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Davis AM, Burks-Abbott G, Merecias O, Swenor BK. Autism interventions designed or adapted for the Black/African American population: A systematic review. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241259910. [PMID: 38910297 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241259910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Black/African American people in the United States who have a diagnosis of autism often experience service-related disparities, including not having the same access to high-quality autism and related care (e.g. behavioral interventions), and are less likely to have sustained treatment engagement across their lifespan. While interventions to support autistic people are typically designed to be universal, there is concern that these interventions not being tailored to the Black/African American population could reduce the overall impact due to a lack of responsiveness to the needs of the Black children or families who receive the intervention. The current systematic review summarized research on interventions developed for the Black autism community, including Black children with autism and their caregivers. After a comprehensive, systematic search, eight peer-reviewed publications were identified that met the study's inclusion criteria. The majority of the interventions were tailored to Black caregivers of children with autism. Autism researchers demonstrate different strategies for engaging Black caregivers in culturally responsive ways; however, more research into these interventions is needed in order to assess their effectiveness. In addition, there are still limited interventions adapted to be culturally responsive to Black/African American autistic people. The Cultural Adaptation Checklist framework is a novel approach with promise to become the standard for adapting interventions to meet the needs of culturally diverse groups. Cultural responsiveness is an important facet in the development of interventions that produce optimal outcomes for the range of diversity in the United States and is an important step to achieving equitable autism research practices.
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Fannin DK, Williams EDG, Fuller M, Pearson JN, Boyd BA, Drame E, Taylor J, Dickerson AS, Spinks-Franklin A, Coles-White D. Unpacking the prevalence: A warning against overstating the recently narrowed gap for Black autistic youth. Autism Res 2024; 17:1072-1082. [PMID: 38804591 PMCID: PMC11186720 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network's 2020 prevalence report indicate that disparities in autism diagnoses between Black and White youth have narrowed, reflecting improved screening, awareness, and access to services (Maenner et al., 2023. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002), 72, 1-14.). Claims of reducing disparities beyond prevalence rates, however, are not fully supported, as indicated by the reality that Black youth whose screenings indicate autistic traits are still not being referred for full evaluation or early intervention services at the same rate as their White peers (Major et al., 2020. Autism, 24, 1629-1638; Smith et al., 2020. Pediatrics, 145, S35-S46.). Black 8-year-olds identified as autistic still experience disparate educational placements (Waitoller et al., 2010. The Journal of Special Education. 44, 29-49.) where services may not be autism-specific or have Individual Education Plan goals only focused on "behavior problems" (Severini et al., 2018. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 3261-3272.), are served in the most restrictive environments (Skiba et al., 2006. Exceptional Children, 72, 411-424.) and lack consistent augmentative and alternative communication support (Pope et al., 2022. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 31, 2159-2174.). Additionally, ADMM researchers report consistent disparities in the identification of co-occurring intellectual disability where Black autistic children have significantly more co-occurrences than White autistic children. The purpose of this commentary is to first examine the assertion that the narrowed gap indicates, "…improved…access to services among historically underserved groups," (p. 9) (Maenner et al., 2023. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002), 72, 1-14.). We will then recommend strategies to address the ongoing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Kasambira Fannin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Marcus Fuller
- Department of Education, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD
| | - Jamie N. Pearson
- Department of Teacher Education and Learning Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Brian A. Boyd
- School of Education, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth Drame
- Department of Teaching and Learning, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Division of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jonte’ Taylor
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Aisha S. Dickerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - D’Jaris Coles-White
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI
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Weitzman C, Nadler C, Blum NJ, Augustyn M. Health Care for Youth With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Consensus Statement. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063809. [PMID: 38596852 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) face significant health care barriers, disparities in health outcomes, and high rates of foregone and adverse health care experiences. The Supporting Access for Everyone (SAFE) Initiative was developed to establish principles of health care to improve equity for youth with NDDs through an evidence-informed and consensus-derived process. With the Developmental Behavioral Pediatric Research Network, the SAFE cochairs convened a consensus panel composed of diverse professionals, caregivers, and adults with NDDs who contributed their varied expertise related to SAFE care delivery. A 2-day public forum (attended by consensus panel members) was convened where professionals, community advocates, and adults with NDDs and/or caregivers of individuals with NDDs presented research, clinical strategies, and personal experiences. After this, a 2-day consensus conference was held. Using nominal group technique, the panel derived a consensus statement (CS) on SAFE care, an NDD Health Care Bill of Rights, and Transition Considerations. Ten CSs across 5 topical domains were established: (1) training, (2) communication, (3) access and planning, (4) diversity, equity, inclusion, belonging, and anti-ableism, and (5) policy and structural change. Relevant and representative citations were added when available to support the derived statements. The final CS was approved by all consensus panel members and the Developmental Behavioral Pediatric Research Network steering committee. At the heart of this CS is an affirmation that all people are entitled to health care that is accessible, humane, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cy Nadler
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Nathan J Blum
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marilyn Augustyn
- Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sapiets SJ, Hastings RP, Totsika V. Predictors of Access to Early Support in Families of Children with Suspected or Diagnosed Developmental Disabilities in the United Kingdom. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1628-1641. [PMID: 37142908 PMCID: PMC10159231 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined predictors of access to early support amongst families of 0-6-year-old children with suspected or diagnosed developmental disabilities in the United Kingdom. Using survey data from 673 families, multiple regression models were fitted for three outcomes: intervention access, access to early support sources, and unmet need for early support sources. Developmental disability diagnosis and caregiver educational level were associated with intervention access and early support access. Early support access was also associated with child physical health, adaptive skills, caregiver ethnicity, informal support, and statutory statement of special educational needs. Unmet need for early support was associated with economic deprivation, the number of household caregivers, and informal support. Multiple factors influence access to early support. Key implications include enhancing processes for formal identification of need, addressing socioeconomic disparities (e.g., reducing inequalities, increasing funding for services), and providing more accessible services (e.g., coordinating support across services, flexible service provision).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi J Sapiets
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK.
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Block P, Level 3 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Block P, Level 3 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7BN, UK
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Mehra S, Salinas-Miranda AA, Buro AW, Marshall J, Kirby RS. The role of adverse childhood experiences in obesity among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: National survey of Children's health 2018-2019. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101550. [PMID: 37968201 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of overweight/obesity and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). OBJECTIVE This study examined whether ACEs increased the odds of overweight/obesity in adolescents with ASD. METHODS This cross-sectional study used National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2018-2019 data (N = 31,533 children ages 10-17 years, including n = 480 children with mild ASD and n = 423 children with moderate/severe ASD with normal or overweight/obese BMI). Parent-reported body mass index (BMI) was coded as overweight/obesity vs. normal weight. The independent variable was the count of nine ACEs. Binary logistic regression was conducted, controlling for social ecological factors. RESULTS The odds of overweight/obesity in adolescents with ASD with 1-2 ACEs (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.4) and 3+ ACEs (OR 1.6, CI 1.3-2.0) were higher than those with 0 ACEs; odds increased with higher counts of ACEs. Household income level was the most significant sociodemographic influence on odds of obesity in adolescents with ASD (0-99 % Federal Poverty Level: OR 1.9, CI 1.6-2.3). Adolescents with moderate/severe ASD (OR 1.7, CI 1.2-2.5) and mild ASD (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.4) had higher odds of overweight/obesity after accounting for ACEs, race/ethnicity, sex, household income, and physical activity. CONCLUSION Findings indicated ACEs are associated with ASD, which calls for integration of ACEs information within trauma-informed care practices for obesity prevention and intervention for adolescents with ASD. Persistent disparities of overweight/obesity exist by race/ethnicity, sex, and household income within this population, which indicates the need for tailoring trauma-informed approaches to the unique needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Mehra
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Abraham A Salinas-Miranda
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Acadia W Buro
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States.
| | - Jennifer Marshall
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Russell S Kirby
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
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Furnier SM, Gangnon R, Daniels JL, Ellis Weismer S, Nadler C, Pazol K, Reyes NM, Rosenberg S, Rubenstein E, Wiggins LD, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Durkin MS. Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning. Autism Res 2024; 17:650-667. [PMID: 38415400 PMCID: PMC11151777 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) commonly co-occurs in children with autism. Although diagnostic criteria for ID require impairments in both cognitive and adaptive functioning, most population-based estimates of the frequency of co-occurring ID in children with autism-including studies of racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring autism and ID-base the definition of ID solely on cognitive scores. The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of including both cognitive and adaptive behavior criteria on estimates of co-occurring ID in a well-characterized sample of 2- to 5-year-old children with autism. Participants included 3264 children with research or community diagnoses of autism enrolled in the population-based Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) phases 1-3. Based only on Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) composite cognitive scores, 62.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1, 64.7%) of children with autism were estimated to have co-occurring ID. After incorporating Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) composite or domains criteria, co-occurring ID estimates were reduced to 38.0% (95% CI: 36.2, 39.8%) and 45.0% (95% CI: 43.1, 46.9%), respectively. The increased odds of meeting ID criteria observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic children relative to NH White children when only MSEL criteria were used were substantially reduced, though not eliminated, after incorporating VABS-II criteria and adjusting for selected socioeconomic variables. This study provides evidence for the importance of considering adaptive behavior as well as socioeconomic disadvantage when describing racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring ID in epidemiologic studies of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Furnier
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julie L. Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Ellis Weismer
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cy Nadler
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Karen Pazol
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nuri M. Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Rubenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa D. Wiggins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ku B, Ghim S. Poor Physical Health in Caregivers of Children with ADHD or ASD and its Association with Health Risk Behaviours: NHIS 2016-2018. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-023-10253-3. [PMID: 38172453 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of evidence regarding physical health problems and health risk behaviours (e.g., drinking, physical inactivity, smoking, and suboptimal sleep behaviour) in caregivers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder (CCAA). The purposes of the current study were to examine differences in physical health problems between CCAA and caregivers of children without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder (CCWAA) and to explore health risk behaviours associated with those problems. METHOD Data from the 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey were used in the current study. 10 common physical health problems were compared between CCAA and CCWAA by using multivariable logistic regressions. In addition, in order to detect associated health risk behaviours, decision tree analysis was performed for physical health problems in CCAA. RESULTS Of the 10 physical health problems, caregivers of children with ADHD showed significantly higher likelihood of experiencing nine (arthritis, asthma, back pain, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart problems, hypertension, neck pain, obesity), compared to CCWAA. Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed significantly higher likelihoods of experiencing two physical health problems compared to CCWAA. The decision tree analysis revealed that age (> 42 years), and suboptimal sleep behaviour (not 7-8 hours), and smoking (current smoker) were the frequent predictors for physical health problems in CCAA. CONCLUSION The results of the current study represent an important milestone in further investigating physical health problems in CCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungmo Ku
- Department of Special Physical Education, Sports Sciecne Buliding 8405, 134 Yongindaehak-ro, Samga-dong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seungbeen Ghim
- Health Management and Policy, College of Health, Oregon State University, 97333, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Onovbiona H, Quetsch L, Bradley R. Racial and Practical Barriers to Diagnostic and Treatment Services for Black Families of Autistic Youth: A Mixed-Method Exploration. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06166-5. [PMID: 38038872 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the role race-related barriers and practical barriers to treatment participation play in treatment effectiveness and satisfaction among Black families with autistic youth using a mixed-method approach. In a sample of Black caregivers with autistic youth (N = 101), multiple regressions were conducted to examine the impact of reported racial and practical barriers on parental stress, treatment effectiveness, and treatment satisfaction. Caregivers provided further narratives on their experience navigating diagnostic and treatment services in qualitative interviews. The study demonstrated that Black caregivers of autistic youth are still encountering several racial and logistical barriers when seeking treatment and diagnostic services for their children. These barriers negatively impact caregiver stress and caregiver perceived treatment quality. Contrary to the barriers and stress experienced by Black caregivers, caregivers are generally satisfied with the treatments they are utilizing and find them helpful. The narratives told by caregivers further elucidate the tumultuous experiences of Black caregivers as they seek diagnostic and treatment services for their children. An experience that may be worsened by family, professional, and systemic barriers, and can be improved by advocacy, acceptance, peer and community support, and increased knowledge. Black families of autistic youth call for increased compassion, support, training, and humility among professionals who serve autistic youth.
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Hernandez CD, Williams Awodeha NF, Cameron MJ. Culture and Language Inclusion in the Practice of Applied Behavior Analysis: Next Steps for Improving Outcomes for Autistic Clients. Behav Anal Pract 2023; 16:1280-1289. [PMID: 38076741 PMCID: PMC10700268 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As applied behavior analysis (ABA) is widely prescribed as an intervention for autistic children, ABA practitioners must have a thorough understanding of the impact of language and culture on the individuals and families they serve. The twin purposes of this article are to discuss cultural humility in ASD service delivery, and to provide an overview of practice parameters for the expansion of equity and inclusion. These efforts are guided by the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care. Readers will be provided with recommendations for incorporating culturally and linguistically appropriate services into training, practice, and supervision in ABA settings.
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Baires NA, Boydston PS, Redner RN. Pay Equity Among Behavior-Analytic Practitioners Who Serve Children. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2023; 32:1-26. [PMID: 38625237 PMCID: PMC9848708 DOI: 10.1007/s42822-022-00118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pay disparities have numerous adverse effects upon organizations, employees, and clients, which can affect the organization's ability to deliver services, including culturally responsive services. Evidence is accumulating that pay inequity, particularly among females and males, is present within the field of behavior analysis (Li et al., 2018; Vance & Saini, 2022). The purpose of the present study was to examine the annual income of Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA) and doctoral-level BCBAs (BCBA-Ds) who work with children, with a particular focus on the impact that salary practices have on the provision of services to this age group. A survey was distributed to collect information regarding annual income, demographics, and various aspects of service delivery. The sample included 236 (96.7%) BCBAs and eight (3.3%) BCBA-Ds who had been in the field an average of 11.3 years (N = 244). Annual income for female BCBAs and male BCBAs was $74,888 and $79,140, respectively. For those who served children and adolescents, female respondents earn an annual average of $75,840, while male respondents earn an average of $74, 673. The annual incomes of female BCBAs that served urban, rural, and combined rural and urban regions were $76,931, $69,198, and $77,199, respectively. The observed differences between service regions were statistically significant, whereas the difference observed between females and males was not. Considering this, females made less than male counterparts in nearly every comparison, which is alarming. The present study adds to the growing list of observations indicating that a change in salary practices is needed to improve behavior-analytic service delivery to clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Baires
- Behavior Analysis and Therapy Program, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Carbondale, USA
| | - Paige S. Boydston
- Behavior Analysis and Therapy Program, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Carbondale, USA
| | - Ryan N. Redner
- Behavior Analysis and Therapy Program, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Carbondale, USA
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Burney V, Arnold-Saritepe A, McCann CM. Rethinking the Place of Qualitative Methods in Behavior Analysis. Perspect Behav Sci 2023; 46:185-200. [PMID: 37006599 PMCID: PMC10050534 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSingle-case design research is pervasive and dominant in the field of behavior analysis (BA). It allows for effective application of behavior change technologies in a wide variety of real-world settings. However, as the field has grown, behavioral scholars have suggested incorporating other methods into the investigator’s toolbox to supplement single-case design. To date, the call to expand beyond using only variations of single-case design as the standard for behavior analytic research has gone largely unheard. Given the need for behavior analytic work to be more closely aligned with consumer and stakeholder needs and priorities, along with a proliferation of practitioners and researchers in the field, now is the time to consider the benefits of qualitative research methods for behavior analysts. In particular, in areas of social validity and in exploring diverse applied topics, qualitative methods may help the field of behavior analysis to achieve greater success with documenting the outcomes from behavior change interventions. The present article explores areas where behavior analysis may benefit from utilizing qualitative methods, namely social validity and breadth of topics for study, and provides examples of the value of qualitative research from other fields. A brief outline of qualitative research is provided alongside consideration of the seven dimensions of applied behavior analysis. In situations where single-case design does not offer behavior analysts sufficient methodological opportunity, qualitative research methods could form a powerful addition to the field of behavior analysis.
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Luna O, Petri JM, Nuhu N. Addressing Racial Disparities in Behavior-Analytic Services: Provider and Trainee Awareness, Competency, and Systemic Action. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-022-00117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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An Intersectional Examination of Disability and Race Models in Behavior-Analytic Practice. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-022-00116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Missing from the Narrative: A Seven-Decade Scoping Review of the Inclusion of Black Autistic Women and Girls in Autism Research. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:1093-1105. [PMID: 36605161 PMCID: PMC9745006 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intersectional experiences of Black autistic women and girls (BAWG) are missing from medical and educational research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the intersectional experiences of BAWG is important due to the rising prevalence of autism in Black children and girls (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020) and the concurrent lack of availability of culturally relevant autism-related interventions (Maenner et al., 2020; West et al., 2016). Intersectionality is the study of the overlapping discrimination produced by systems of oppression (Collins, 2019; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) and allows the researcher to simultaneously address race and disability in special education (Artiles, 2013). In this scoping review, the authors used the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Tricco et al., 2018) and Arskey and O'Malley's (2005) framework to investigate the degree to which autism-related research (ARR) has included the intersectional experiences of BAWG. Utilizing narrative synthesis, strengths and gaps across the current body of literature are identified in order to set new directions for intersectional ARR. Overall, the authors found that across a 77-year period, three studies foregrounded BAWG and none addressed intersectionality as measured through criteria advanced by García and Ortiz (2013). These results reveal the scholarly neglect BAWG face in ARR, discourse, policy, and practice. A future agenda including research, practice, and policy priorities is identified and discussed.
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