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Zhu Y, Wang C, Guo D, Chen X, Wang S. Solid-State Electrolytes: Probing Interface Regulation from Multiple Perspectives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43114-43133. [PMID: 39110026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), as the heart of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), are recognized as the next-generation energy storage solution, offering high safety, extended cycle life, and superior energy density. SSEs play a pivotal role in ion transport and electron separation. Nonetheless, interface compatibility and stability issues pose significant obstacles to further enhancing ASSB performance. Extensive research has demonstrated that interface control methods can effectively elevate ASSB performance. This review delves into the advancements and recent progress of SSEs in interfacial engineering over the past years. We discuss the detailed effects of various regulation strategies and directions on performance, encompassing enhancing Li+ mobility, reducing energy barriers, immobilizing anions, introducing interlayers, and constructing unique structures. This review offers fresh perspectives on the development of high-performance lithium-metal ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Daying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xi'an Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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Huang ZX, Zhang T, Zhang ZP, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Highly Ionic Conductive, Self-Healing, Li 10GeP 2S 12-Filled Composite Solid Electrolytes Based on Reversibly Interlocked Macromolecule Networks for Lithium Metal Batteries with Improved Cycling Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:42736-42747. [PMID: 39082474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Ceramic-polymer composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have attracted great attention by combining the advantages of polymer electrolytes and inorganic ceramic electrolytes. Herein, Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) particles are incorporated into poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based reversibly interlocked polymer networks (RILNs) derived from the topological rearrangement of two PEO networks cross-linked by reversible imine bonds and disulfide linkages. A series of highly ionic conductive, self-healing CSEs are obtained accordingly. The interlocking architecture successfully inhibits PEO crystallization, increasing the amorphous phase for Li ion transportation, and stabilizes the conductive pathways of LGPS particles by its unique confinement effect. Meanwhile, the LGPS particles cooperate with the RILN matrix, forming a filler-polymer interfacial phase for additional Li ion transportation and strengthening and toughening the resultant CSEs via the strong intermolecular Li+-O2- interactions. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the included reversible bonds ensure a multiple intrinsic self-healing capability. Consequently, the CSEs containing 15 wt % LGPS deliver a high ionic conductivity (1.06 × 10-3 S cm-1) and high Li ion transference number (∼0.6) at 25 °C, a wide electrochemical stability window (>4.9 V), good mechanical properties (0.63 MPa, 377%), and a stable CSE/Li anode interface. The integrated Li/CSE/LiFePO4 battery exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 110.8 mAh g-1 at 1 C (25 °C) and a capacity retention of 76.9% after 200 cycles. Thanks to the healability, the damaged CSEs can regain the structural integrity, ion conductive capability, and cycling performance of the assembled cells. The present work provides an effective strategy to fabricate CSEs for lithium metal batteries that are workable at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ze Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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3
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Lai WC, Liu LJ, Tseng SJ. Green Polymer Electrolytes Prepared by a Cost-Effective Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16492-16501. [PMID: 39046930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) typically involves incorporating fillers or undergoing chemical modifications to reduce crystallinity and enhance conductivity. PEO with a lower molecular weight, known as polyethylene glycol (PEG), exhibits higher conductivity, despite weaker mechanical strength. It is commonly employed as a plasticizer to improve the conductivity of SPEs or to fabricate PEG-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). In this study, we use a straightforward approach to create innovative SPEs by blending liquid polymer electrolytes (LPEs), particularly low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG), with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, and sustainable poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). Solid PEG/PLLA forms are achieved by introducing 30 wt % of PLLA. Subsequently, the addition of lithium salts results in the development of novel PEG/PLLA SPEs. Another focal point of this study involves incorporating 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) into these PEG/PLLA systems. DBS, an organic gelator derived from natural sugars, demonstrates self-assembly, leading to the formation of a nanofibrillar network structure. Leveraging DBS's ability to form organogels in liquid organic environments, we facilitate the transformation of low PLLA content LPEs into innovative solvent-free GPEs. Our prepared PEG/PLLA SPEs exhibited a maximum conductivity value of 4.39 × 10-5 S/cm, approximately five times higher than that of neat PEG (10000 g/mol) SPEs. The ionic conductivity exhibited a declining trend as the content of PLLA and DBS increased. However, there was an improvement in electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the incorporation of PLLA and DBS into electrolytes contributed to enhanced mechanical support and stability within the electrolyte layer. This, in turn, mitigated capacity decay and improved the cycling performance of assembled lithium-ion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Jhen Tseng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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You J, Wang Q, Wei R, Deng L, Hu Y, Niu L, Wang J, Zheng X, Li J, Zhou Y, Li JT. Boosting High-Voltage Practical Lithium Metal Batteries with Tailored Additives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:257. [PMID: 39073457 PMCID: PMC11286617 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The lithium (Li) metal anode is widely regarded as an ideal anode material for high-energy-density batteries. However, uncontrolled Li dendrite growth often leads to unfavorable interfaces and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), limiting its broader application. Herein, an ether-based electrolyte (termed FGN-182) is formulated, exhibiting ultra-stable Li metal anodes through the incorporation of LiFSI and LiNO3 as dual salts. The synergistic effect of the dual salts facilitates the formation of a highly robust SEI film with fast Li+ transport kinetics. Notably, Li||Cu half cells exhibit an average CE reaching up to 99.56%. In particular, pouch cells equipped with high-loading lithium cobalt oxide (LCO, 3 mAh cm-2) cathodes, ultrathin Li chips (25 μm), and lean electrolytes (5 g Ah-1) demonstrate outstanding cycling performance, retaining 80% capacity after 125 cycles. To address the gas issue in the cathode under high voltage, cathode additives 1,3,6-tricyanohexane is incorporated with FGN-182; the resulting high-voltage LCO||Li (4.4 V) pouch cells can cycle steadily over 93 cycles. This study demonstrates that, even with the use of ether-based electrolytes, it is possible to simultaneously achieve significant improvements in both high Li utilization and electrolyte tolerance to high voltage by exploring appropriate functional additives for both the cathode and anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai You
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhong Wei
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Niu
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Fan W, Cui K, Gou J, Huang Y. Design of Ultrathin Asymmetric Composite Electrolytes for Interfacial Stable Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17890-17900. [PMID: 38917480 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin composite electrolytes hold great promise for high energy density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, finding an electrolyte that can simultaneously balance the interfacial stability of the lithium anode and high-voltage cathode is challenging. The present study utilized the both-side tape casting technique to fabricate ultrathin asymmetric composite electrolytes reinforced with polyimide (PI) fiber membrane, with a thickness of 26.8 μm. The implementation of this asymmetric structural design enables SSLMBs to attain favorable interfacial characteristics, such as exceptional resistance to lithium dendrite puncture and compatibility with high voltages. The suppression of lithium dendrite growth and the extension of the cycle life of lithium symmetric batteries by 4000 h are both experimental and theoretically demonstrated under the dual confinement of PI fiber membrane and Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic fibers. Furthermore, the integration of multicomponent solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interface interfacial layers into the lithium anode and high-voltage cathode enhance theirs cycling stability. With a gravimetric/volumetric energy density of 333.1 Wh kg-1/713.2 Wh L-1, the assembled LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 pouch cell demonstrates exceptional safety. The extensive application of this design concept to SSLMBs enables the resolution of electrode/electrolyte interface issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanqing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingren Gou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Liu Y, Wang S, Chen W, Kong W, Wang S, Liu H, Ding L, Ding LX, Wang H. 5.1 µm Ion-Regulated Rigid Quasi-Solid Electrolyte Constructed by Bridging Fast Li-Ion Transfer Channels for Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401837. [PMID: 38682617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An ultra-thin quasi-solid electrolyte (QSE) with dendrite-inhibiting properties is a requirement for achieving high energy density quasi-solid lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, a 5.1 µm rigid QSE layer is directly designed on the cathode, in which Kevlar (poly(p-phenylene terephthalate)) nanofibers (KANFs) with negatively charged groups bridging metal-organic framework (MOF) particles are served as a rigid skeleton, and non-flammable deep eutectic solvent is selected to be encapsulated into the MOF channels, combined with in situ polymerization to complete safe electrolyte system with high rigidness and stability. The QSE with constructed topological network demonstrates high rigidity (5.4 GPa), high ionic conductivity (0.73 mS cm-1 at room temperature), good ion-regulated properties, and improved structural stability, contributing to homogenized Li-ion flux, excellent dendrite suppression, and prolonged cyclic performance for LMB. Additionally, ion regulation influences the Li deposition behavior, exhibiting a uniform morphology on the Li-metal surface after cycling. According to density-functional theory, KANFs bridging MOFs as hosts play a vital function in the free-state and fast diffusion dynamics of Li-ions. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing ultrathin robust electrolytes with a novel ionic conduction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shupei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haixing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Xin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Ji C, Wu S, Tang F, Yu Y, Hung F, Wei Q. Cationic cellulose nanofiber solid electrolytes: A pathway to high lithium-ion migration and polysulfide adsorption for lithium-sulfur batteries. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122075. [PMID: 38616096 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) solid electrolytes, acknowledged for their safety advantages over liquid counterparts, confront inherent challenges, including low ionic conductivity, restricted lithium ion migration, and mechanical fragility, notably pronounced in lithium‑sulfur batteries due to the polysulfide shuttling phenomenon. To address these limitations, we integrate a quaternary ammonium cation-modified cellulose (QACC) nanofiber, electrospun with cellulose acetate (CA) from recycled cigarette filters, into the PEO electrolyte matrix. The nitrogen atom within the quaternary ammonium group exhibits a pronounced affinity for polysulfide compounds, effectively curtailing polysulfide migration. Concurrently, Lewis acid-base interactions between quaternary ammonium groups and lithium salt anions facilitate the release of additional Li+, achieving a lithium-ion transference number 1.5 times higher than its pure PEO counterpart. Furthermore, the introduction of a larger trifluoromethanesulfonimide (TFSI) group on the QACC macromolecule (TFSI-QACC) disrupts the ordered arrangement of PEO macromolecules, resulting in a noteworthy enhancement in ionic conductivity, reaching 2.07 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C, thus addressing the challenge of low PEO electrolyte conductivity. Moreover, the nanofiber enhances the mechanical strength of the PEO electrolyte from 0.49 to 7.50 MPa, mitigating safety concerns related to lithium dendrites puncturing the electrolyte. Consequently, the composite PEO demonstrates exemplary performance in lithium symmetrical batteries, enduring 500 h of continuous operation and completing 100 cycles at both room and elevated temperatures. This integrated approach, transitioning from waste to wealth, adeptly addresses a spectrum of challenges in the efficiency of solid-state electrolytes, holding considerable promise for advancing lithium‑sulfur battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuanglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fenglin Hung
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China..
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Liu J, Yin F, Mao Y, Sun C. Fluorine-Doped Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Fiber-Based Composite Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Batteries with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31191-31200. [PMID: 38842130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Garnet-based electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and excellent stability against lithium metal anodes are promising for commercial applications in solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). However, the further development of SSLBs is inhibited by issues such as low ionic conductivity and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth. Herein, we report the synthesis of fluorine-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO-F0.2) fibers by electrospinning and the subsequent calcination at high temperatures. The solid composite electrolyte with LLZO-F0.2 exhibits an ionic conductivity of 5.37 × 10-4 S cm-1 and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.61 at room temperature. Meanwhile, it exhibits lower resistance and more uniform lithium metal stripping and deposition in symmetric cells. The full cell with LiFePO4 cathode exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling stability for 800 cycles at 0.5 C with a discharge specific capacity retention of 97.7%. This fluorine-doped fibrous garnet-type electrolyte provides a viable option for preparing high-performance SSLBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Yin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhen Mao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chunwen Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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9
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He S, Fang Z, Liu D, Liu Y, Yang S, Wang H, Shen Z, Chen S, Fan XH. Impact of self-assembled structure on ionic conductivity of an azobenzene-containing electrolyte. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15987-15993. [PMID: 38765478 PMCID: PMC11099987 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The type of self-assembled structure has a significant impact on the ionic conductivity of block copolymer or liquid crystalline (LC) ion conductors. In this study, we focus on the effect of self-assembled structures on the ionic conductivity of a non-block copolymer, LC ion conductor, which is a mixture of an azobenzene monomer (NbAzo), pentaerythritol tetre(3-mercapropionate) (PETMP), and a lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI). The self-assembled structures and ionic conductivities of ion conductors having different doping ratios of lithium salt to monomer were examined. With the increase in the doping ratio, the self-assembled structure transforms from lamellae (LAM) to double gyroid (GYR). The effect of self-assembled structure on ionic conductivity was analyzed; it was found that the conductivity of the GYR structure was about 3.6 times that of the LAM one, indicating that obtaining the GYR structure is more effective in improving ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhifan Fang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Shichu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Shuangjun Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xing-He Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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10
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Emadi H, Baghani M, Masoudi Rad M, Hoomehr B, Baniassadi M, Lotfian S. 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone-Based Containing Calcium Zirconium Silicate: Bioactive Scaffold for Accelerating Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1389. [PMID: 38794582 PMCID: PMC11125223 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an essential clinical need to develop rapid process scaffolds to repair bone defects. The current research presented the development of calcium zirconium silicate/polycaprolactone for bone tissue engineering utilising melt extrusion-based 3D printing. Calcium zirconium silicate (CZS) nanoparticles were added to polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds to enhance their biological and mechanical properties, while the resulting properties were studied extensively. No significant difference was found in the melting point of the samples, while the crystallisation temperature points of the samples containing bioceramic increased from 36.1 to 40.2 °C. Thermal degradation commenced around 350 °C for all materials. According to our results, increasing the CZS content from 0 to 40 wt.% (PC40) in porous scaffolds (porosity about 55-62%) improved the compressive strength from 2.8 to 10.9 MPa. Furthermore, apatite formation ability in SBF solution increased significantly by enhancing the CZS percentage. According to MTT test results, the viability of MG63 cells improved remarkably (~29%) in PC40 compared to pure PCL. These findings suggest that a 3D-printed PCL/CZS composite scaffold can be fabricated successfully and shows great potential as an implantable material for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Emadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran;
| | - Mostafa Baghani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran;
| | - Maryam Masoudi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Bahareh Hoomehr
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran;
| | - Saeid Lotfian
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
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11
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Zhang Z, Gou J, Cui K, Zhang X, Yao Y, Wang S, Wang H. 12.6 μm-Thick Asymmetric Composite Electrolyte with Superior Interfacial Stability for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:181. [PMID: 38668771 PMCID: PMC11052750 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) show great promise in terms of high-energy-density and high-safety performance. However, there is an urgent need to address the compatibility of electrolytes with high-voltage cathodes/Li anodes, and to minimize the electrolyte thickness to achieve high-energy-density of SSLMBs. Herein, we develop an ultrathin (12.6 µm) asymmetric composite solid-state electrolyte with ultralight areal density (1.69 mg cm-2) for SSLMBs. The electrolyte combining a garnet (LLZO) layer and a metal organic framework (MOF) layer, which are fabricated on both sides of the polyethylene (PE) separator separately by tape casting. The PE separator endows the electrolyte with flexibility and excellent mechanical properties. The LLZO layer on the cathode side ensures high chemical stability at high voltage. The MOF layer on the anode side achieves a stable electric field and uniform Li flux, thus promoting uniform Li+ deposition. Thanks to the well-designed structure, the Li symmetric battery exhibits an ultralong cycle life (5000 h), and high-voltage SSLMBs achieve stable cycle performance. The assembled pouch cells provided a gravimetric/volume energy density of 344.0 Wh kg-1/773.1 Wh L-1. This simple operation allows for large-scale preparation, and the design concept of ultrathin asymmetric structure also reveals the future development direction of SSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingren Gou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Nguyen AG, Lee MH, Kim J, Park CJ. Construction of a High-Performance Composite Solid Electrolyte Through In-Situ Polymerization within a Self-Supported Porous Garnet Framework. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:83. [PMID: 38214803 PMCID: PMC10786791 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have emerged as promising candidates for safe and high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, concurrently achieving exceptional ionic conductivity and interface compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode presents a significant challenge in the development of high-performance CSEs for SSLMBs. To overcome these challenges, we present a method involving the in-situ polymerization of a monomer within a self-supported porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZT) to produce the CSE. The synergy of the continuous conductive LLZT network, well-organized polymer, and their interface can enhance the ionic conductivity of the CSE at room temperature. Furthermore, the in-situ polymerization process can also construct the integration and compatibility of the solid electrolyte-solid electrode interface. The synthesized CSE exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.117 mS cm-1, a significant lithium transference number of 0.627, and exhibited electrochemical stability up to 5.06 V vs. Li/Li+ at 30 °C. Moreover, the Li|CSE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell delivered a discharge capacity of 105.1 mAh g-1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and 30 °C, corresponding to a capacity retention of 61%. This methodology could be extended to a variety of ceramic, polymer electrolytes, or battery systems, thereby offering a viable strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of CSEs for high-energy-density SSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Giang Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jaekook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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13
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Sun B, Bao K, Wang P, Liu K, Wu H, Jin Y. Toward Stimulating the Chemistry Process for Garnet Electrolyte-Based Molten Li-S Batteries: Modulation of the End-Product in the Cathode with High Loading. ACS NANO 2024; 18:210-219. [PMID: 38117281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low self-discharge rate, no intermediate product dissolution in the cathode, and easy recycle of electrode materials, solid electrolyte-based molten lithium sulfur batteries can be one of the highly anticipated advanced electrochemical chemistry technologies for grid-scale energy storage. However, the actual energy density and reversibility of them still face severe challenges for low active materials loading and the inherent low conductivity of sulfur and its end-products. In this work, with the iodide modulation effect, small size (∼5 nm for the primary particles) and low relative crystallinity discharge end-products in the sulfur cathode can be formed, contributing to the immense specific capacity and reversibility. As validated by theoretical calculations, iodide ions in the homogeneous molten composite cathode display a profound comprehensive effect on the chemical reaction and cycling stability. As a result, high sulfur loading (over 80 mg cm-2) with a significant utilization rate can be achieved, corresponding to a single Li-S cell of 1.39 Ah and a volumetric energy density of 528.5 Wh L-1 based on the overall cell volume; simultaneously, a prominent cycling stability during 300 cycles along with an impressive reversibility is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - KangKang Bao
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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14
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Thomas F, Mahdi L, Lemaire J, Santos DMF. Technological Advances and Market Developments of Solid-State Batteries: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:239. [PMID: 38204092 PMCID: PMC10779501 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Batteries are essential in modern society as they can power a wide range of devices, from small household appliances to large-scale energy storage systems. Safety concerns with traditional lithium-ion batteries prompted the emergence of new battery technologies, among them solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering enhanced safety, energy density, and lifespan. This paper reviews current state-of-the-art SSB electrolyte and electrode materials, as well as global SSB market trends and key industry players. Solid-state electrolytes used in SSBs include inorganic solid electrolytes, organic solid polymer electrolytes, and solid composite electrolytes. Inorganic options like lithium aluminum titanium phosphate excel in ionic conductivity and thermal stability but exhibit mechanical fragility. Organic alternatives such as polyethylene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride offer flexibility but possess lower ionic conductivity. Solid composite electrolytes combine the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. While significant advances have been made for composite electrolytes, challenges remain for synthesis intricacies and material stability. Nuanced selection of these electrolytes is crucial for advancing resilient and high-performance SSBs. Furthermore, while global SSB production capacity is currently below 2 GWh, it is projected to grow with a >118% compound annual growth rate by 2035, when the potential SSB market size will likely exceed 42 billion euros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Thomas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.T.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Lauren Mahdi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.T.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Julien Lemaire
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.T.); (L.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Diogo M. F. Santos
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Cai M, Zheng C, Li J, Shi C, Yin R, Ren Z, Hu J, Li Y, He C, Zhang Q, Ren X. Revealing the role of hydrogen bond coupling structure for enhanced performance of the solid-state electrolyte. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:529-539. [PMID: 37607415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving practical applications of PEO-based composite solid electrolyte (CPE) batteries requires the precise design of filler structures at the molecular level to form stable composite interfacial phases, which in turn improve the conductivity of Li+ and inhibit the nucleation growth of lithium dendrites. Some functional fillers suffer from severe agglomeration due to poor compatibility with the polymer base or grain boundary migration, resulting in limited improvement in cell performance. In this paper, ILs@KAP1 is reported as a filler to enhance the performance of PEO-based batteries. Thereinto, the hypercrosslinked phosphorus ligand polymer-containing KAP1, designed at the molecular level, has an abundant porous structure, hydrogen bonding network, and a rigid skeleton structure of benzene rings. These can be used both to improve the flammability with PEO-based and to reduce the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte. Ionic liquids (ILs) are encapsulated in the nanochannels of KAP1, and thus a 3D Li+ conducting framework could be formed. In this case, it could not only facilitate the wettability of the contact interface with the electrode, significantly promoting its compatibility and providing a fast Li+ transport path, but also facilitate the formation of LiF, Li3N and Li2O rich SEI components, further fostering the uniform deposition/exfoliation of lithium. The LFP||CPE||Li battery assembled with ILs@KAP1-PEO-CPE has a high initial discharge specific capacity about 156 mAh/g at 1C and a remaining capacity about 121.8 mAh/g after 300 cycles (capacity retention of 78.07%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Changyong Zheng
- Shanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group) Co., Ltd., Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Xi'an Clean Energy (Chemical) Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, PR China
| | - Jixiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Chuan Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Ruonan Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yongliang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China.
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16
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Zhang Z, Han WQ. From Liquid to Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37985522 PMCID: PMC10661211 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity, are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs. Furthermore, we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering, 3D current collector design, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, application of alloyed anodes, and external field regulation to address these challenges. The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them. This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes. Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface, leading to increased interface inhomogeneity-a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Based on recent research works, this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ji D, Kim J. Trend of Developing Aqueous Liquid and Gel Electrolytes for Sustainable, Safe, and High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 37930432 PMCID: PMC10628089 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity. The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern. Water-based (aqueous) electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes. However, a narrow electrochemical-stability window, water decomposition, and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes. Therefore, developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable, safe, high-performance LIBs remains challenging. This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes-separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs, encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes. These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts, concentrated diluents, polymer additives, polymer networks, and artificial passivation layers, which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes. In addition, this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte-electrode interfaces. A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Yoon DI, Mulay N, Baltazar J, Cao DK, Perez V, Nelson Weker J, Lee MH, Miller RD, Oh D, Lee SJJ. Softening of PEO-LiTFSI/LLZTO Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries under Cyclic Compression. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:9400-9408. [PMID: 37779902 PMCID: PMC10538521 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) strike an effective balance between ionic conductivity and mechanical flexibility for lithium-ion solid-state batteries. Long-term performance, however, is limited by capacity fading after hundreds of charge and discharge cycles. The causes of performance degradation include multiple contributing factors such as dendrite formation, physicochemical changes in electrolytes, and structural remodeling of porous electrodes. Among the many factors that contribute to performance degradation, the effect of stress specifically on the composite electrolyte is not well understood. This study examines the mechanical changes in a poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte with bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide. Two different sizes of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 particles (500 nm and 5 μm) are compared to evaluate the effect of the surface-to-volume ratio of the ion-conducting fillers within the composite. Cyclic compression was applied to mimic stress cycling in the electrolyte, which would be caused by asymmetric volume changes that occur during charging and discharging cycles. The electrolytes exhibited fatigue softening, whereby the compressive modulus gradually decreased with an increase in the number of cycles. When the electrolyte was tested for 500 cycles at 30% compressive strain, the compressive modulus of the electrolyte was reduced to approximately 80% of the modulus before cycling. While the extent of softening was similar regardless of particle size, CPEs with 500 nm particles exhibited a significant reduction in ionic conductivity after cyclic compression (1.4 × 10-7 ± 2.3 × 10-8 vs 1.1 × 10-7 ± 2.0 × 10-8 S/cm, mean ± standard deviation, n = 4), whereas there was no significant change in ionic conductivity for CPEs with 5 μm particles. These observations -performed deliberately in the absence of charge-discharge cycles -show that repetitive mechanical stresses can play a significant role in altering the performance of CPEs, thereby revealing another possible mechanism for performance degradation in all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-il Yoon
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San
Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192-0082, United States
| | - Nishad Mulay
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State
University, One Washington
Square, San Jose, California 95192-0087, United
States
| | - Jericko Baltazar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State
University, One Washington
Square, San Jose, California 95192-0087, United
States
| | - Dang Khoa Cao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State
University, One Washington
Square, San Jose, California 95192-0087, United
States
| | - Valeria Perez
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San
Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192-0082, United States
| | - Johanna Nelson Weker
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Min Hwan Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, California 95340, United States
| | - Robert D. Miller
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, 496 Lomita
Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dahyun Oh
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San
Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192-0082, United States
| | - Sang-Joon John Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, San Jose State
University, One Washington
Square, San Jose, California 95192-0087, United
States
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