1
|
Bai X, Soh KG, Omar Dev RD, Talib O, Xiao W, Cai H. Effect of Brisk Walking on Health-Related Physical Fitness Balance and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 9:829367. [PMID: 35174137 PMCID: PMC8841590 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.829367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the elderly frequently engages in brisk walking as a form of exercise, little has been reported in the literature about the effect of brisk walking on health-related physical fitness, balance, and overall life satisfaction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of brisk walking on the elderly's health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction. DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive search from the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases from January to September 2021. We selected studies through PICOS and conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Thirteen studies met all criteria; 11 were classed as low risk of bias, while two were classified as high risk of bias. Generally, brisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Limited evidence was presented on flexibility, muscular endurance and development and life satisfaction, and there was conflicting evidence on balance. Moreover, evidence of restriction proves that high-intensity (80-85%) brisk walking is more effective than moderate-intensity (60-75%) brisk walking on the aerobic capacity of the elderly. Furthermore, there was less research conducted on males. CONCLUSION Brisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Other outcomes (balance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and life satisfaction) and the impact of the intensity of brisk walking on the elderly should be confirmed. Therefore, there remains insufficient research on brisk walking, while single brisk walking cannot meet requirements of elderly in terms of their health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction. Future research should aim to examine the effectiveness of combining several types of exercises to promote general health in the elderly, as the World Health Organization recommends. Unintelligible FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principles of brisk walking training should be trenched for the results of scientific and effective physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Haogang Cai
- School of Physical Education, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Claret CR, Herget GW, Kouba L, Wiest D, Adler J, von Tscharner V, Stieglitz T, Pasluosta C. Neuromuscular adaptations and sensorimotor integration following a unilateral transfemoral amputation. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:115. [PMID: 31521190 PMCID: PMC6744715 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an amputation, the human postural control system develops neuromuscular adaptations to regain an effective postural control. We investigated the compensatory mechanisms behind these adaptations and how sensorimotor integration is affected after a lower-limb transfemoral amputation. METHODS Center of pressure (CoP) data of 12 unilateral transfemoral amputees and 12 age-matched able-bodied subjects were recorded during quiet standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). CoP adjustments under each leg were recorded to study their contribution to posture control. The spatial structure of the CoP displacements was characterized by measuring the mean distance, the mean velocity of the CoP adjustments, and the sway area. The Entropic Half-Life (EnHL) quantifies the temporal structure of the CoP adjustments and was used to infer disrupted sensory feedback loops in amputees. We expanded the analysis with measures of weight-bearing imbalance and asymmetry, and with two standardized balance assessments, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG). RESULTS There was no difference in the EnHL values of amputees and controls when combining the contributions of both limbs (p = 0.754). However, amputees presented significant differences between the EnHL values of the intact and prosthetic limb (p < 0.001). Suppressing vision reduced the EnHL values of the intact (p = 0.001) and both legs (p = 0.028), but not in controls. Vision feedback in amputees also had a significant effect (increase) on the mean CoP distance (p < 0.001), CoP velocity (p < 0.001) and sway area (p = 0.007). Amputees presented an asymmetrical stance. The EnHL values of the intact limb in amputees were positively correlated to the BBS scores (EO: ρ = 0.43, EC: ρ = 0.44) and negatively correlated to the TUG times (EO: ρ = - 0.59, EC: ρ = - 0.69). CONCLUSION These results suggest that besides the asymmetry in load distribution, there exist neuromuscular adaptations after an amputation, possibly related to the loss of sensory feedback and an altered sensorimotor integration. The EnHL values suggest that the somatosensory system predominates in the control of the intact leg. Further, suppressing the visual system caused instability in amputees, but had a minimal impact on the CoP dynamics of controls. These findings points toward the importance of providing somatosensory feedback in lower-limb prosthesis to reestablish a normal postural control. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00015254 , registered on September 20th, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramos Claret
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg W Herget
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Kouba
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Cristian Pasluosta
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van den Hoorn W, Kerr GK, van Dieën JH, Hodges PW. Center of Pressure Motion After Calf Vibration Is More Random in Fallers Than Non-fallers: Prospective Study of Older Individuals. Front Physiol 2018; 9:273. [PMID: 29632494 PMCID: PMC5879095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in balance control and elderly take longer to adapt to changing sensory conditions, which may increase falls risk. Low amplitude calf muscle vibration stimulates local sensory afferents/receptors and affects sense of upright when applied in stance. It has been used to assess the extent the nervous system relies on calf muscle somatosensory information and to rapidly change/perturb part of the somatosensory information causing balance unsteadiness by addition and removal of the vibratory stimulus. This study assessed the effect of addition and removal of calf vibration on balance control (in the absence of vision) in elderly individuals (>65 years, n = 99) who did (n = 41) or did not prospectively report falls (n = 58), and in a group of young individuals (18-25 years, n = 23). Participants stood barefoot and blindfolded on a force plate for 135 s. Vibrators (60 Hz, 1 mm) attached bilaterally over the triceps surae muscles were activated twice for 15 s; after 15 and 75 s (45 s for recovery). Balance measures were applied in a windowed (15 s epoch) manner to compare center-of-pressure (CoP) motion before, during and after removal of calf vibration between groups. In each epoch, CoP motion was quantified using linear measures, and non-linear measures to assess temporal structure of CoP motion [using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and detrended fluctuation analysis]. Mean CoP displacement during and after vibration did not differ between groups, which suggests that calf proprioception and/or weighting assigned by the nervous system to calf proprioception was similar for the young and both groups of older individuals. Overall, compared to the elderly, CoP motion of young was more predictable and persistent. Balance measures were not different between fallers and non-fallers before and during vibration. However, non-linear aspects of CoP motion of fallers and non-fallers differed after removal of vibration, when dynamic re-weighting is required. During this period fallers exhibited more random CoP motion, which could result from a reduced ability to control balance and/or a reduced ability to dynamically reweight proprioceptive information. These results show that non-linear measures of balance provide evidence for deficits in balance control in people who go on to fall in the following 12 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolbert van den Hoorn
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham K. Kerr
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomechanical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jaap H. van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul W. Hodges
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pasluosta CF, Steib S, Klamroth S, Gaßner H, Goßler J, Hannink J, von Tscharner V, Pfeifer K, Winkler J, Klucken J, Eskofier BM. Acute Neuromuscular Adaptations in the Postural Control of Patients with Parkinson's Disease after Perturbed Walking. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:316. [PMID: 29021758 PMCID: PMC5623711 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) present motor impairments reflected in the dynamics of the center of pressure (CoP) adjustments during quiet standing. One method to study the dynamics of CoP adjustments is the entropic half-life (EnHL), which measures the short-term correlations of a time series at different time scales. Changes in the EnHL of CoP time series suggest neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. In this study, we sought to investigate the immediate changes in the EnHL of CoP adjustments of patients with PD during one session of perturbed (experimental group) and unperturbed treadmill walking (control group). A total of 39 patients with PD participated in this study. The experimental group (n = 19) walked on a treadmill providing small tilting of the treadmill platform. The control group (n = 20) walked without perturbations. Each participant performed 5-min practice followed by three 5-min training blocks of walking with or without perturbation (with 3-min resting in between). Quiet standing CoP data was collected for 30 s at pre-training, after each training block, immediately post-training, and after 10 min retention. The EnHL was computed on the original and surrogates (phase-randomized) CoP signals in the medio-lateral (ML) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions. Data was analyzed using four-way mixed ANOVA. Increased EnHL values were observed for both groups (Time effect, p < 0.001) as the intervention progressed, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. The EnHL of surrogate signals were significantly lower than for original signals (p < 0.001), confirming that these adaptations come from non-random control processes. There was no Group effect (p = 0.622), however by analyzing the significant Group by Direction by Time interaction (p < 0.05), a more pronounced effect in the ML direction of the perturbed group was observed. Altogether, our findings show that treadmill walking decreases the complexity of CoP adjustments, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in balance control during a short training period. Further investigations are required to assess these adaptations during longer training intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian F Pasluosta
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Steib
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Klamroth
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gaßner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Goßler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Hannink
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern M Eskofier
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blain H, Jaussent A, Picot MC, Maimoun L, Coste O, Masud T, Bousquet J, Bernard PL. Effect of a 6-Month Brisk Walking Program on Walking Endurance in Sedentary and Physically Deconditioned Women Aged 60 or Older: A Randomized Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1183-1189. [PMID: 29188878 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking endurance is a predictor of healthy ageing. OBJECTIVE To examine if a 6-month brisk walking program can increase walking endurance in sedentary and physically deconditioned older women. TRIAL DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Women recruited from public meetings aimed at promoting physical activity in women aged 60 or older. SUBJECTS 121 women aged 65.7 ± 4.3 years, with sedentary lifestyle (Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly score < 9.4), and a 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) below normal value based on their gender, age, and body weight, and weight. METHODS Women were randomly assigned to a 150 min/week brisk walking program (two supervised sessions and one session on their own per week) for six months (exercisers) (n=61) or a control group with physical activity allowed freely (n=60). OUTCOME The primary outcome was relative change in 6MWD. RESULTS 54/61 exercisers and 55/60 control subjects completed the program and data analysis was possible for 51 exercisers and 47 controls. At baseline, 6MWD was on average 23.1% and 22.5% below age-matched norms in exercisers and controls, respectively. Attendance rate for supervised sessions was 92% in exercisers. The 6MWD increased more significantly in exercisers than in controls (mean increase of 41.5% vs 11.0 %; p<0.0001). Over the 6-month program, 38 exercisers (74.5%) vs 5 controls (10.6%) had a 6MWD over the age-matched norm (p<0.0001). Exercisers with the highest tertile of 6MWD improvement (>46%) were those with baseline lowest values of 6MWD (p=0.001) and highest values of body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Present results support recommendation that brisk walking programs should be encouraged to improve walking endurance in physically deconditioned women aged 60 or older, especially in those with high BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Blain
- H. Blain, Centre de Prévention et de Traitement des Maladies du Vieillissement Antonin Balmès, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blain H, Bernard PL, Canovas G, Raffort N, Desfour H, Soriteau L, Noguès M, Camuzat T, Mercier J, Dupeyron A, Quéré I, Laffont I, Hérisson C, Solimene H, Bousquet J. Combining balneotherapy and health promotion to promote active and healthy ageing: the Balaruc-MACVIA-LR ® approach. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1061-1065. [PMID: 27380506 PMCID: PMC5099369 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Scaling up and replication of successful innovative integrated care models for chronic diseases is one of the targets of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). MACVIA-LR® (MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon) is a Reference Site of the EIP on AHA. The main objective of MACVIA-LR® is to develop innovative solutions in order to (1) improve the care of patients affected by chronic diseases, (2) reduce avoidable hospitalization and (3) scale up the innovation to regions of Europe. The MACVIA-LR® project also aims to assess all possible aspects of medicine—including non-pharmacologic approaches—in order to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases. These approaches include hydrotherapy and balneotherapy which can be of great importance if health promotion strategies are considered. Balneotherapy at Balaruc-les-Bains focusses on musculoskeletal diseases and chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. Each year, over 46,000 people attend an 18-day course related to a new falls prevention initiative combining balneotherapy and education. On arrival, each person receives a flyer providing information on the risk of fall and, depending on this risk, a course is proposed combining education and physical activity. A pilot study assesses the impact of the course 6 and 12 months later. This health promotion strategy for active and healthy ageing follows the FEMTEC (World Federation of Hydrotherapy and Climatotherapy) concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Blain
- Department of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- EUROMOV. EA 2991, Euromov, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P L Bernard
- EUROMOV. EA 2991, Euromov, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - N Raffort
- Société Publique Locale d'Exploitation de Balaruc-les-Bains, Balaruc-Les-Bains, France
| | - H Desfour
- Société Publique Locale d'Exploitation de Balaruc-les-Bains, Balaruc-Les-Bains, France
| | - L Soriteau
- Société Publique Locale d'Exploitation de Balaruc-les-Bains, Balaruc-Les-Bains, France
| | - M Noguès
- Caisse Assurance Retraite et Santé Au Travail Languedoc-Roussillon (CARSAT-LR), Montpellier, France
| | - T Camuzat
- , Montpellier, Région Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - J Mercier
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Dupeyron
- EUROMOV. EA 2991, Euromov, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - I Quéré
- Internal Medicine Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - I Laffont
- EUROMOV. EA 2991, Euromov, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Hérisson
- Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - H Solimene
- School Of Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- WHO Collaborating Center For Traditional an Complementary Medicine, Milan, Italy
- FEMTEC (World Federation of Hydrotherapy and Climatotherapy), Milan, Italy
| | - J Bousquet
- University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- MACVIA-LR, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France.
- INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168, Paris, France.
- UVSQ, UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
- CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|