1
|
Cheung Y, Man Kit Cheung A, Ho Yan Luk E, Man Fung Y, Mountjoy T, Cihon JH, Leaf JB. An evaluation of a comprehensive training package for interventionists providing behavioral intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 66:358-369. [PMID: 34150198 PMCID: PMC7942800 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1827208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been rapid growth in the number of behavior analysts and interventionists in the world today. With this growth it is imperative to ensure that each behavior analyst and interventionist receives quality training. The training should be comprehensive (i.e. training multiple areas of behavior analysis) and should not conclude until the trainee is able to perform each behavior analytic procedure to a high degree of fidelity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training package to train four participants how to implement multiple behavior analytic procedures. Using a multiple baseline design across participants the results indicate that each participant improved their implementation of behavioral intervention. Additionally, the participants maintained their skills over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph H. Cihon
- Autism Partnership Foundation, Seal Beach, CA, USA
- The Institute for Behavioral Studies, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Justin B. Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, Seal Beach, CA, USA
- The Institute for Behavioral Studies, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong E, Ferguson JL, Milne CM, Cihon JH, Leaf JB, McEachin J, Leaf R, Schulze K, Rudrud E. Evaluating three methods of the presentation of target stimuli when teaching receptive labels. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wong
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
- Department of Community Psychology, Counseling and Family Therapy St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
| | | | - Christine M. Milne
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
- School of Education Endicott University Beverly Massachusetts USA
| | - Joseph H. Cihon
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
- School of Education Endicott University Beverly Massachusetts USA
| | - Justin B. Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
- School of Education Endicott University Beverly Massachusetts USA
| | - John McEachin
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
| | - Ronald Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation Seal Beach California USA
| | - Kim Schulze
- Department of Community Psychology, Counseling and Family Therapy St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
| | - Eric Rudrud
- Department of Community Psychology, Counseling and Family Therapy St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leaf JB, Cihon JH, Ferguson JL, Milne CM, Leaf R, McEachin J. Advances in Our Understanding of Behavioral Intervention: 1980 to 2020 for Individuals Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:4395-4410. [PMID: 32240487 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are three branches of science of behavior analysis [i.e., experimental analysis of behavior, behavior analysis, and applied behavior analysis (ABA)]. ABA can be defined as a systematic approach to understanding behavior of social interest. For the past 40 plus years, researchers have evaluated ABA and ABA based procedures (e.g., behavioral intervention) as they relate to individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have implemented behavioral intervention in clinical settings for individuals diagnosed with ASD. In this paper, we discuss some of the pivotal contributions in the field of ABA in research and clinical practice. Additionally, we provide recommendations for the science and clinical practice of behavioral intervention in the next 40 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA. .,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph H Cihon
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA.,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Ferguson
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - Christine M Milne
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA.,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - John McEachin
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cihon JH, Ferguson JL, Leaf JB, Milne CM, Leaf R, McEachin J. A randomized clinical trial of three prompting systems to teach tact relations. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:727-743. [PMID: 31347696 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prompts are commonly used during discrete trial teaching for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three commonly used prompting systems include constant time delay, most-to-least prompting, and flexible prompt fading. Most of the research demonstrating the effectiveness of these three prompting strategies have been completed through the use of single subject experimental designs. Some within the field of behaviorally based approaches to ASD interventions have called for more randomized clinical trials of these approaches. The purpose of the present study was to compare these 3 prompting systems to teach tact relations for 27 individuals diagnosed with ASD through a randomized clinical trial without a control group with respect to pre-post responding, generalization, sessions to mastery, and responding during teaching. Overall, minimal differences were observed across the 3 systems. The results are discussed with respect to future research and clinical application of the methods evaluated.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cihon JH, Ferguson JL, Milne CM, Leaf JB, McEachin J, Leaf R. A Preliminary Evaluation of a Token System with a Flexible Earning Requirement. Behav Anal Pract 2018; 12:548-556. [PMID: 31976263 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-018-00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Token systems often involve a predetermined number of tokens required prior to exchange for a terminal reinforcer. The effectiveness of token systems implemented in this manner has been well documented within the literature; however, some have discussed the possibility of a fixed earning requirement creating a context in which the learner no longer emits the desired behavior once the terminal number is achieved. A possible alternative to a fixed earning requirement is selecting the earning requirement based upon learner responding and leaving the requirement unknown to the learner until the moment of exchange. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a token system with a flexible earning requirement to increase the frequency of comments during snack for 3 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The results of a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design demonstrated the flexible token system was effective at increasing the rate of comments in addition to the cumulative number of novel comments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Cihon
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA.,2The Institute for Behavioral Studies, Endicott College, Beverly, MA USA
| | - Julia L Ferguson
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA
| | - Christine M Milne
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA.,2The Institute for Behavioral Studies, Endicott College, Beverly, MA USA
| | - Justin B Leaf
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA.,2The Institute for Behavioral Studies, Endicott College, Beverly, MA USA
| | - John McEachin
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA
| | - Ron Leaf
- 1Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Dr., Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA
| |
Collapse
|