceptance) mediated the relationship between reports of body image disturbance and insomnia symptoms. The current findings expand upon previous research demonstrating consistent relationships between poor sleep and increased dissatisfaction with cutaneous features, by providing novel evidence that body image disturbances are associated with symptoms of insomnia. More crucially, we highlight the role of particular cognitive and behavioural mechanisms pertaining to sleep (i.e. selective attention for physical signs of poor sleep) and body image (i.e. avoidance and rationale acceptance) which may be targeted as part of cognitive behavioural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- Department of Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Sarah F Allen
- School of Social Sciences, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Longden
- Department of Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Chloe Peters
- Department of Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
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5
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Artoni P, Chierici ML, Arnone F, Cigarini C, De Bernardis E, Galeazzi GM, Minneci DG, Scita F, Turrini G, De Bernardis M, Pingani L. Body perception treatment, a possible way to treat body image disturbance in eating disorders: a case-control efficacy study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:499-514. [PMID: 32124409 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body image disturbance (BID) is a common symptom in eating disorders, often observed and described in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Recently, this symptom has also been observed in binge eating disorder (BED). The research underlines that the BID presents three different altered components: affective, cognitive, and perceptual one. Current treatments for BID have mainly focused on the affective and cognitive components. Nowadays, the need emerges for treatments focused also on the perceptual component of the BID. In this paper, we present the results of an efficacy study on the body perception treatment (BPT), a new treatment for BID focused on the perceptual component of the disorder. OBJECTIVE We looked for an additional treatment effect on a protocol for ED inpatients to evaluate the efficacy of BPT. We performed the study through statistical analysis of admission and discharge scores. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in a hospital ward specialized in eating disorders. Two groups were identified: the control group (TAU; N = 91) and the experimental group (TAU + BPT; N = 91). The experimental group performed BTP activities in addition to the treatment at usual. All patients in both groups had an eating disorder diagnosis (AN, BN, BED and EDNOS/OSFED). Sampling occurred on a time basis and not by randomization. Moreover, all patients admitted in the ED hospital ward in the time frame considered (from end-2009 to mid-2017) were included in the study. BPT activities were introduced in mid-2013 and three psychometric instruments upon entry and discharge were used: Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) to measure the general psychopathological state; the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) to estimate the incidence of personality traits strongly correlated to eating disorders; the body uneasiness test (BUT) to measure the body uneasiness. We performed a pre/post analysis for both groups; we studied the additional effect of the treatment through deltas analysis of the three questionnaires (Δ = assessment at discharge - assessment at the entrance). Data were analyzed using the Student T and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS The pre/post analysis showed statistically significant improvement in both conditions (TAU and TAU + BPT) in the general psychopathological state (SCL-90) and in the incidence of personality traits (EDI-3). Improvements in body uneasiness (BUT) were observed only in the experimental group (TAU + BPT). Furthermore, the analysis of the deltas shows more significant improvements in TAU + BPT compared to TAU in all the variables considered. CONCLUSION We found an additional effect of the BPT on TAU. The usual ED protocol added with BPT activities showed significantly better clinical results. We have interpreted these results in light of recent developments in the neuroscientific field of body image. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II: controlled trial without randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Artoni
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy.
| | | | - F Arnone
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy
| | - C Cigarini
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy
| | | | - G M Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - D G Minneci
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy
| | - F Scita
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy
| | - G Turrini
- Maria Luigia Hospital, Monticelli Terme, Italy
| | | | - L Pingani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Health Professions, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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6
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Wilhelm L, Hartmann AS, Cordes M, Waldorf M, Vocks S. How do you feel when you check your body? Emotional states during a body-checking episode in normal-weight females. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:309-319. [PMID: 30288724 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive-behavioral theories posit that body checking decreases negative emotions, but increases levels of arousal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of body checking on the course of emotional states. Therefore, the current study examined how normal-weight females with higher and lower eating, weight, and shape concerns feel during a checking episode of their most-liked and least-liked body parts. METHODS In an online design, levels of negative emotions and arousal were retrospectively assessed before, during, immediately after, and 15 min after an individually remembered body-checking episode. Participants (N = 355) also rated their subjective satisfaction with specific body parts. RESULTS Levels of negative emotions were lower 15 min after the checking episode of most-liked and least-liked body parts than before the episode. However, negative emotions increased during the checking episode of least-liked body parts, but subsided thereafter. The levels of arousal increased during the checking episodes of most-liked and least-liked body parts and decreased afterwards, and females with higher concerns reported greater levels of arousal than females with lower concerns. Furthermore, females with higher concerns reported more body checking than those with lower concerns. CONCLUSIONS The results support the assumptions of the cognitive-behavioral theories, as body checking led to a decrease in negative emotions in the longer term, and levels of arousal increased during the checking episode. The greater levels of arousal in females with higher concerns, and their pronounced body-checking behavior, might enhance their existing concerns and increase the risk of disordered eating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Wilhelm
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstrasse 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Andrea S Hartmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstrasse 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Martin Cordes
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstrasse 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Manuel Waldorf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstrasse 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Silja Vocks
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstrasse 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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7
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Legenbauer T, Radix AK, Naumann E, Blechert J. The Body Image Approach Test (BIAT): A Potential Measure of the Behavioral Components of Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa? Front Psychol 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32082214 PMCID: PMC7005054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A disturbed body image with fluctuating behavioral patterns of body related avoidance (BA) and body checking (BC) characterizes individuals with eating disorders (EDs) such as anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). So far, these behavioral body image components are mostly assessed via self-report instruments thereby neglecting their behavioral and partially automatic characteristics. Therefore, behavioral measures of BA and BC are needed. The present study investigates a behavioral assessment task for BA and BC in a sample of patients with diagnosed EDs and healthy controls. The sample consisted of 40 women diagnosed with either BN (N = 19) or AN (N = 21; ED sample) and 24 non-eating disordered, healthy female controls (HC). Within the Body Image Approach Task (BIAT) participants viewed photos of their own body (self-image) and a matched control body (other-image) by zooming the photos closer toward them (image became more focused) on the screen. The BIAT yields zoom-levels recorded separately for self- relative to other-images. Further measures were attractiveness ratings of these body images as well as questionnaire measures of BA, BC, and general ED symptomatology. Results showed that despite strong body dissatisfaction and clearly negative ratings of self- relative to other-images in both EDs, no group differences were found in approach to self-images on zoom-level as measured with the BIAT. Correlational analysis in each group indicated that zoom-level was positively related to BA scores in the HC group only. Yet, stepwise regression analyses revealed that attractiveness ratings explained most of the variance accounted by BA in predicting zoom-level. In sum, the BIAT seems suitable to assess BA and self-rated body attractiveness, but only in healthy individuals with subclinical levels on these constructs. It does not seem to capture the body image satisfaction or the behavioral components of body image disturbances in AN or BN or it conflates the opposed influences of BA and BC. Further experimentation is needed to adapt measures of behavioral body image components to the processes evoked in patients with ED during confrontation with body images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Anne Kathrin Radix
- LWL University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Eva Naumann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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8
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Marzola E, Panero M, Cavallo F, Delsedime N, Abbate-Daga G. Body shape in inpatients with severe anorexia nervosa. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e2. [PMID: 32093789 PMCID: PMC7315881 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder. Body shape disturbances are key in the development and maintenance of AN. Only few data are available on inpatients with life-threatening AN. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if body shape difficulties-with a focus on both body checking and avoidance-could improve during hospitalization in both subtypes of AN and to ascertain eventual associations between body shape concerns upon admission and clinical outcome. METHODS Upon hospital admission and end of treatment (EOT), 139 inpatients with AN completed Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ), and Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) in addition to measures of eating and general psychopathology. RESULTS Patients with severe AN reported improved BSQ and BIAQ scores at EOT while BCQ did not significantly change. Diagnostic subtypes differed only in baseline BSQ scores and had an impact on the improvement in BSQ at EOT. Baseline BCQ was associated with patients' clinical improvement at EOT, even after controlling for age, duration of illness, Body Mass Index, depression, and anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS Data on body shape concerns and their trajectory during hospitalization for severe AN are lacking; our findings provide support to the effectiveness of hospitalization in improving body shape concerns and body avoidance, but not body checking. Also, baseline body shape concerns (especially body checking) impacted on clinical improvement. Future research is needed to identify treatments that could further improve the therapeutic approach to severe patients of AN in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marzola
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Panero
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cavallo
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Delsedime
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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The role of body image disturbance in the onset, maintenance, and relapse of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 74:101771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Stasik-O'Brien SM, Schmidt J. The role of disgust in body image disturbance: Incremental predictive power of self-disgust. Body Image 2018; 27:128-137. [PMID: 30218943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between disgust and symptoms of disorders characterized by body image disturbance (BID) is increasingly being examined. In cognitive-behavioral models of psychopathology, disgust may function as a negative emotional response to perceived body defects, leading to avoidance and compulsive behavior. Little research has examined the role of self-disgust - a form of disgust that may be particularly relevant to the body. The present study is a descriptive analysis of the association between BID and self-disgust, controlling for other related variables. Two non-clinical samples completed measures of BID, self-disgust, negative affect, anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and disgust sensitivity. Although BID was associated with all three forms of disgust at the bivariate level, in multivariate analyses self-disgust emerged as a unique predictor of BID, above and beyond all included variables, although effect sizes were small. Potential implications for understanding, preventing, and treating body image-related disorders are discussed.
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11
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Nikodijevic A, Buck K, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, de Paoli T, Krug I. Body checking and body avoidance in eating disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nikodijevic
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry; Monash University; Dandenong VIC Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Tara de Paoli
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
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12
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Buscemi S, Marventano S, Castellano S, Nolfo F, Rametta S, Giorgianni G, Matalone M, Marranzano M, Mistretta A. Role of anthropometric factors, self-perception, and diet on weight misperception among young adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:107-115. [PMID: 27502108 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescence overweight and obesity have increased considerably, and the misperception of their weight status could reduce the efficiency of intervention programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of misperception and to assess the relationship between weight perception and anthropometric parameters, self-perception, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. METHODS A total of 1643 young adolescents (11-16 years old) were surveyed in a cross-sectional investigation during two scholastic years (period October-May of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014) in 15 secondary schools of Sicily, southern Italy. Data on demographic information, anthropometric characteristics (bioelectrical impedance), physical activity level, The Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile, weight perception, and dietary habits (KIDMED) were collected. RESULTS Misperception was found in the 27.6 % of the young adolescents, and boys were more likely to underestimate their weight status, while girls had a high percentage of overestimation. The strong association with weight misperception was with socioeconomic status, waist circumference, physical activities, and physical self-worth. Moreover, a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with both overestimation and underestimation in both boys and girls. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that almost one-third of the participants had a weight misperception that was associated with several anthropometric, social, and lifestyle factors. Future intervention to prevent overweight and obesity should consider not only gender-specific differences, but also parental SES, perception, and satisfaction of body weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), P. Giaccone Policlinico, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Nolfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Rametta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giorgianni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Matalone
- Department of School Policies, Municipality of Catania, 95131, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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13
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Wyssen A, Debbeler LJ, Meyer AH, Coelho JS, Humbel N, Schuck K, Lennertz J, Messerli-Bürgy N, Biedert E, Trier SN, Isenschmid B, Milos G, Whinyates K, Schneider S, Munsch S. Cognitive Distortions Associated with Imagination of the Thin Ideal: Validation of the Thought-Shape Fusion Body Questionnaire (TSF-B). Front Psychol 2018; 8:2194. [PMID: 29312059 PMCID: PMC5742168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thought-shape fusion (TSF) describes the experience of body-related cognitive distortions associated with eating disorder (ED) pathology. In the laboratory TSF has been activated by thoughts about fattening/forbidden foods and thin ideals. This study aims at validating a questionnaire to assess the trait susceptibility to TSF (i.e., body-related cognitive distortions) associated with the imagination of thin ideals, and developing an adapted version of the original TSF trait questionnaire, the Thought-Shape Fusion Body Questionnaire (TSF-B). Healthy control women (HC, n = 317) and women diagnosed with subthreshold and clinical EDs (n = 243) completed an online-questionnaire. The factor structure of the TSF-B questionnaire was examined using exploratory (EFA) and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA pointed to a two-factor solution, confirmed by CFA. Subscale 1 was named Imagination of thin ideals, containing five items referring to the imagination of female thin ideals. Subscale 2 was named Striving for own thin ideal, with seven items about pursuing/abandoning attempts to reach one’s own thin ideal. The total scale and both subscales showed good convergent validity, excellent reliability, and good ability to discriminate between individuals with subthreshold/clinical EDs and HCs. Results indicate that cognitive distortions are also related to the imagination of thin ideals, and are associated with ED pathology. With two subscales, the TSF-B trait questionnaire appropriately measures this construct. Future studies should clarify whether TSF-B is predictive for the development and course of EDs. Assessing cognitive distortions with the TSF-B questionnaire could improve understanding of EDs and stimulate the development of cognitively oriented interventions. Clinical Trial Registration Number: DRKS-ID: DRKS00005709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wyssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luka J Debbeler
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer S Coelho
- Provincial Specialized Eating Disorders Program for Children and Adolescents, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadine Humbel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Schuck
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Lennertz
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Esther Biedert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Bettina Isenschmid
- Kompetenzzentrum für Essverhalten, Adipositas und Psyche Spital Zofingen, Zofingen, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Milos
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Legenbauer T, Martin F, Blaschke A, Schwenzfeier A, Blechert J, Schnicker K. Two sides of the same coin? A new instrument to assess body checking and avoidance behaviors in eating disorders. Body Image 2017; 21:39-46. [PMID: 28285178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Body checking (BC) and avoidance behaviors (BA) are the dominant behavioral features of body image disturbances (BID) that characterize most individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Whereas BC can be reliably assessed, a valid assessment tool for BA is lacking, preventing an adequate assessment of BID differences across different EDs (anorexia nervosa, AN; bulimia nervosa, BN; binge eating disorder, BED). A total of 310 women with EDs and 112 nonclinical controls completed measures of BC-, BA- and ED-related symptoms. BA did not differentiate between EDs, whereas BC did: it was highest in AN and BN, and lowest in BED. Multivariate analyses also discriminated AN from BN based on BC. Given that results are of preliminary nature, evidence is promising that EDs can be discriminated from healthy controls and that differential BID profiles for the behavioral component among ED subgroups exist. However, replication of the factor structure remains open within ED subsamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany.
| | - Franziska Martin
- LWL University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany
| | - Ariane Blaschke
- Psychosomatic Hospital St. Franziska-Stift, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Anne Schwenzfeier
- LWL University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Schnicker
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eating Disorder Outpatient Unit, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Rhoten BA. Body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer - a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:1001-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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