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Mohammad Taheri M, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:736. [PMID: 39103889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses a major public health burden. While existing asthma drugs manage symptoms for many, some patients remain resistant. The lack of a cure, especially for severe asthma, compels exploration of novel therapies. Cancer immunotherapy successes with CAR-T cells suggest its potential for asthma treatment. Researchers are exploring various approaches for allergic diseases including membrane-bound IgE, IL-5, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 for asthma, and Dectin-1 for fungal asthma. NK cells offer several advantages over T cells for CAR-based immunotherapy. They offer key benefits: (1) HLA compatibility, meaning they can be used in a wider range of patients without the need for matching tissue types. (2) Minimal side effects (CRS and GVHD) due to their limited persistence and cytokine profile. (3) Scalability for "off-the-shelf" production from various sources. Several strategies have been introduced that highlight the superiority and challenges of CAR-NK cell therapy for asthma treatment including IL-10, IFN-γ, ADCC, perforin-granzyme, FASL, KIR, NCRs (NKP46), DAP, DNAM-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, CCL, NKG2A, TF, and EGFR. Furthermore, we advocate for incorporating AI for CAR design optimization and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for precise gene manipulation to generate highly effective CAR constructs. This review will delve into the evolution and production of CAR designs, explore pre-clinical and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies in asthma, analyze strategies to optimize CAR-NK cell function, conduct a comparative analysis of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy with their respective challenges, and finally present established novel CAR designs with promising potential for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamseddin Athari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12th Street, Shahrake Karmandan, Zanjan, 45139-561111, Iran.
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Zhong X, Zhang F, Xiao H, Tu R. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of macrophage subpopulations contributing to chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152811. [PMID: 38941863 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer, a fatal gynecological malignancy, is primarily managed through surgery and chemotherapy. However, a significant challenge arises as patients frequently experience relapse due to chemotherapy resistance. This study delves into the complex functions and underlying mechanisms of macrophages in chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. METHOD The single-cell transcriptome sequencing data of ovarian cancer with or without chemotherapy were analyzed. Then, corresponding cell types were identified, and macrophages were extracted from all cells. Following the standardized single-cell analysis using the Seurat package, 15 distinct macrophage clusters were found and differentially expressed genes among them were analyzed. Moreover, their association with chemotherapy resistance was explored through cell proportions and gene expression. RESULT In the single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ovarian cancer tissues before and after chemotherapy, the cellular proportion of CXCL5+ macrophages, THBS1+ macrophages, and MMP9+ macrophages were significantly increased following chemotherapy. Further investigation revealed that these macrophage subpopulations upregulated the expression of multiple pro-tumorigenic angiogenic or invasive factors, in addition to CXCL5, THBS1, and MMP9, including CTSL, CXCL1, and CCL18. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed the significant activation of signaling pathways, such as NOD-like receptor, MAPK, and TNF in these macrophage subpopulations, which provides direction for studying the mechanism of these subpopulations. CONCLUSION CXCL5+, THBS1+, and MMP9+ macrophage subpopulations exhibit an increased cellular prevalence post-chemotherapy and pro-tumorigenic molecular expression profiles, suggesting a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. These findings contribute to our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of macrophages in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, providing a theoretical basis and direction for the development of therapies targeting macrophages in overcoming ovarian cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyang Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China.
| | - Ruiqing Tu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China.
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Bajželj M, Hladnik M, Blagus R, Jurčić V, Markež A, Toluay TD, Sodin-Šemrl S, Hočevar A, Lakota K. Deregulation in adult IgA vasculitis skin as the basis for the discovery of novel serum biomarkers. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:85. [PMID: 38610060 PMCID: PMC11010360 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) in adults has a variable disease course, with patients often developing gastrointestinal and renal involvement and thus contributing to higher mortality. Due to understudied molecular mechanisms in IgAV currently used biomarkers for IgAV visceral involvement are largely lacking. Our aim was to search for potential serum biomarkers based on the skin transcriptomic signature. METHODS RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on skin biopsies collected from 6 treatment-naïve patients (3 skin only and 3 renal involvement) and 3 healthy controls (HC) to get insight into deregulated processes at the transcriptomic level. 15 analytes were selected and measured based on the transcriptome analysis (adiponectin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 19, kallikrein-5, CCL3, leptin, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 5, osteopontin, interleukin (IL)-15, CXCL10, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), SERPIN A12/vaspin, IL-18 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4)) in sera of 59 IgAV and 22 HC. Machine learning was used to assess the ability of the analytes to predict IgAV and its organ involvement. RESULTS Based on the gene expression levels in the skin, we were able to differentiate between IgAV patients and HC using principal component analysis (PCA) and a sample-to-sample distance matrix. Differential expression analysis revealed 49 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in all IgAV patient's vs. HC. Patients with renal involvement had more DEGs than patients with skin involvement only (507 vs. 46 DEGs) as compared to HC, suggesting different skin signatures. Major dysregulated processes in patients with renal involvement were lipid metabolism, acute inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related processes. 11 of 15 analytes selected based on affected processes in IgAV skin (osteopontin, LBP, ANGPTL4, IL-15, FABP4, CCL19, kallikrein-5, CCL3, leptin, IL-18 and MMP1) were significantly higher (p-adj < 0.05) in IgAV serum as compared to HC. Prediction models utilizing measured analytes showed high potential for predicting adult IgAV. CONCLUSION Skin transcriptomic data revealed deregulations in lipid metabolism and acute inflammatory response, reflected also in serum analyte measurements. LBP, among others, could serve as a potential biomarker of renal complications, while adiponectin and CXCL10 could indicate gastrointestinal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Bajželj
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Jurčić
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Markež
- Master Study of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanya Deniz Toluay
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Snežna Sodin-Šemrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alojzija Hočevar
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.
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Mohammed RS, Ibrahim FM, El-Akad RH, Al-Mokaddem AK, Ahmed KA, Ashour WES, Attia HN. Antiarthritic activity of Physalis peruviana fruit extract via inhibition of inflammatory mediators: Integrated in vitro, in vivo and in silico study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117502. [PMID: 38030020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE P. peruviana fruit, native to Andean region, is cultivated worldwide for its adaptability to various soil natures and climatic conditions. It is increasingly consumed for its high nutritional profile and history of ethnomedical uses including treatment of arthritis. Little pharmacological evidences support this folk use except for previous in vitro study that reported significant inhibition of protein denaturation. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims at providing new in vivo evidence on antiarthritic activity of P. peruviana fruits in vivo that justifies its traditional use through mechanism-based experiment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Inhibition of inflammatory mediators is considered one of the key treatments to alleviate painful symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro. Serum TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 were traced using in vivo model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Gross/inflammatory changes in rat paw, relative mass indices of spleen and liver were further investigated together with joint tissue histoarchitecture. Seven metabolites from different phytochemical classes, that were previously reported in P. peruviana fruit, were evaluated in silico against TNF-α target protein (PDB ID: 2AZ5) to assess their inhibitory effect. This was followed by assessment of their drug-likeness based on Lipinski's rule according to their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. RESULTS High dose of extract (E-1000 mg) improved adjuvant-induced cachexia and attenuated immune-inflammatory responses in paw and serum parameters, with equipotent effect to MTX, in addition to minimal side effect profile on spleen and liver. Histopathological study of knee joint tissues confirmed dose-dependent improvement in arthritic groups treated with P. peruviana fruit extracts. The insilico study recommended steroidal lactones withaperuvin E/C and hydroxywithanolide E as promising lead compounds for inhibiting TNF enzyme as evidenced by docking scores of 6.301, 5.488 and 5.763 kcal/mol, respectively, fitting as well the Lipinski's rule of drug likeness. CONCLUSION The study provided novel approach that rationalize folk use of P. peruviana fruit in treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda S Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Faten M Ibrahim
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Radwa H El-Akad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Wedian E-S Ashour
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hanan N Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza- P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
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Wang M, Song J, Yang H, Wu X, Zhang J, Wang S. Gut microbiota was highly related to the immune status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3241-3256. [PMID: 38349864 PMCID: PMC10929793 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the profile of gut microbiota and immunological state in COPD patients. 80 fecal and blood samples were collected from 40 COPD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) and analyzed with 16s-rRNA gene sequencing and immunofactor omics analysis to investigate the profile of gut microbiota and immunologic factors (IFs). The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) was used to determine the biomarker's taxa. The random forest and LASSO regression analysis were executed to screen IFs and develop an IFscore model. The correlation between gut microbiota and IFs, along with the IFscore and the diversity of gut microbiota, was evaluated with the Spearman analysis. The α and β diversity showed that the composition and distribution of gut microbiota in the COPD group differed from that of the HC group. 7 differential taxa at the phylum level and 17 differential taxa at the genus level were found. LefSe analysis screened out 5 biomarker's taxa. 32 differential IFs (up-regulated 27 IFs and down-regulated 5 IFs) were identified between two groups, and 5 IFs (CCL3, CXCL9, CCL7, IL2, IL4) were used to construct an IFscore model. The Spearman analysis revealed that 29 IFs were highly related to 5 biomarker's taxa and enriched in 16 pathways. Furthermore, the relationship between the IFscore and gut microbiota diversity was very close. The gut microbiota and IFs profile in COPD patients differed from that in healthy individuals. Gut microbiota was highly related to the immune status in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhen Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jinhua Second People’s Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
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Shi W, Li X, Wang Z, Li C, Wang D, Li C. CCL3 Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing Through Recruiting Macrophages in Mice. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241264912. [PMID: 39076075 PMCID: PMC11289813 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241264912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process, which involves three stages: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Inflammation is the first step; thus, immune factors play an important regulatory role in wound healing. In this study, we focused on a chemokine, C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), which is often upregulated for expression during wound healing. We compared cutaneous wound healing at the histological, morphological, and molecular levels in the presence and absence of CCL3. The results showed that the wound healing rate in the wild-type and CCL3-/- + CCL3 mice was faster than that of CCL3-/- mice (P < 0.01), and application of CCL3 to wounds increased the healing rate. In the process of wound healing, the degree of reepithelialization and the rate of collagen deposition in the wound of CCL3-/- mice were significantly lower than those of wild-type mice (P < 0.01). The number of macrophages and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the wounds of wild-type mice were much higher than those of the CCL3-/- mice. Removal of macrophages and CCL3-/- mice share similar phenotypes. Therefore, we infer that the wound healing requires the participation of macrophages, and CCL3 may play an important regulatory role through recruiting macrophages to the wound sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Shi
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xunsheng Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
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