1
|
Zand L, Fervenza FC, Coppo R. Microscopic hematuria as a risk factor for IgAN progression: considering this biomarker in selecting and monitoring patients. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:ii19-ii27. [PMID: 38053974 PMCID: PMC10695511 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematuria-either macroscopic hematuria or asymptomatic microscopic hematuria-is a clinical feature typical but not specific for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The only biomarker supported by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes group as a predictor of progression, identifying patients needing treatment, is proteinuria >1 g/day persistent despite maximized supportive care. However, proteinuria can occur in the setting of active glomerulonephritis or secondary to sclerotic renal lesions. Microscopic hematuria is observed in experimental models of IgAN after IgA-IgG immunocomplex deposition, activation of inflammation and complement pathways. Oxidative damage, triggered by hemoglobin release, is thought to contribute to the development of proteinuria and progression. Despite being a clinical hallmark of IgAN and having a rational relationship with its pathophysiology, the value of microscopic hematuria in assessing activity and predicting outcomes in patients with IgAN is still debated. This was partly due to a lack of standardization and day-to-day variability of microhematuria, which discouraged the inclusion of microhematuria in large multicenter studies. More recently, several studies from Asia, Europe and the USA have highlighted the importance of microhematuria assessment over longitudinal follow-up, using a systematic approach with either experienced personnel or automated techniques. We report lights and shadows of microhematuria evaluation in IgAN, looking for evidence for a more consistent consensus on its value as a marker of clinical and histological activity, risk assessment and prediction of treatment response. We propose that hematuria should be included as part of the clinical decision-making process when considering when to use immunosuppressive therapy and as part of criteria for enrollment into clinical trials to test drugs targeting the inflammatory reaction elicited by immune pathway activation in IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Zand
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension. Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawamura T, Hirano K, Koike K, Nishikawa M, Shimizu A, Joh K, Katafuchi R, Hashiguchi A, Matsuzaki K, Maruyama S, Tsuboi N, Narita I, Yano Y, Yokoo T, Suzuki Y. Associations of corticosteroid therapy and tonsillectomy with kidney survival in a multicenter prospective study for IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18455. [PMID: 37891208 PMCID: PMC10611761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid therapy (CS) for long-term kidney survival in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is controversial. Therefore, prospective studies evaluating targeted therapies to lymphatic tissues in mucosal immune system responsible for production of nephritogenic IgA have been desired worldwide. Here, we aimed to evaluate the associations of CS and combination therapy of CS and tonsillectomy (CS + Tx) with kidney survival, using database from a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study on IgAN. Primary outcome was a 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline or dialysis induction. The analysis included 941 patients (CS/CS + Tx/non-CS 239/364/338), 85 (9.0%) of whom reached outcomes during median follow-up of 5.5 (interquartile range 2.0-8.0) years. On overlap weighting analysis with balanced baseline characteristics, CS and CS + Tx were associated with lower risk of kidney events when compared with non-CS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.88 and HR 0.20, 95%CI 0.09-0.44, respectively). Notably, when compared with the CS, CS + Tx was associated with a lower risk of kidney events (HR 0.40, 95%CI 0.18-0.91). Present study demonstrated, keeping with favorable association of systemic CS with kidney survival, concurrent tonsillectomy as one of targeted interventions to lymphatic tissues may provide additional improvement to kidney survival in patients with IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawamura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Keita Hirano
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Clinical Research Support Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Katafuchi
- National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kano Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
- The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Z, Feng L, Zeng H, Lin X, Lin Q, Lu F, Wang L, Mai J, Fang P, Liu X, Tan Q, Zou C. Nomogram for the prediction of crescent formation in IgA nephropathy patients: a retrospective study. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:262. [PMID: 37667217 PMCID: PMC10478467 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 Oxford classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents could predict a worse renal outcome. Early prediction of crescent formation can help physicians determine the appropriate intervention, and thus, improve the outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to establish a nomogram model for the prediction of crescent formation in IgA nephropathy patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 200 cases of biopsy-proven IgAN patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression was applied to screen for influencing factors of crescent formation in IgAN patients. The performance of the proposed nomogram was evaluated based on Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic analysis showed that urinary protein ≥ 1 g (OR = 3.129, 95%CI = 1.454-6.732), urinary red blood cell (URBC) counts ≥ 30/ul (OR = 3.190, 95%CI = 1.590-6.402), mALBU ≥ 1500 mg/L(OR = 2.330, 95%CI = 1.008-5.386), eGFR < 60ml/min/1.73m2(OR = 2.295, 95%CI = 1.016-5.187), Serum IgA/C3 ratio ≥ 2.59 (OR = 2.505, 95%CI = 1.241-5.057), were independent risk factors for crescent formation. Incorporating these factors, our model achieved well-fitted calibration curves and a good C-index of 0.776 (95%CI [0.711-0.840]) in predicting crescent formation. CONCLUSIONS Our nomogram showed good calibration and was effective in predicting crescent formation risk in IgAN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuchang Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, China
| | - Qizhan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Hemodialysis, Guangzhou Charity Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianling Mai
- Department of Hemodialysis, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingjun Fang
- Department of Hemodialysis, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinxiang Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chuan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Chen H, Wang H, Li Z, Li H, Wang F, Jia J, Li D, Yan T. Effect of hematuria on the kidney disease progression in IgA nephropathy patients with mild proteinuria and well-preserved renal function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110635. [PMID: 37453157 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether hematuria is a risk factor in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with mild proteinuria and well-preserved renal function. METHODS This retrospective study included a total of 63 IgAN patients, with complete clinical data available for 50 patients. Hematuria assessment was conducted using two methods: 1) an automated method using a urine particle analyzer, and 2) a manual method performed by a skilled examiner to examine microscopic urine sediment. RESULTS The results of hematuria measurement using both automated and manual methods showed a strong linear correlation (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). In IgAN patients, those with high urinary red blood cell count (U-RBCs) exhibited higher serum IgA levels compared to patients with low U-RBCs. Additionally, patients with crescent formation had higher levels of proteinuria compared to those without crescents. Patients who received immunosuppressive treatment displayed higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), as well as lower levels of serum hemoglobin and albumin. They also had a higher prevalence of T1 lesions compared to patients who did not undergo immunosuppression. Furthermore, among patients with crescent formation, those who received immunosuppressive agents exhibited higher levels of SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MAP, and U-RBCs, as well as lower levels of albumin and proteinuria at the time of renal biopsy. No composite kidney endpoint events were observed in these groups of patients. The U-RBCs level was not identified as a risk factor influencing the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in IgAN. CONCLUSIONS The presence of hematuria at the time of biopsy was not found to be associated with kidney disease progression in IgAN patients who had mild proteinuria and well-preserved renal function. This suggests that it is possible that these patients may not derive significant benefits from immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Shuanghuan cun Street Community Health Services Center, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongfen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fanghao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Junya Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tiekun Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clinical Efficacy of Huangkui Capsule Plus Methylprednisolone for Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Its Effect on Renal Function and Serum Inflammatory Factors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:3020033. [PMID: 36865740 PMCID: PMC9974270 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of Huangkui capsule plus methylprednisolone for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and its effect on renal function and serum inflammatory factors. Methods A total of 80 patients with IgA nephropathy admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to December 2021 were recruited and assigned (1 : 1) to receive either conventional drugs + methylprednisolone tablets (observation group) or conventional drugs + methylprednisolone tablets + Huangkui capsules (experimental group), with 40 patients in each group. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy, renal function indices, serum inflammatory factor levels, and adverse events. Results The experimental group showed a significantly higher clinical efficacy versus the observation group (P < 0.05). Patients in the experimental group had significantly lower serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, fibrinogen, and 24 h urine protein levels than those in the observation group after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the experimental group showed lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) than the observation group (P < 0.05). The differences in the adverse events between the two groups did not come up to the statistical standard (P > 0.05). Conclusion Huangkui capsule + methylprednisolone provides a feasible therapeutic option for IgA nephropathy by considerably boosting patients' renal function, successfully lowering the inflammatory response, and producing a good safety profile.
Collapse
|
6
|
Toda M, Kume A, Hara M, Kimura H, Nakamura Y, Okumura K, Beppu H, Nakamura Y, Ogawa H, Kamei Y, Ishiwatari A, Kawanishi T, Ogawa T, Abe Y, Endo M, Wakai S. Efficacy and limitations of additional steroid pulse therapy in IgA nephropathy patients whose hematuria did not remit on tonsillectomy and protocol steroid pulse therapy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:859-866. [PMID: 35486336 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematuria is the essential symptom of IgA nephropathy that has been suggested to be associated with long-term renal prognosis, Tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy (TSP), which is widely practiced in Japan, is effective for achieving hematuria remission. However, some cases are refractory to TSP, and additional steroid pulse therapy (SP) administered to these cases to achieve remission of hematuria. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of additional SP is unknown. METHODS In this retrospective study, we enrolled 99 patients from Okubo Hospital whose hematuria persisted following TSP. Patients were divided into the hematuria remission and non-remission groups. A multivariate regression analysis was performed on the factors that contributed to hematuria remission. RESULTS Following TSP, 103 of 403 patients (32.3%) did not achieve hematuria remission. Additional SP were performed in 99 of these patients, and remission of hematuria was achieved in 57 (57.6%). Patients with a greater degree of improvement in hematuria with TSP were significantly more likely to have remission of hematuria with additional SP (p = 0.0084*). Even in the hematuria non-remission group, both hematuria and proteinuria improved after additional SP. CONCLUSION In IgA nephropathy, additional SP could induce hematuria remission and reduce proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Toda
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan.
| | - Aya Kume
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Masato Hara
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kimura
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Koichiro Okumura
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Hiroko Beppu
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Hina Ogawa
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kamei
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishiwatari
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawanishi
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Toshie Ogawa
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Mariko Endo
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| | - Sachiko Wakai
- Division of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488, Japan
| |
Collapse
|