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Chen X, Yun L, Long Y, Sun Y, Chen T. First report on female monozygotic twins discordant for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63407. [PMID: 37909842 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Ninety percent of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) are X-linked inherited and are caused by mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2). Most affected individuals are males. Only sporadic female cases have been reported. Here, we first reported a female monozygotic twin with discordant phenotypes for NDI carrying a missense variant c.845T>C (p.Leu282Pro) in exon 4 of AVPR2. Intracellular cAMP concentrations in COS7 cells transfected with AVPR2-L282P were significantly decreased by about 60% compared with those in wild-type AVPR2 plasmid transfected cells, suggesting this variation was pathogenic. The X-inactivation pattern was investigated in peripheral leukocytes and urine sediments in both the unaffected and affected pair. Results showed that the affected pair had a skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern in urine sediments and a random XCI pattern in leukocytes, while the unaffected pair showed a random XCI pattern both in leukocytes and urine sediments. This was the first report of monozygotic twins who developed different phenotypes of NDI. Our study suggested that the development of NDI symptoms is more closely associated with the XCI pattern in urine sediments compared with the XCI pattern in peripheral leukocytes. Analysis of XCI in peripheral leukocytes may not be enough to explore possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Libing Yun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Long
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mao L, Pan Z, Chen W, Hu W, Chen X, Dai H. AVPR2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 36998036 PMCID: PMC10061778 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of AVPR2 in the immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thus providing insights into a novel antitumour strategy. METHODS In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the AVPR2 gene in HNSCC using public datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. We explored the potential molecular mechanism of HNSCC in clinical prognosis and tumour immunity from the aspects of gene expression, prognosis, immune subtypes, and immune infiltration. RESULTS AVPR2 expression was significantly downregulated in primary HNSCC tissue compared with normal tissue. HNSCC patients with high AVPR2 expression had a better prognosis. Moreover, the results of GSEA showed that immune subtype surface AVPR2 is involved in immune modulation. Furthermore, significant strong correlations between AVPR2 expression and infiltrating immune cells existed in HNSCC, and marker genes of infiltrating immune cells were also significantly related to AVPR2 expression in HNSCC. These results suggest that AVPR2 expression can influence the infiltration of tumour immune cells. Finally, we found that only high levels of B-cell infiltration, rather than those of other immune cells, can predict a longer overall survival in patients with HNSCC. Future studies are needed to explore the role of AVPR2 and tumour-infiltrating B cells in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS The AVPR2 gene may be a prognostic biomarker of HNSCC. Moreover, AVPR2 may play a role in HNSCC immune modulation, and the regulation of tumour-infiltrating B cells by AVPR2 may be a key link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqun Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Yang LL, Xu Y, Qiu JL, Zhao QY, Li MM, Shi H. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus arginine vasopressin receptor 2 gene mutation at new site: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:13443-13450. [PMID: 36683631 PMCID: PMC9850987 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare hereditary disorder. It is associated with mutations in the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) gene, and approximately 270 different mutation sites have been reported for AVPR2. Therefore, new mutations and new manifestations are crucial to complement the clinical deficiencies in the diagnosis of this disease. We report a case of a novel AVPR2 gene mutation locus and a new clinical mani-festation.
CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a 48-d-old boy who presented with recurrent fever and diarrhea 5 d after birth. Laboratory tests showed electrolyte disturbances and low urine specific gravity, and imaging tests showed no abnormalities. Genetic testing revealed a novel X-linked recessive missense mutation, c.283 (exon 2) C>T (p.P95S). This mutation results in the substitution of a proline residue with a serine residue in the AVPR2 protein sequence. The diagnosis of CNDI was confirmed based on the AVPR2 gene mutation. The treatment strategy for this patient was divided into two stages, including physical cooling supplemented with appropriate amounts of water in the early stage and oral hydrochlorothia-zide (1-2 mg/kg) after a clear diagnosis. After follow-up of one and a half years, the patient gradually improved.
CONCLUSION AVPR2 gene mutations in new loci and new clinical symptoms help clinicians understand this disease and shorten the diagnosis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Li Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian-Yi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Man-Man Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Vaz de Castro PAS, Bitencourt L, de Oliveira Campos JL, Fischer BL, Soares de Brito SBC, Soares BS, Drummond JB, Simões E Silva AC. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a comprehensive overview. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:421-434. [PMID: 35146976 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine that results in polyuria and polydipsia, despite having normal or elevated plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In this study, we review the clinical aspects and diagnosis of NDI, the various etiologies, current treatment options and potential future developments. NDI has different clinical manifestations and approaches according to the etiology. Hereditary forms of NDI are mainly caused by mutations in the genes that encode key proteins in the AVP signaling pathway, while acquired causes are normally associated with specific drug exposure, especially lithium, and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Clinical manifestations of the disease vary according to the degree of dehydration and hyperosmolality, being worse when renal water losses cannot be properly compensated by fluid intake. Regarding the diagnosis of NDI, it is important to consider the symptoms of the patient and the diagnostic tests, including the water deprivation test and the baseline plasma copeptin measurement, a stable surrogate biomarker of AVP release. Without proper treatment, patients may developcomplications leading to high morbidity and mortality, such as severe dehydration and hypernatremia. In that sense, the treatment of NDI consists in decreasing the urine output, while allowing appropriate fluid balance, normonatremia, and ensuring an acceptable quality of life. Therefore, therapeutic options include nonpharmacological interventions, including sufficient water intake and a low-sodium diet, and pharmacological treatment. The main medications used for NDI are thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and amiloride, used isolated or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de Castro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bitencourt
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lacerda de Oliveira Campos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna Luisa Fischer
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Bruna Camilo Soares de Brito
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santana Soares
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Beaudette Drummond
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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