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Myrstad M, Johansen KR, Sørensen E, Ranhoff AH. Rationale and design of the Birkebeiner Ageing Study - a prospective cohort study of older endurance athletes. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:365. [PMID: 37308811 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While regular physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and morbidity in general populations, health outcomes and functional capacity related to upholding strenuous endurance exercise beyond the age of 65 years are only sparsely studied. The aim of this study is to assess associations of prolonged strenuous endurance sport practice with ageing, functional decline, morbidity and longevity among older recreational endurance athletes, during long-term follow-up. METHODS Prospective cohort study of older recreational endurance athletes in Norway. All skiers aged 65 years and older who participated in a long-distance endurance competition, the annual 54-km Birkebeiner cross-country ski race in 2009 or 2010, were invited. The participants answered an extensive baseline questionnaire about lifestyle habits, including leisure-time physical activity and endurance sport participation, diseases, medication use and physical and mental health, with follow-up questionnaires planned every fifth year until 2029. New participants may be invited with the aim to increase the study size. Endpoints such as all-cause and disease-specific mortality, incidence and cumulative prevalence of diseases, use of medication, physical and mental health and functional decline will be assessed subsequently. Out of 658 invited skiers (51 women), 551(84%) completed the baseline questionnaire and were included in the study. The mean age was 68.8 years (median 68, range 65- 90). At baseline, the participants had completed the Birkebeiner race for an average of 16.6 years and reported an average of 33.4 years of regular endurance exercise, with one out of five reporting at least 50 years of exercise. In all, 479 (90%) reported that they were still practicing leisure-time physical activity of moderate or vigorous intensity at least twice weekly. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases was low. DISCUSSION This prospective study of a cohort of recreational athletes exposed to prolonged and strenuous endurance exercise, could complement population-based studies by providing data on associations between life-long endurance sport participation, aging, functional decline and health outcomes during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Myrstad
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346, Gjettum, Norway.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346, Gjettum, Norway.
| | - Kristoffer Robin Johansen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eivind Sørensen
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0370, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hylen Ranhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0370, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rodrigues GD, Gurgel JL, Gonçalves TR, Soares PPDAS. The Physical Capacity of Rowing Athletes Cannot Reverse the Influence of Age on Heart Rate Variability during Orthostatic Stress. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201677. [PMID: 34730742 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the high physical capacity of rowing athletes may not reverse the influence of age on cardiac autonomic control decline estimated by heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-four male subjects divided in four groups: 11 young athletes (YA; 18 ±1 year), 11 young non-athletes (YNA; 20 ±1 year), 11 middle age athletes (MAA; 43 ±6 years) and 11 middle age non-athletes (MNA; 44 ±8 years) participated in the study. Heart rate (HR) was recorded beat-by-beat for 10 minutes in supine (SUP) and 10 min in orthostatic (ORT) positions. HRV was analyzed in the frequency domain to obtain the spectral power in the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands, and the changes to ORT (%∆HRV) were calculated (ORT - SUP / SUP). During SUP, HF was lower in MNA and MA compared to YA and YNA, while LF was lower in MNA than YA. For %ΔHRV, %ΔHF was higher in YA than YNA, MA and MNA. The %ΔLF was not different among groups. In conclusion, aging seems to overcome the influence of physical fitness on neural regulation of the heart, as highlighted by the HRV response to active standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departmento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Rua Professor Hernani Pires de Melo, 101, São Domingos, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas L Gurgel
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Educação Física e Esportes, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, s/n, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departmento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Rua Professor Hernani Pires de Melo, 101, São Domingos, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo DA S Soares
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departmento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Rua Professor Hernani Pires de Melo, 101, São Domingos, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Koschate J, Drescher U, Werner A, Thieschäfer L, Hoffmann U. Cardiovascular regulation: associations between exercise and head-up tilt. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:738-745. [PMID: 30917299 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that faster cardiorespiratory kinetics during exercise are associated with higher orthostatic tolerance. Cardiorespiratory kinetics of 14 healthy male subjects (30 ± 4 years, 179 ± 8 cm, 79 ± 8 kg) were tested on a cycle ergometer during exercise with changing work rates of 30 and 80 W. Pulmonary oxygen uptake ( ) was measured breath-by-breath and heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured beat-to-beat. Muscular oxygen uptake ( ) was estimated from HR and . Kinetic parameters were determined by time-series analysis, using cross-correlation functions (CCFmax(x)) between the parameter and the work rate. Cardiovascular regulations of MAP, HR, and TPR during orthostatic stress were measured beat-to-beat on a tilt seat. Changes between the minima and maxima during the 6° head-down tilt and the 90° head-up tilt positions were calculated for each parameter (Δtilt-up). correlated significantly with ΔTPRtilt-up (r = 0.790, p ≤ 0.001). CCFmax(HR) was significantly correlated with ΔHRtilt-up (r = -0.705, p = 0.002) and the amplitude in HR from 30 to 80 W (rSP = -0.574, p = 0.016). The observed correlations between cardiorespiratory regulation in response to exercise and orthostatic stress during rest might allow for a more differential analysis of the underlying mechanisms of orthostatic intolerance in, for example, patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koschate
- a Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - U Drescher
- a Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - A Werner
- b German Air Force - Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Branch I 1, Aviation Physiology Diagnostics and Research, Steinborner Str. 43, 01936 Königsbrück, Germany.,c Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, CharitéCrossOver, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Thieschäfer
- a Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - U Hoffmann
- a Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Deus LA, Sousa CV, Rosa TS, Filho JMS, Santos PA, Barbosa LD, Silva Aguiar S, Souza LHR, Simões HG. Heart rate variability in middle-aged sprint and endurance athletes. Physiol Behav 2018; 205:39-43. [PMID: 30389479 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with decreased autonomic balance which could be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Exercise training improves autonomic balance, but there is a lack in the literature regarding the heart rate variability (HRV) of master sprinters and endurance athletes. PURPOSE The effects of lifelong endurance and sprint training on cardiac autonomic balance were assessed in master athletes and compared with age-matched controls and young untrained controls. METHODS Participants (n = 81) were 8 master sprinters (MS; 51.8 ± 11.1 yrs), 8 master endurance athletes (EN, n = 8, 53.6 ± 8.6 yrs), 17 age-matched untrained (CON, 47.47 ± 6.00 yrs) and 48 young controls (YC, 25.40 ± 3.87 yrs). For the acquisition of RR intervals (iRR) (Polar RS800X Heart Rate Monitor®) the participants remained seated for 15-min with the final 10-min being considered for analysis. HRV was measured using Kubios software. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was applied. RESULTS All studied parameters did not differ between MS and EN {Time Domain [HR (bpm) 59.00 ± 6.13 vs. 58.94 ± 12.75], [R-R (ms) 1030.45 ± 107.45 vs. 1068.77 ± 206.17], [SDNN (ms) 57.35 ± 20.07 vs. 80.66 ± 71.07], [RMSSD (ms) 40.88 ± 20.07 vs. 38.93 ± 20.44]; Non-linear domain [SD1 (ms) 28.93 ± 14.20 vs. 27.56 ± 14.46]}, whose demonstrated a reduced HR and elevated mean R-R intervals in comparison to both YC {[HR (bpm) 69.64 ± 9.81]; [R-R (ms) 883.93 ± 124.11]} and age-matched controls {[HR (bpm) 70.06 ± 6.63]; [R-R (ms) 865.11 ± 78.39]}. It was observed a lower HRV for middle-aged CON {[RMSSD (ms) 20.23 ± 5.87], [SDNN (ms) 37.79 ± 10.15] and [SD1 (ms) 14.31 ± 4.15]} compared to YC {[RMSSD (ms) 43.33 ± 26.41], [SDNN (ms) 67.07 ± 28.77] and [SD1 (ms) 30.66 ± 18.69; p < .05]}. These last age-related differences were not observed for MS and EN. CONCLUSION For master athletes, regardless of whether they are trained in endurance or sprinters, both training modes revealed to be equally beneficial in attenuating the effects of aging on the autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Duarte Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil; Physical Education Department, Bahia State University, Bahia, Brazil
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