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Shi M, Lei C, Wang H, Jiang P, Xu C, Yang W, He X, Liang X. Molecule Engineering of Sugar Derivatives as Electrolyte Additives for Deep-Reversible Zn Metal Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407261. [PMID: 38842470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The cycling performance of zinc-ion batteries is greatly affected by dendrite formation and side reactions on zinc anode, particularly in scenarios involving high depth of discharge (DOD) and low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratios in full cells. Herein, drawing upon principles of host-guest interaction chemistry, we investigate the impact of molecular structure of electrolyte additives, specifically the -COOH and -OH groups, on the zinc negative electrode through molecular design. Our findings reveal that molecules containing these groups exhibit strong adsorption onto zinc anode surfaces and chelate with Zn2+, forming a H2O-poor inner Helmholtz plane. This effectively suppresses side reactions and promotes dendrite-free zinc deposition of exposed (002) facets, enhancing stability and reversibility of an average coulombic efficiency of 99.89 % with the introduction of Lactobionic acid (LA) additive. Under harsh conditions of 92 % DOD, Zn//Zn cells exhibit stable cycling at challenging current densities of 15 mA ⋅ cm-2. Even at a low N/P ratio of 1.3, Zn//NH4V4O10 full cells with LA electrolyte exhibit high-capacity retention of 73 % after 300 cycles, significantly surpassing that of the blank electrolyte. Moreover, in a conversion type Zn//Br static battery with a high areal capacity (~5 mAh ⋅ cm-2), LA electrolyte sustains an improved cycling stability of 700 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chengjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Pengjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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2
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Ju Z, Zheng T, Zhang B, Yu G. Interfacial chemistry in multivalent aqueous batteries: fundamentals, challenges, and advances. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158505 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems, aqueous batteries are attracting great interest due to their advantages of high safety, high sustainability, and low costs when compared with commercial lithium-ion batteries, showing great promise for grid-scale energy storage. This invited tutorial review aims to provide universal design principles to address the critical challenges at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces faced by various multivalent aqueous battery systems. Specifically, deposition regulation, ion flux homogenization, and solvation chemistry modulation are proposed as the key principles to tune the inter-component interactions in aqueous batteries, with corresponding interfacial design strategies and their underlying working mechanisms illustrated. In the end, we present a critical analysis on the remaining obstacles necessitated to overcome for the use of aqueous batteries under different practical conditions and provide future prospects towards further advancement of sustainable aqueous energy storage systems with high energy and long durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Tianrui Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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3
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Cao J, Zhao F, Guan W, Yang X, Zhao Q, Gao L, Ren X, Wu G, Liu A. Additives for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress, Mechanism Analysis, and Future Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400221. [PMID: 38586921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) stand out as a promising next-generation electrochemical energy storage technology, offering notable advantages such as high specific capacity, enhanced safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, the application of aqueous electrolytes introduces challenges: Zn dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the anode, as well as dissolution, electrostatic interaction, and by-product formation at the cathode. In addressing these electrode-centric problems, additive engineering has emerged as an effective strategy. This review delves into the latest advancements in electrolyte additives for ZIBs, emphasizing their role in resolving the existing issues. Key focus areas include improving morphology and reducing side reactions during battery cycling using synergistic effects of modulating anode interface regulation, zinc facet control, and restructuring of hydrogen bonds and solvation sheaths. Special attention is given to the efficacy of amino acids and zwitterions due to their multifunction to improve the cycling performance of batteries concerning cycle stability and lifespan. Additionally, the recent additive advancements are studied for low-temperature and extreme weather applications meticulously. This review concludes with a holistic look at the future of additive engineering, underscoring its critical role in advancing ZIB performance amidst the complexities and challenges of electrolyte additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
- Leicester International Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qidong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Liguo Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Anmin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
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4
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Wu H, Luo S, Wang H, Li L, Fang Y, Zhang F, Gao X, Zhang Z, Yuan W. A Review of Anode Materials for Dual-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 39046572 PMCID: PMC11269562 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Distinct from "rocking-chair" lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries (DIBs) endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost, high voltage, and eco-friendly, which is attracting widespread attention, and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications. Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs, in fact, to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material, the anode materials play a very important role, and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization. A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future. Here, we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems. Moreover, the structural design, reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed. Finally, the fundamental challenges, potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward. It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobing Fang
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
- Zhuhai Modern Industrial Innovation Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Zhuhai, 519125, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liu L, Wang X, Hu Z, Wang X, Zheng Q, Han C, Xu J, Xu X, Liu HK, Dou SX, Li W. Electric Double Layer Regulator Design through a Functional Group Assembly Strategy towards Long-Lasting Zinc Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405209. [PMID: 38712643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Regulating the electric double layer (EDL) structure of the zinc metal anode by using electrolyte additives is an efficient way to suppress interface side reactions and facilitate uniform zinc deposition. Nevertheless, there are no reports investigating the proactive design of EDL-regulating additives before the start of experiments. Herein, a functional group assembly strategy is proposed to design electrolyte additives for modulating the EDL, thereby realizing a long-lasting zinc metal anode. Specifically, by screening ten common functional groups, N, N-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide (IS) is designed by assembling an imidazole group, characterized by its high adsorption capability on the zinc anode, and a sulfone group, which exhibits strong binding with Zn2+ ions. Benefiting from the adsorption functionalization of the imidazole group, the IS molecules occupy the position of H2O in the inner Helmholtz layer of the EDL, forming a molecular protective layer to inhibit H2O-induced side reactions. Meanwhile, the sulfone group in IS, acting as a binding site to Zn2+, promotes the de-solvation of Zn2+ ions, facilitating compact zinc deposition. Consequently, the utilization of IS significantly extending the cycling stability of Zn||Zn and Zn||NaV3O8 ⋅ 1.5H2O full cell. This study offers an innovative approach to the design of EDL regulators for high-performance zinc metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Zewei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Qingqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jiantie Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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6
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Zhang S, Gou Q, Chen W, Luo H, Yuan R, Wang K, Hu K, Wang Z, Wang C, Liu R, Zhang Z, Lei Y, Zheng Y, Wang L, Wan F, Li B, Li M. Co-Regulating Solvation Structure and Hydrogen Bond Network via Bio-Inspired Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404968. [PMID: 39033539 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The feasibility of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage is hindered by the inherent challenges of Zn anode. Drawing inspiration from cellular mechanisms governing metal ion and nutrient transport, erythritol is introduced, a zincophilic additive, into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This innovation stabilizes the Zn anode via chelation interactions between polysaccharides and Zn2+. Experimental tests in conjunction with theoretical calculation results verified that the erythritol additive can simultaneously regulate the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and reconstruct the hydrogen bond network within the solution environment. Additionally, erythritol molecules preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, forming a dynamic protective layer. These modifications significantly mitigate undesirable side reactions, thus enhancing the Zn2+ transport and deposition behavior. Consequently, there is a notable increase in cumulative capacity, reaching 6000 mA h cm⁻2 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2. Specifically, a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.72% and long cycling stability of >500 cycles are obtained at 2 mA cm-2 and 1 mA h cm-2. Furthermore, full batteries comprised of MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in an erythritol-containing electrolyte deliver superior capacity retention. This work provides a strategy to promote the performance of Zn anodes toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qianzhi Gou
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Haoran Luo
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ruduan Yuan
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Changding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Fu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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7
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Wu D, Huang Y, Hu Z. Rescuing zinc anode-electrolyte interface: mechanisms, theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7010-7033. [PMID: 38756795 PMCID: PMC11095385 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The research interest in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) has been surging due to the advantages of safety, abundance, and high electrochemical performance. However, some technique issues, such as dendrites, hydrogen evolution reaction, and corrosion, severely prohibit the development of AZIBs in practical utilizations. The underlying mechanisms regarding electrochemical performance deterioration and structure degradation are too complex to understand, especially when it comes to zinc metal anode-electrolyte interface. Recently, theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations have played a crucial role in AZIBs and are exploited to guide the research on electrolyte engineering and solid electrolyte interphase. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current state of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the zinc plating/stripping process and underscore the importance of theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations in mechanism research. Finally, we summarize the challenges and opportunities for AZIBs in practical applications, especially as a stationary energy storage and conversion device in a smart grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Dianlun Wu
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
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8
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Li D, Guo Y, Zhang C, Chen X, Zhang W, Mei S, Yao CJ. Unveiling Organic Electrode Materials in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: From Structural Design to Electrochemical Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:194. [PMID: 38743294 PMCID: PMC11093963 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the most compelling alternatives of lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety and economics viability. In response to the growing demand for green and sustainable energy storage solutions, organic electrodes with the scalability from inexpensive starting materials and potential for biodegradation after use have become a prominent choice for AZIBs. Despite gratifying progresses of organic molecules with electrochemical performance in AZIBs, the research is still in infancy and hampered by certain issues due to the underlying complex electrochemistry. Strategies for designing organic electrode materials for AZIBs with high specific capacity and long cycling life are discussed in detail in this review. Specifically, we put emphasis on the unique electrochemistry of different redox-active structures to provide in-depth understanding of their working mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the importance of molecular size/dimension regarding their profound impact on electrochemical performances. Finally, challenges and perspectives are discussed from the developing point of view for future AZIBs. We hope to provide a valuable evaluation on organic electrode materials for AZIBs in our context and give inspiration for the rational design of high-performance AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhou A, Wang H, Zhang F, Hu X, Song Z, Chen Y, Huang Y, Cui Y, Cui Y, Li L, Wu F, Chen R. Amphipathic Phenylalanine-Induced Nucleophilic-Hydrophobic Interface Toward Highly Reversible Zn Anode. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38546948 PMCID: PMC10978566 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries (AZIBs), recognized for their high security, reliability, and cost efficiency, have garnered considerable attention. However, the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application. In this study, we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine (Phe) into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode. Leveraging its exceptional nucleophilic characteristics, Phe molecules tend to coordinate with Zn2+ ions for optimizing the solvation environment. Simultaneously, the distinctive lipophilicity of aromatic amino acids empowers Phe with a higher adsorption energy, enabling the construction of a multifunctional protective interphase. The hydrophobic benzene ring ligands act as cleaners for repelling H2O molecules, while the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attract Zn2+ ions for homogenizing Zn2+ flux. Moreover, the preferential reduction of Phe molecules prior to H2O facilitates the in situ formation of an organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase, enhancing the interfacial stability of the Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells display improved reversibility, achieving an extended cycle life of 5250 h. Additionally, Zn||LMO full cells exhibit enhanced cyclability of retaining 77.3% capacity after 300 cycles, demonstrating substantial potential in advancing the commercialization of AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiu Cui
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zheng J, Zhang B, Chen X, Hao W, Yao J, Li J, Gan Y, Wang X, Liu X, Wu Z, Liu Y, Lv L, Tao L, Liang P, Ji X, Wang H, Wan H. Critical Solvation Structures Arrested Active Molecules for Reversible Zn Electrochemistry. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:145. [PMID: 38441811 PMCID: PMC10914662 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic. Unfortunately, the side reactions, dendrites and hydrogen evolution effects at the zinc anode interface in aqueous electrolytes seriously hinder the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Here, we report a critical solvation strategy to achieve reversible zinc electrochemistry by introducing a small polar molecule acetonitrile to form a "catcher" to arrest active molecules (bound water molecules). The stable solvation structure of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ is capable of maintaining and completely inhibiting free water molecules. When [Zn(H2O)6]2+ is partially desolvated in the Helmholtz outer layer, the separated active molecules will be arrested by the "catcher" formed by the strong hydrogen bond N-H bond, ensuring the stable desolvation of Zn2+. The Zn||Zn symmetric battery can stably cycle for 2250 h at 1 mAh cm-2, Zn||V6O13 full battery achieved a capacity retention rate of 99.2% after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g-1. This paper proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of high-performance AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zheng
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Hao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Li
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gan
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtai Liu
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Liu
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ji
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Houzhao Wan
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Feng X, Li M, Yin J, Cui T, Li F, Cheng Y, Ding S, Xu X, Wang J. Unveiling the Potential of the Alkyl Chain of Isoleucine for Regulating the Electrical Double Layer and Enhancing the Zinc-Ion Battery Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38440797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids are considered effective additives for regulating the electric double layer (EDL) in zinc-ion battery (ZIB) electrolytes. In comparison to their polar counterparts, nonpolar amino acids have received less attention in research. We demonstrated that isoleucine (ILE), benefiting from its nonpolar alkyl chain, emerges as a highly suitable electrolyte additive for aqueous ZIBs. ILE molecules preferentially adsorb onto the anode surface of zinc metal, subsequently creating a locally hydrophobic EDL facilitated by the alkyl chain. On one hand, this enhances the thermodynamic stability at the anode, while on the other hand, it accelerates the desolvation process of zinc ions, thereby improving the kinetics. Benefiting from the unique properties of ILE molecules, Cu//Zn cells with the ILE additive ultimately achieved an extended cycle life of 2600 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.695%, significantly outperforming other amino acid additives reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Cui
- China Power Complete Equipment Company, Limited, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Song M, Li S, Zhu Y, Wan H, Xu X, Li L, Sun L, Tian L, Xu Y. Highly stable and reversible Zn anodes enabled by an electrolyte additive of sucrose. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2714-2721. [PMID: 38226467 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most promising candidates for electric energy storage devices due to their merits of low cost and high safety. However, the notorious side reactions and dendrite formation on zinc anodes impede the commercialization of ZIBs. In this work, a cheap and edible electrolyte additive sucrose is applied to address the above issues. Sucrose with hydroxyl groups can react as zincophilic sites to adsorb Zn2+. As verified by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy, the solvation structure of Zn2+ and the hydrogen bonds can be regulated by the sucrose molecule. The weakened solvated structure of Zn2+ and lowered coupling degree between Zn2+ and SO42- can inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the generation of the sulfate by-product. Furthermore, a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-like ion buffer layer is formed because of the preferentially adsorbed sucrose, which can increase the nucleation overpotential and equalize the ion distribution. The enriched Zn nucleation sites and inhibited 2D diffusion of Zn2+ resulting from the sucrose additive enable uniform Zn deposition. Thus, improved performances of symmetric Zn||Zn, asymmetric Zn||Cu and Zn||VO2 cells are realized. The Zn||Zn cell exhibits a highly reversible cycling performance for 1200 h and 400 h at 5 mA cm-2/1 mA h cm-2 and 10 mA cm-2/5 mA h cm-2, respectively. This work provides a readily available and edible additive to improve the performance of ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Song
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Hongri Wan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuena Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Limei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Jia X, Song W, Liu Y. Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:75. [PMID: 38175454 PMCID: PMC10766912 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc (Zn) metal. However, several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries (AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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