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Lu J, Zhang S, Yao J, Guo Z, Osenberg M, Hilger A, Markötter H, Wilde F, Manke I, Zhang X, Sun F, Cui G. Synergistic Effect of CO 2 in Accelerating the Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium/Sodium Anodes in Alkali Metal-Carbon Dioxide Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10930-10945. [PMID: 38604994 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries, which combine high theoretical energy density and environmentally friendly CO2 fixation ability, have attracted worldwide attention. Unfortunately, their electrochemical performances are usually inferior for practical applications. Aiming to reveal the underlying causes, a combinatorial usage of advanced nondestructive and postmortem characterization tools is used to intensively study the failure mechanisms of Li/Na-CO2 batteries. It is found that a porous interphase layer is formed between the separator and the Li/Na anode during the overvoltage rising and battery performance decaying process. A series of control experiments are designed to identify the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed morphological evolution of Li/Na anodes, and it is found that the CO2 synergist facilitates Li/Na chemical corrosion, the process of which is further promoted by the unwanted galvanic corrosion and the electrochemical cycling conditions. A detailed compositional analysis reveals that the as-formed interphase layers under different conditions are similar in species, with the main differences being their inconsistent quantity. Theoretical calculation results not only suggest an inherent intermolecular affinity between the CO2 and the electrolyte solvent but also provide the most thermodynamically favored CO2 reaction pathways. Based on these results, important implications for the further development of rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries are discussed. The current discoveries not only fundamentally enrich our knowledge of the failure mechanisms of rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries but also provide mechanistic directions for protecting metal anodes to build high-reversible alkali metal-CO2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyang Guo
- College of Energy Material and Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Markus Osenberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Hilger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Markötter
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Wilde
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Fu Sun
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
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Zhang Z, Han WQ. From Liquid to Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37985522 PMCID: PMC10661211 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity, are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs. Furthermore, we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering, 3D current collector design, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, application of alloyed anodes, and external field regulation to address these challenges. The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them. This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes. Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface, leading to increased interface inhomogeneity-a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Based on recent research works, this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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Wu W, Bo Y, Li D, Liang Y, Zhang J, Cao M, Guo R, Zhu Z, Ci L, Li M, Zhang J. Safe and Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by an Amide-Based Electrolyte. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:44. [PMID: 35020069 PMCID: PMC8753956 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel amide-based nonflammable electrolyte is proposed. The formation mechanism and solvation chemistry are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. An inorganic/organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase with an abundance of LiF, Li3N and Li-N-C is in situ formed, leading to spherical lithium deposition. The amide-based electrolyte can enable stable cycling performance at room temperature and 60 ℃. The formation of lithium dendrites and the safety hazards arising from flammable liquid electrolytes have seriously hindered the development of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. Herein, an emerging amide-based electrolyte is proposed, containing LiTFSI and butyrolactam in different molar ratios. 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylether and fluoroethylene carbonate are introduced into the amide-based electrolyte as counter solvent and additives. The well-designed amide-based electrolyte possesses nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, high thermal stability and electrochemical stability (> 4.7 V). Besides, an inorganic/organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase with an abundance of LiF, Li3N and Li-N-C is in situ formed, leading to spherical lithium deposition. The formation mechanism and solvation chemistry of amide-based electrolyte are further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. When applied in Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 cathode, the amide-based electrolyte can enable stable cycling performance at room temperature and 60 ℃. This study provides a new insight into the development of amide-based electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Wu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Bo
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Liang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2343, USA
| | - Miaomiao Cao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Guo
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenye Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Ci
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyu Li
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Current studies in the Li-battery field are focusing on building systems with higher energy density than ever before. The path toward this goal, however, should not ignore aspects such as safety, stability, and cycling life. These issues frequently originate from interfacial instability, and therefore, precise surface chemistry that allows for accurate control of material surface and interfaces is much in demand for advanced battery research. Molecular self-assembly as a surface chemistry tool is considered to surpass many conventional coating techniques due to its intrinsic merits such as spontaneous organization, molecular-scale uniformity, and structural diversity. Recent publications have demonstrated the power of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in addressing pressing issues in the battery field such as the chemical stability of Li, but many more investigations are needed to fully explore the potential and impact of this technique on energy storage. This perspective is the first of its kind devoted to SAMs in batteries and related materials. Recent research progress on SAMs in batteries is reviewed and mainly falls in two categories, including the improvement of chemical stability and the regulation of nucleation in conversion electrode reactions. Future applications and consideration of SAMs in energy storage are discussed. We believe these summaries and outlooks are highly stimulative and may benefit future advancements in battery chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowei Yi
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Mao
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and in situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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