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Kim H, Lee KY, Choo EH, Hwang BH, Kim JJ, Kim CJ, Chang K, Hong YJ, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Choi Y. Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter, Prospective Registry Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034870. [PMID: 39248255 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic implication of mildly reduced ejection fraction (mrEF) after acute myocardial infarction has not been clearly demonstrated. We investigated the long-term risk of cardiovascular death and its predictors in patients with mrEF following acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 18 668 patients who presented with acute myocardial infarction were included in 2 prospective, multicenter registries. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) strata at index admission were evaluated. A score system consisting of clinical variables were developed to predict long-term cardiovascular death in the mrEF group. There were 2548 patients with reduced EF (EF ≤40%), 4266 patients with mrEF (EF 41%-49%), and 11 854 patients with preserved EF (EF ≥50%). During a median follow-up period of 37.9 months, the cardiovascular death rate was 22.3% in the reduced EF group, 10.3% in the mrEF group, and 7.3% in the preserved EF group (P<0.001). In the mrEF group, age>65 years, hypertension, stroke, severe renal insufficiency, and Killip class ≥3 were independent predictors for cardiovascular death. Presence of >2 predictors best discriminated the high-risk patients for cardiovascular death with an area under the curve of 0.746. Incidence of cardiovascular death in the high-risk mrEF group was comparable with the rEF group, while it was lower in the low-risk mrEF group than in the pEF group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mrEF after acute myocardial infarction had a modest risk of cardiovascular death. Clinical predictors could help discriminate a high-risk subpopulation with cardiovascular death risks comparable with those in the reduced EF group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hee Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Uijeongbu Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
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Caunite L, Myagmardorj R, Galloo X, Laenens D, Stassen J, Nabeta T, Yedidya I, Meucci MC, Kuneman JH, van den Hoogen IJ, van Rosendael SE, Wu HW, van den Brand VM, Giuca A, Trusinskis K, van der Bijl P, Bax JJ, Ajmone Marsan N. Prognostic Value of Follow-up Measures of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024; 37:666-673. [PMID: 38513963 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), follow-up imaging is currently recommended only in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) was shown to improve risk stratification over LVEF in these patients but has not been thoroughly studied during follow-up. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in LVGLS after STEMI and their potential prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were analyzed from an ongoing STEMI registry. Echocardiography was performed during the index hospitalization and 1 year after STEMI; LVGLS was expressed as an absolute value and the relative LVGLS change (ΔGLS) was calculated. The study end point was all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 1,409 STEMI patients (age 60 ± 11 years; 75% men) who survived at least 1 year after STEMI and underwent echocardiography at follow-up were included. At 1-year follow-up, LVEF improved from 50% ± 8% to 53% ± 8% (P < .001) and LVGLS from 14% ± 4% to 16% ± 3% (P < .001). Median ΔGLS was 14% (interquartile range, 0.5%-32%) relative improvement. Starting 1 year after STEMI, a total of 87 patients died after a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range, 38-103) months. The optimal ΔGLS threshold associated with the end point (derived by spline curve analysis) was a relative decrease >7%. Cumulative 10-year survival was 91% in patients with ΔGLS improvement or a nonsignificant decrease, versus 85% in patients with ΔGLS decrease of >7% (P = .001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, ΔGLS decrease >7% remained independently associated with the end point (hazard ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5-4.1]; P < .001) after adjustment for clinical and echocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS A significant decrease in LVGLS 1 year after STEMI was independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality and might help further risk stratification and management of these patients during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Caunite
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Latvian Cardiology Center, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Xavier Galloo
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Dorien Laenens
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stassen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Takeru Nabeta
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Idit Yedidya
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Maria C Meucci
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jurrien H Kuneman
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hoi Wai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adrian Giuca
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, "Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu" Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Research Methodology, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Karlis Trusinskis
- Latvian Cardiology Center, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pieter van der Bijl
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Heart Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yang Y, Dong YZ, Hou AX, Liu DP, He JW, Chen JY, Jiang XH. Establishment and validation of a prediction model for nonrecovery of left ventricular ejection fraction in acute myocardial infarction patients combined with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24212. [PMID: 38402553 PMCID: PMC10823450 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for nonrecovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during follow-up in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined with reduced LVEF, and establish and verify a risk prediction model based on these factors. METHODS In this study, patients with AMI who underwent PCI in a high-volume PCI center between December 2018 and December 2021 were consecutively enrolled, screened, and randomly assigned to the model establishment and validation cohorts. A predictive model method based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used for establishment and validation. RESULTS Cardiac troponin I, myoglobin, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, multivessel disease, and no-reflow were identified as potential predictors of LVEF recovery failure. The areas under the curve were 0.703 and 0.665 in the model establishment and validation cohorts, respectively, proving that the prediction model had some predictive ability. The calibration curves of the two cohorts showed good agreement with those of the nomogram model. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the model had a net clinical benefit. CONCLUSION This prediction model can assess the risk of nonrecovery of LVEF in patients with AMI undergoing PCI combined with LVEF reduction during follow-up, and conveniently screen high-risk patients with nonrecoverable LVEF early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - You Zheng Dong
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - An Xue Hou
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - De Ping Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jin Wu He
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jun Ye Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Xing Hua Jiang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
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Van Tassell B, Talasaz AH, Redlich G, Ziegelaar B, Abbate A. A Real-World Analysis of New-Onset Heart Failure After Anterior Wall ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States. Am J Cardiol 2024; 211:245-250. [PMID: 37981000 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The 1-year incidence of heart failure (HF) after anterior wall ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains difficult to determine because of inconsistencies in reporting, definitions, and adjudication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 1-year incidence of HF after anterior wall STEMI in a real-world data set using a variety of potential criteria and composite definitions. In a retrospective cohort study, anonymized patient data was accessed through a federated health research network (TriNetX Limited Liability Company (LLC)) of 56 US healthcare organizations (US Collaborative Network). Patients were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria for anterior wall STEMI during the 10-year period from 2013 to 2022 and the absence of prespecified signs or symptoms of HF. Values for 1-year incidence were calculated as 1 minus Kaplan-Meier survival at 12 months after anterior wall STEMI. Univariate Cox proportional hazard ratio was calculated to compare risk associated with potential risk factors. The analysis utilized 5 different types of definition criteria for HF: Diagnosis codes, Signs and symptoms, Laboratory/imaging, Medications, and Composites. A total of 34,395 patients from the US Collaborative Network met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The 1-year incidence of HF varied from 2% to 30% depending upon the definition criteria. Although no single criteria exceeded a 1-year incidence of 20%, a simple composite of HF diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision-I50) or use of loop diuretic produced a 1-year incidence 26.1% that was used as the benchmark outcome for evaluation of risk factors. Age ≥65 years, Black race, low-density lipoprotein ≥100 mg/100 ml, elevated hemoglobin A1c (7% to 9% and >9%), and body mass index≥35 kg/m2 were also associated with increased risk of HF. In conclusion, patients with anterior wall STEMI continue to be at high risk for new-onset HF. In the absence of structured, prospective, systematically adjudicated diagnostic criteria, composite definitions are more likely to yield accurate estimates of HF incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Van Tassell
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Azita H Talasaz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Maries L, Moatar AI, Chis AR, Marian C, Luca CT, Sirbu IO, Gaiță D. Plasma hsa-miR-22-3p Might Serve as an Early Predictor of Ventricular Function Recovery after ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2289. [PMID: 37626785 PMCID: PMC10452683 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricle remodeling (LVR) after acute myocardial infarction (aMI) leads to impairment of both systolic and diastolic function, a major contributor to heart failure (HF). Despite extensive research, predicting post-aMI LVR and HF is still a challenge. Several circulant microRNAs have been proposed as LVR predictors; however, their clinical value is controversial. Here, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to quantify hsa-miR-22-3p (miR-22) plasma levels on the first day of hospital admission of ST-elevation aMI (STEMI) patients. We analyzed miR-22 correlation to the patients' clinical and paraclinical variables and evaluated its ability to discriminate between post-aMI LVR and non-LVR. We show that miR-22 is an excellent aMI discriminator and can distinguish between LVR and non-LVR patients. The discriminative performance of miR-22 significantly improves the predictive power of a multiple logistic regression model based on four continuous variables (baseline ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume, CK-MB, and troponin). Furthermore, we found that diabetes mellitus, hematocrit level, and the number of erythrocytes significantly influence its levels. These data suggest that miR-22 might be used as a predictor of ventricular function recovery in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Maries
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.M.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ioana Moatar
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.M.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aimee Rodica Chis
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin Tudor Luca
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.T.L.); (D.G.)
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Gaiță
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.T.L.); (D.G.)
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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Liu C, Guo M, Cui Y, Wu M, Chen H. Incidence and predictors of left ventricular function change following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1079647. [PMID: 37063963 PMCID: PMC10098331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1079647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AimThe purpose of the study was to assess the incidence and predictors of left ventricular function change in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI.Methods312 patients with STEMI who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between January 2015 and December 2016 were consecutively enrolled in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement after long-term follow-up.ResultsWe finally analyzed the LVEF change in 186 patients from baseline to follow-up. The mean age was 61.3 ± 12.5 years, with 78.5% being male. The median duration of follow-up after STEMI was 1,021 (389–1,947) days. 54.3% had a decrease in LVEF and 45.7% experienced an improvement in LV function after primary PCI through long-term follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed lower peak troponin I, non-anterior STEMI, lower baseline LVEF, and no previous myocardial infarction history were independently associated with LVEF improvement.Conclusion54.3% of patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI had a decrease in LVEF during long-term follow-up. LVEF recovery can be predicted by baseline characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Hong Chen
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von Lewinski D, Kolesnik E, Tripolt NJ, Pferschy PN, Benedikt M, Wallner M, Alber H, Berger R, Lichtenauer M, Saely CH, Moertl D, Auersperg P, Reiter C, Rieder T, Siller-Matula JM, Gager GM, Hasun M, Weidinger F, Pieber TR, Zechner PM, Herrmann M, Zirlik A, Holman RR, Oulhaj A, Sourij H. Empagliflozin in acute myocardial infarction: the EMMY trial. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4421-4432. [PMID: 36036746 PMCID: PMC9622301 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition reduces the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and for death in patients with symptomatic heart failure. However, trials investigating the effects of this drug class in patients following acute myocardial infarction are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS In this academic, multicentre, double-blind trial, patients (n = 476) with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by a large creatine kinase elevation (>800 IU/L) were randomly assigned to empagliflozin 10 mg or matching placebo once daily within 72 h of percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary outcome was the N-terminal pro-hormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) change over 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in echocardiographic parameters. Baseline median (interquartile range) NT-proBNP was 1294 (757-2246) pg/mL. NT-proBNP reduction was significantly greater in the empagliflozin group, compared with placebo, being 15% lower [95% confidence interval (CI) -4.4% to -23.6%] after adjusting for baseline NT-proBNP, sex, and diabetes status (P = 0.026). Absolute left-ventricular ejection fraction improvement was significantly greater (1.5%, 95% CI 0.2-2.9%, P = 0.029), mean E/e' reduction was 6.8% (95% CI 1.3-11.3%, P = 0.015) greater, and left-ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes were lower by 7.5 mL (95% CI 3.4-11.5 mL, P = 0.0003) and 9.7 mL (95% CI 3.7-15.7 mL, P = 0.0015), respectively, in the empagliflozin group, compared with placebo. Seven patients were hospitalized for heart failure (three in the empagliflozin group). Other predefined serious adverse events were rare and did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION In patients with a recent myocardial infarction, empagliflozin was associated with a significantly greater NT-proBNP reduction over 26 weeks, accompanied by a significant improvement in echocardiographic functional and structural parameters. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRATION NCT03087773.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ewald Kolesnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert J Tripolt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter N Pferschy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Benedikt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Wallner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Alber
- Department of Cardiology, Public Hospital Klagenfurt am Woerthersee, Klagenfurt am Woerthersee, Austria
| | - Rudolf Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Saint John of God Eisenstadt, Eisenstadt, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph H Saely
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Deddo Moertl
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3050 Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Pia Auersperg
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3050 Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Christian Reiter
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rieder
- Department of Medicine, Kardinal Schwarzenberg Hospital Schwarzach, Schwarzach, Austria
| | | | - Gloria M Gager
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hasun
- 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Landstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Weidinger
- 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Landstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter M Zechner
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Graz South West, West Location, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Rury R Holman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research and Data Intelligence Support Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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