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Tayanloo-Beik A, Hamidpour SK, Nikkhah A, Arjmand R, Mafi AR, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Larijani B, Gilany K, Arjmand B. DNA Damage Responses, the Trump Card of Stem Cells in the Survival Game. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37923882 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells, as a group of undifferentiated cells, are enriched with self-renewal and high proliferative capacity, which have attracted the attention of many researchers as a promising approach in the treatment of many diseases over the past years. However, from the cellular and molecular point of view, the DNA repair system is one of the biggest challenges in achieving therapeutic goals through stem cell technology. DNA repair mechanisms are an advantage for stem cells that are constantly multiplying to deal with various types of DNA damage. However, this mechanism can be considered a trump card in the game of cell survival and treatment resistance in cancer stem cells, which can hinder the curability of various types of cancer. Therefore, getting a deep insight into the DNA repair system can bring researchers one step closer to achieving major therapeutic goals. The remarkable thing about the DNA repair system is that this system is not only under the control of genetic factors, but also under the control of epigenetic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of the DNA repair system in maintaining the survival of cancer stem cells from both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nicaise AM, Willis CM, Crocker SJ, Pluchino S. Stem Cells of the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:247. [PMID: 32848716 PMCID: PMC7426063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult central nervous system (CNS) contains resident stem cells within specific niches that maintain a self-renewal and proliferative capacity to generate new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood. Physiological aging is associated with a progressive loss of function and a decline in the self-renewal and regenerative capacities of CNS stem cells. Also, the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is age, and current in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases rarely consider this. Therefore, combining both aging research and appropriate interrogation of animal disease models towards the understanding of the disease and age-related stem cell failure is imperative to the discovery of new therapies. This review article will highlight the main intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of neural stem cell (NSC) aging and discuss how these factors impact normal homeostatic functions within the adult brain. We will consider established in vivo animal and in vitro human disease model systems, and then discuss the current and future trajectories of novel senotherapeutics that target aging NSCs to ameliorate brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wouters A, Ploem JP, Langie SAS, Artois T, Aboobaker A, Smeets K. Regenerative responses following DNA damage - β-catenin mediates head regrowth in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237545. [PMID: 32107291 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine. Increased replication and division, such is the case during regeneration, concomitantly increases the risk of adverse outcomes through the acquisition of mutations. Seeking for driving mechanisms of such outcomes, we challenged a pluripotent stem cell system during the tightly controlled regeneration process in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea Exposure to the genotoxic compound methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) revealed that despite a similar DNA-damaging effect along the anteroposterior axis of intact animals, responses differed between anterior and posterior fragments after amputation. Stem cell proliferation and differentiation proceeded successfully in the amputated heads, leading to regeneration of missing tissues. Stem cells in the amputated tails showed decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity. As a result, tails could not regenerate. Interference with the body-axis-associated component β-catenin-1 increased regenerative success in tail fragments by stimulating proliferation at an early time point. Our results suggest that differences in the Wnt signalling gradient along the body axis modulate stem cell responses to MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Wouters
- Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan-Pieter Ploem
- Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Vito Health, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Karen Smeets
- Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Wang Y, Lo WC, Chou CS. Modelling stem cell ageing: a multi-compartment continuum approach. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191848. [PMID: 32269805 PMCID: PMC7137970 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are important to generate all specialized tissues at an early life stage, and in some systems, they also have repair functions to replenish the adult tissues. Repeated cell divisions lead to the accumulation of molecular damage in stem cells, which are commonly recognized as drivers of ageing. In this paper, a novel model is proposed to integrate stem cell proliferation and differentiation with damage accumulation in the stem cell ageing process. A system of two structured PDEs is used to model the population densities of stem cells (including all multiple progenitors) and terminally differentiated (TD) cells. In this system, cell cycle progression and damage accumulation are modelled by continuous dynamics, and damage segregation between daughter cells is considered at each division. Analysis and numerical simulations are conducted to study the steady-state populations and stem cell damage distributions under different damage segregation strategies. Our simulations suggest that equal distribution of the damaging substance between stem cells in a symmetric renewal and less damage retention in stem cells in the asymmetric division are favourable strategies, which reduce the death rate of the stem cells and increase the TD cell populations. Moreover, asymmetric damage segregation in stem cells leads to less concentrated damage distribution in the stem cell population, which may be more robust to the stochastic changes in the damage. The feedback regulation from stem cells can reduce oscillations and population overshoot in the process, and improve the fitness of stem cells by increasing the percentage of cells with less damage in the stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wing-Cheong Lo
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ching-Shin Chou
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Song R, Acar M. Stochastic modeling of aging cells reveals how damage accumulation, repair, and cell-division asymmetry affect clonal senescence and population fitness. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:391. [PMID: 31307385 PMCID: PMC6631810 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetry during cellular division, both in the uneven partitioning of damaged cellular components and of cell volume, is a cell biological phenomenon experienced by many unicellular organisms. Previous work based on a deterministic model claimed that such asymmetry in the partitioning of cell volume and of aging-associated damage confers a fitness benefit in avoiding clonal senescence, primarily by diversifying the cellular population. However, clonal populations of unicellular organisms are already naturally diversified due to the inherent stochasticity of biological processes. RESULTS Applying a model of aging cells that accounts for natural cell-to-cell variations across a broad range of parameter values, here we show that the parameters directly controlling the accumulation and repair of damage are the most important factors affecting fitness and clonal senescence, while the effects of both segregation of damaged components and division asymmetry are frequently minimal and generally context-dependent. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that damage segregation and division asymmetry, perhaps counterintuitively, are not necessarily beneficial from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Song
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Murat Acar
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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Timilsina R, Kim JH, Nam HG, Woo HR. Temporal changes in cell division rate and genotoxic stress tolerance in quiescent center cells of Arabidopsis primary root apical meristem. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3599. [PMID: 30837647 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0936-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots provide structural support and absorb nutrients and water; therefore, their proper development and function are critical for plant survival. Extensive studies on the early stage of ontogenesis of the primary root have revealed that the root apical meristem (RAM) undergoes dynamic structural and organizational changes during early germination. Quiescent center (QC) cells, a group of slowly dividing cells at the center of the stem-cell niche, are vital for proper function and maintenance of the RAM. However, temporal aspects of molecular and cellular changes in QC cells and their regulatory mechanisms have not been well studied. In the present study, we investigated temporal changes in QC cell size, expression of QC cell-specific markers (WOX5 and QC25), and genotoxic tolerance and division rate of QC cells in the Arabidopsis primary root. Our data revealed the decreased size of QC cells and the decreased expression of the QC cell-specific markers with root age. We also found that QC cell division frequency increased with root age. Furthermore, our study provides evidence supporting the link between the transition of QC cells from a mitotically quiescent state to the frequently dividing state and the decrease in tolerance to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Timilsina
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Timilsina R, Kim JH, Nam HG, Woo HR. Temporal changes in cell division rate and genotoxic stress tolerance in quiescent center cells of Arabidopsis primary root apical meristem. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3599. [PMID: 30837647 PMCID: PMC6400898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots provide structural support and absorb nutrients and water; therefore, their proper development and function are critical for plant survival. Extensive studies on the early stage of ontogenesis of the primary root have revealed that the root apical meristem (RAM) undergoes dynamic structural and organizational changes during early germination. Quiescent center (QC) cells, a group of slowly dividing cells at the center of the stem-cell niche, are vital for proper function and maintenance of the RAM. However, temporal aspects of molecular and cellular changes in QC cells and their regulatory mechanisms have not been well studied. In the present study, we investigated temporal changes in QC cell size, expression of QC cell-specific markers (WOX5 and QC25), and genotoxic tolerance and division rate of QC cells in the Arabidopsis primary root. Our data revealed the decreased size of QC cells and the decreased expression of the QC cell-specific markers with root age. We also found that QC cell division frequency increased with root age. Furthermore, our study provides evidence supporting the link between the transition of QC cells from a mitotically quiescent state to the frequently dividing state and the decrease in tolerance to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Timilsina
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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