Hilfsfristen des Rettungsdienstes in den deutschen Bundesländern

Veränderungen und Entwicklungen in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung: Zentrale Herausforderungen für das Rettungsdienstmanagement

Der Rettungsdienst in Deutschland und das Management der gesamten präklinischen Notfallversorgung sehen sich aktuell mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Im letzten Jahrzehnt stiegen die Einsatzzahlen in nahezu allen Rettungsdienstbereichen kontinuierlich an, so dass die Vorhaltung von Rettungsmitteln vielerorts bereits deutlich verstärkt worden ist. Das Personalmanagement fällt jedoch zunehmend schwer und auch die technischen sowie medizinischen Anforderungen wachsen stetig. Zunehmend werden Stimmen laut, die eine grundlegende Reform der Notfallversorgung fordern.

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen, Trends und zukünftigen Herausforderungen zu geben, um die Anforderungen an das heutige und zukünftige Rettungsdienstmanagement deutlich zu machen. Verschiedene Themen und Handlungsfelder wurden dazu anhand einer nichtsystematischen Literaturrecherche herausgearbeitet. Die Anforderungen an das Rettungsdienstmanagement werden iterativ zusammengeführt.

Die Herausforderungen an den Rettungsdienst sind vielfältig und komplex, ebenso die Anforderungen an dessen Management. Die heterogene und kleingliedrige Organisationsstruktur des Rettungsdienstes im Bundesgebiet stellt eine wesentliche Herausforderung für Reformprozesse dar. Fehlende wissenschaftliche Kompetenzen im Rettungsdienst erschweren die Prozessoptimierung ebenfalls. Die zunehmende Akademisierung und Erforschung des Themenfeldes sind ausdrücklich zu begrüßen.

Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations—State of the Art in Germany

In the near future, electric powered vehicles will represent a major part of the road traffic. Accordingly, there will be a natural increase of accidents involving electric vehicles. There are not many cases of such accidents yet and therefore the experience and correct handling are still partially open points for the involved parties, such as the rescue services for example. The aim of this work is to provide a complete overview of the accident handling sequence in Germany, starting with the damaged vehicle on site and moving on to the risks and challenges for the stakeholders, such as transport and recycling companies. Arising from the developed overview, a handling recommendation for yet undiscussed points is given. Especially, different extinguishing and deactivation methods are compared and discussed. Due to a lack of a common live-feed from battery data on site, other criteria have to be taken into account to assess the state of the battery. The wrecked vehicle—including the high voltage system—needs to be in a definite safe state at the handover to a towing service. Depending on the case, different options for securing the vehicle will be considered in this work.

System Criticality of Road Network Areas for Emergency Management Services—Spatial Assessment Using a Tessellation Approach

Emergency management services, such as firefighting, rescue teams and ambulances, are all heavily reliant on road networks. However, even for highly industrialised countries such as Germany, and even for large cities, spatial planning tools are lacking for road network interruptions of emergency services. Moreover, dependencies of emergency management expand not only on roads but on many other systemic interrelations, such as blockages of bridges. The first challenge this paper addresses is the development of a novel assessment that captures systemic interrelations of critical services and their dependencies explicitly designed to the needs of the emergency services. This aligns with a second challenge: capturing system nodes and areas around road networks and their geographical interrelation. System nodes, road links and city areas are integrated into a spatial grid of tessellated hexagons (also referred to as tiles) with geographical information systems. The hexagonal grid is designed to provide a simple map visualisation for emergency planners and fire brigades. Travel time planning is then optimised for accessing city areas in need by weighing impaired areas of past events based on operational incidents. The model is developed and tested with official incident data for the city of Cologne, Germany, and will help emergency managers to better device planning of resources based on this novel identification method of critical areas.