Antenatal Diagnosis of Prune Belly Syndrome

Long term follow-up in a patient with prune-belly syndrome - a care compliant case report

RATIONALE

Malformative uropathies represent a major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in children. Genitourinary system is the most frequent and sever affected in Prune-Belly syndrome cases. That is why the findings of early diagnosis and vigilant monitoring for these situations remain a major challenge for the medical team.

PATIENT CONCERNS

We present the clinical course of a 10 years old child with diagnosis of Prune-Belly syndrome. A urinary tract abnormality was suspected starting 25 weeks of gestation, when a routine ultrasound showed oligohydramnios, increased size urinary bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis and megaureters, thin abdominal wall.

DIAGNOSIS

Prenatal suspicion of Prune-Belly syndrome plays a deciding role in renal disease progression. A detailed clinical exam at birth established the diagnosis of Prune-Belly syndrome. Renal ultrasound confirmed bilateral grade III hydronephrosis and megaureters, with empty bladder, suggesting an obstruction at this level. A persistent urachus was confirmed by catheterization. Later it was used for imaging study that showed bilateral high grade reflux.

INTERVENTIONS

The main goal of any treatment is to preserve kidney function. Treatment options depend on the clinical picture. The pregnancy was closely monitorized, but fetal distress appeared so early labor was induced at 32 weeks. At beginning a temporary catheter was placed into the urachus which expressed urine. The urachus drain was left in place until the age of 6 weeks, when a bilateral ureterostomy was performed. Skeletal and genital malformations were present too; the child has undergone several surgeries to solve these abnormalities.

OUTCOMES

At the age of 10 years, he is a well-adapted child. He has had fewer than 3 urinary tract infections per year. Long term follow-up showed a relatively slow decline in the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in our child (62 ml/1.73m/min).

LESSONS

This case suggests that induced early labor could prove beneficial for early upper urinary tract decompression through earlier access to surgery. This is an option especially in situations or region where vesicoureteric or vesicoamniotic shunt placement is not available.