The effects of parental and peer factors on psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with obesity

Appraisal of Clinical Care Practices for Child Obesity Treatment. Part II: Comorbidities

The objective of this technical report is to provide clinicians with actionable evidence-based information upon which to make treatment decisions. In addition, this report will provide an evidence base on which to inform clinical practice guidelines for the management and treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. To this end, the goal of this report was to identify all relevant studies to answer 2 overarching key questions: (KQ1) "What are effective clinically based treatments for obesity?" and (KQ2) "What is the risk of comorbidities among children with obesity?" See Appendix 1 for the conceptual framework and a priori Key Questions.

The prevalence of peer bullying and psychiatric symptoms among high school students in southeast Turkey

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of bullying among high school students, its associated factors, and the effects of engaging in bullying behaviors on mental health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in the province with the highest population of children in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. The data of the study were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire prepared by the researchers, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42).

RESULTS

Of the 880 students who participated in the study, 34.2% reported being a victim of bullying and 13.9% reported bullied someone. Regression analysis revealed that overweight/obesity was a risk factor for both victims and bullies. On the other hand, male gender and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with bullying. Scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher in both the victim and the bullying groups compared to students who did not fall into this cycle.

CONCLUSIONS

The present findings suggest that bullying in school creates problems not only for the bullying victims but also for the bullies. Health professionals assessing youth should be aware of the characteristics of young people who may be involved in bullying.

The Interactive Role of Family Functioning among BMI Status, Physical Activity, and High-Fat Food in Adolescents: Evidence from Shanghai, China

Objectives: Family functioning (FF), physical activity (PA), and high-fat food consumption (HF) are associated with adolescents being overweight and obese; however, little is known about their interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how they work jointly on adolescent obesity with BMI as the outcome variable. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a cluster sampling design was conducted. Multinomial logistic regressions, multiplication interaction (MI), and marginal effects (MEs) were tested. Results: Active PA (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.260, 95% CI [1.318, 3.874]; overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.096, 95% CI [1.167, 3.766]), healthy HF (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.048, 95% CI [1.105, 3.796]) and healthy FF (overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.084, 95% CI [1.099, 3.952]) reduced obesity risk. Overweight students with healthy FF were less likely to become obese regardless of PA (inactive: OR = 2.181, 95% CI [1.114, 4.272]; active: OR = 3.870, 95% CI [1.719, 8.713]) or HF (unhealthy: OR = 4.615, 95% CI [1.049, 20.306]; healthy: OR = 5.116, 95% CI [1.352, 19.362]). The MEs of inactive PA and unhealthy FF were −0.071, 0.035, and 0.036 for non-overweight, overweight, and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05); the MEs of HF and healthy FF individuals were −0.267 and 0.198 for non-overweight and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Unhealthy FF regulated the influence of inactive PA or unhealthy HF on adolescent obesity, altogether leading to a higher risk of obesity.