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Finn S, Aliyianis T, Beattie B, Boissé Lomax L, Shukla G, Scott SH, Winston GP. Robotic assessment of sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109613. [PMID: 38183928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently demonstrate impairments in executive function, working memory, and/or declarative memory. It is recommended that screening for cognitive impairment is undertaken in all people newly diagnosed with epilepsy. However, standard neuropsychological assessments are a limited resource and thus not available to all. Our study investigated the use of robotic technology (the Kinarm robot) for cognitive screening. METHODS 27 participants with TLE (17 left) underwent both a brief neuropsychological screening and a robotic (Kinarm) assessment. The degree of impairments and correlations between standardized scores from both approaches to assessments were analysed across different neurocognitive domains. Performance was compared between people with left and right TLE to look for laterality effects. Finally, the association between the duration of epilepsy and performance was assessed. RESULTS Across the 6 neurocognitive domains (attention, executive function, language, memory, motor and visuospatial) assessed by our neuropsychological screening, all showed scores that significantly correlated with Kinarm tasks assessing the same cognitive domains except language and memory that were not adequately assessed with Kinarm. Participants with right TLE performed worse on most tasks than those with left TLE, including both visuospatial (typically considered right hemisphere), and verbal memory and language tasks (typically considered left hemisphere). No correlations were found between the duration of epilepsy and either the neuropsychological screening or Kinarm assessment. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that Kinarm may be a useful tool in screening for neurocognitive impairment in people with TLE. Further development may facilitate an easier and more rapid screening of cognition in people with epilepsy and distinguishing patterns of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Finn
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | | | - Brooke Beattie
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Lysa Boissé Lomax
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Garima Shukla
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Jawa NA, Vanderlinden JA, Scott SH, Jacobson JA, Silver SA, Holden R, Boyd JG. Visuospatial and Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Kidney Failure: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2022; 9:20543581221103100. [PMID: 35721396 PMCID: PMC9201347 DOI: 10.1177/20543581221103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurocognitive impairment is a common finding across the spectrum of kidney
disease and carries important consequences for quality of life. We
previously demonstrated that robotic technology can identify neurocognitive
impairments not readily detectable by traditional testing in patients with
acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: The present study aimed to assess whether these quantifiable deficits in
neurocognition differ based on a diagnosis of AKI, CKD, or kidney
failure. Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants previously enrolled in an
observational study. Setting: Patients were enrolled at a tertiary academic hospital, Kingston Health
Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada. Patients: Adults with AKI, CKD, or kidney failure. Measurements: Each participant underwent robotic neurocognitive assessment using the
Kinarm: an interactive robotic device that uses a series of behavioral tasks
involving movement of the upper limbs to precisely quantify neurocognitive
impairment across a variety of neurocognitive domains. Methods: Multilevel modeling was used to determine the effect of Kinarm task type,
kidney diagnostic group (AKI vs CKD vs kidney failure), and the interaction
between the two, on neurocognitive performance. Results: A total of 104 participants within 1 year of an AKI event or with CKD
category G3-5 were enrolled. We found that across all of the kidney
diagnostic groups, participants performed worst on the Kinarm tasks of
Reverse Visually Guided Reaching (b = 0.64 [95% confidence
interval = 0.42, 0.85]), Visually Guided Reaching (b = 0.28
[0.07, 0.49]), and Trail Making (b = 0.50 [0.28, 0.72]),
relative to all other tasks. There were no significant differences in
average performance across tasks based on kidney diagnostic group. However,
diagnostic group and neurocognitive task type interacted to determine
performance, such that patients with AKI performed worse than those with
either CKD or kidney failure on the Reverse Visually Guided Reaching
task. Limitations: Kinarm assessment was performed at a single time point, and the sample size
itself was small, which may lead to the risk of a false-positive association
despite the use of multilevel modeling. Our sample size also did not permit
inclusion of the underlying etiology of kidney impairment as a covariate in
our analyses, which may have also influenced neurocognitive function. Conclusions: In this study that utilized the Kinarm to assess neurocognitive function,
patients with AKI demonstrated significantly worse neurocognitive
functioning than patients with CKD or kidney failure on a task measuring
executive function and visuomotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Jawa
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Vanderlinden
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jill A Jacobson
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Silver
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Holden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Gordon Boyd
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Critical Care, Kingston General Hospital, ON, Canada
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Lowrey CR, Dukelow SP, Bagg SD, Ritsma B, Scott SH. Impairments in Cognitive Control Using a Reverse Visually Guided Reaching Task Following Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:449-460. [PMID: 35576434 PMCID: PMC9198399 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and motor function must work together quickly and seamlessly to allow us to interact with a complex world, but their integration is difficult to assess directly. Interactive technology provides opportunities to assess motor actions requiring cognitive control. OBJECTIVE To adapt a reverse reaching task to an interactive robotic platform to quantify impairments in cognitive-motor integration following stroke. METHODS Participants with subacute stroke (N=59) performed two tasks using the Kinarm: Reverse Visually Guided Reaching (RVGR) and Visually Guided Reaching (VGR). Tasks required subjects move a cursor "quickly and accurately" to virtual targets. In RVGR, cursor motion was reversed compared to finger motion (i.e., hand moves left, cursor moves right). Task parameters and Task Scores were calculated based on models developed from healthy controls, and accounted for the influence of age, sex, and handedness. RESULTS Many stroke participants (86%) were impaired in RVGR with their affected arm (Task Score > 95% of controls). The most common impairment was increased movement time. Seventy-three percent were also impaired with their less affected arm. The most common impairment was larger initial direction angles of reach. Impairments in RVGR improved over time, but 71% of participants tested longitudinally were still impaired with the affected arm ∼6 months post-stroke. Importantly, although 57% were impaired with the less affected arm at 6 months, these individuals were not impaired in VGR. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with stroke were impaired in a reverse reaching task but many did not show similar impairments in a standard reaching task, highlighting selective impairment in cognitive-motor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Lowrey
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen D Bagg
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ritsma
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Reverse Visually Guided Reaching in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:8132923. [PMID: 35386952 PMCID: PMC8979744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms such as difficulty in movement initiation and bradykinesia, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) display nonmotor executive cognitive dysfunction with deficits in inhibitory control. Preoperative psychological assessments are used to screen for impulsivity that may be worsened by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, it is unclear whether anti-Parkinson’s therapy, such as dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) or DBS, which has beneficial effects on motor function, adversely affects inhibitory control or its domains. The detrimental effects of STN-DBS are more apparent when tasks test the inhibition of habitual prepotent responses or involve complex cognitive loads. Our goal was to use a reverse visually guided reaching (RVGR) task, a hand-based version of the antisaccade task, to simultaneously measure motor performance and response inhibition in subjects with PD. We recruited 55 healthy control subjects, 26 PD subjects receiving treatment with DRTs, and 7 PD subjects receiving treatment with STN-DBS and DRTs. In the RVGR task, a cursor moved opposite to the subject’s hand movement. This was compared to visually guided reaching (VGR) where the cursor moved in the same direction as the subject’s hand movement. Reaction time, mean speed, and direction errors (in RVGR) were assessed. Reaction times were longer, and mean speeds were slower during RVGR compared to VGR in all three groups but worse in untreated subjects with PD. Treatment with DRTs, DBS, or DBS + DRT improved the reaction time and speed on the RVGR task to a greater extent than VGR. Additionally, DBS or DBS + DRT demonstrated an increase in direction errors, which was correlated with decreased reaction time. These results show that the RVGR task quantifies the benefit of STN-DBS on bradykinesia and the concomitant reduction of proactive inhibitory control. The RVGR task has the potential to be used to rapidly screen for preoperative deficits in inhibitory control and to titrate STN-DBS, to maximize the therapeutic benefits on movement, and minimize impaired inhibitory control.
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Vanderlinden JA, Holden RM, Scott SH, Boyd JG. Cerebral Perfusion in Hemodialysis Patients: A Feasibility Study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2021; 8:20543581211010654. [PMID: 34017595 PMCID: PMC8114747 DOI: 10.1177/20543581211010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are known to exhibit low values of regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) and impaired cognitive functioning. The etiology of both is currently unknown. Objective To determine the feasibility of serially monitoring rSO2 in patients initiating HD. In addition, we sought to investigate how rSO2 is related to hemodynamic and dialysis parameters. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Single-center tertiary academic teaching hospital in Ontario, Canada. Participants Six patients initiating HD were enrolled in the study. Methods Feasibility was defined as successful study enrollment (>1 patient/month), successful consent rate (>70%), high data capture rates (>90%), and assessment tolerability. Regional cerebral oxygenation monitoring was performed 1 time/wk for the first year of dialysis. A neuropsychological battery was performed 3 times during the study: before dialysis initiation, 3 months, and 1 year after dialysis initiation. The neuropsychological battery included a traditional screening tool: the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, and a robot-based assessment: Kinarm. Results Our overall consent rate was 33%, and our enrollment rate was 0.4 patients/mo. In total 243 rSO2 sessions were recorded, with a data capture rate of 91.4% (222/243) across the 6 patients. Throughout the study, no adverse interactions were reported. Correlations between rSO2 with hemodynamic and dialysis parameters showed individual patient variability. However, at the individual level, all patients demonstrated positive correlations between mean arterial pressure and rSO2. Patients who had more than 3 liters of fluid showed significant negative correlations with rSO2. Less cognitive impairment was detected after initiating dialysis. Limitation This small cohort limits conclusions that can be made between rSO2 and hemodynamic and dialysis parameters. Conclusions Prospectively monitoring rSO2 in patients was unfeasible in a single dialysis unit, due to low consent and enrollment rates. However, rSO2 monitoring may provide unique insights into the effects of HD on cerebral oxygenation that should be further investigated. Trial Registration Due to the feasibility nature of this study, no trial registration was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Mary Holden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Harold Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John Gordon Boyd
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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