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Laxmi, Golmei P, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based biomarker in primary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176584. [PMID: 38621507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Primary hypertension is a multiplex and multifactorial disease influenced by various strong components including genetics. Extensive research such as Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have revealed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to hypertension, providing insights into the genetic basis of the condition. This review summarizes the current status of SNP research in primary hypertension, including examples of hypertension-related SNPs, their location, function, and frequency in different populations. The potential clinical implications of SNP research for primary hypertension management are also discussed, including disease risk prediction, personalized medicine, mechanistic understanding, and lifestyle modifications. Furthermore, this review highlights emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to revolutionize the vast understanding of the basis of genetics in primary hypertension. Gene editing holds the potential to target and correct any kind of genetic mutations that contribute to the development of hypertension or modify genes involved in blood pressure regulation to prevent or treat the condition. Advances in computational biology and machine learning enable researchers to analyze large datasets and identify complex genetic interactions contributing to hypertension risk. In conclusion, SNP research in primary hypertension is rapidly evolving with emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to transform the knowledge about genetic basis related to the condition. These advances hold promise for personalized prevention and treatment strategies tailored to an individual's genetic profile ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Pougang Golmei
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Zhang Y, Li S, Nie H, Wang X, Li X, Wen J, Li M, Song Y. The rs17782313 polymorphism near MC4R gene confers a high risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, while PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210455. [PMID: 37621650 PMCID: PMC10445758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships of the rs17782313 polymorphism near melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) and the rs8192678 polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha gene (PGC1α) with metabolic abnormalities have been explored in many populations around the world, but the findings were not all consistent and sometimes even a bit contradictory. Methods Electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Google Scholar were checked for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were carefully extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated by using a random-effects model to examine the differences in the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia between the genotypes of the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. Cochran's Q-statistic test and Begg's test were employed to identify heterogeneity among studies and publication bias, respectively. Results Fifty studies (58,716 subjects) and 51 studies (18,660 subjects) were respectively included in the pooled meta-analyses for the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. The C-allele carriers of the rs17782313 polymorphism had a higher average level of body mass index (SMD = 0.21 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.12 to 0.29 kg/m2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.14 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.23 cm, p < 0.001) and blood glucose (SMD = 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16 mg/dL, p = 0.01) than the TT homozygotes. Regarding the rs8192678 polymorphism, no significant associations with the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia were detected. However, significant correlations between the rs8192678 polymorphism and multiple glucometabolic indexes were observed in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, ethnicity and health status. Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrates that the C allele of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism confers a higher risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, and the PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder. These findings may partly explain the relationships between these variants and diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022373543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Nie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhui Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ribeiro FM, Silva MA, Lyssa V, Marques G, Lima HK, Franco OL, Petriz B. The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927170. [PMID: 35966101 PMCID: PMC9365995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This axis is characterized by multiple biological systems generating a network that allows bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and brain. This mutual communication maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and microbial systems of animals. Moreover, this axis involves inflammatory, neural, and endocrine mechanisms, contributes to obesity pathogenesis. The axis also acts in appetite and satiety control and synthesizing hormones that participate in gastrointestinal functions. Exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent commonly used to prevent and treat obesity and other chronic degenerative diseases. Besides increasing energy expenditure, exercise induces the synthesis and liberation of several muscle-derived myokines and neuroendocrine peptides such as neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin, which act directly on the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, exercise may serve as a rebalancing agent of the gut-microbiota-brain axis under the stimulus of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by obesity. So far, there is little evidence of modification of the gut-brain axis as a whole, and this narrative review aims to address the molecular pathways through which exercise may act in the context of disorders of the gut-brain axis due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maycon A. Silva
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victória Lyssa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henny K. Lima
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Variations of 18q21.23 rs17782313 locus and regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axis hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:743. [PMID: 32124410 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Khodarahmi M, Farhangi MA, Mohammadi M. Gene- diet interaction of 18q21.23 rs17782313 locus and dietary patterns in regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axis hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1497. [PMID: 32189224 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran.
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Li B, Ma S, Guo S, Li N, Liu D, Wang H, Zhai N, Zhang Y. Altered features of neurotransmitters: NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520919580. [PMID: 32436432 PMCID: PMC7243407 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520919580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the features of neuropeptide Y (NPY), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 384) and healthy volunteers (n = 80) were enrolled into this study. Serum NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP levels were detected using ELISA. RESULTS Significantly higher NPY and lower α-MSH and AgRP levels were observed in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, and the mean NPY levels increased, while α-MSH and AgRP levels decreased, with the development of hypertension compared with diabetic patients without hypertension. α-MSH and AgRP levels decreased with an increase in blood pressure in hypertension compared with the non-hypertension patients. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP levels were closely associated with blood pressure and glucose control. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that α-MSH may be a better marker compared with NPY and AgRP for regulating glucose and blood pressure and to distinguish between T2DM patients with and without hypertension. CONCLUSION NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP might play different roles and be closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Na Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yunliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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