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Waslen A, Friesen KB, Lang AE. Do Sex and Age Influence Scapular and Thoracohumeral Kinematics During a Functional Task Protocol? J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:29-39. [PMID: 37917968 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There is mixed evidence on the role that biological sex plays in shoulder biomechanics despite known differences in musculoskeletal disorder prevalence between males and females. Additionally, advancing age may contribute to shoulder kinematic changes. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex and age influenced scapular and thoracohumeral kinematics during a range of functional tasks. Sixty healthy participants aged 19-63 years (30 males; 30 females) completed a functional task protocol while their upper limb motion was recorded. Scapular and humeral angles were calculated and compared with multiple linear regressions to assess the interaction effects of sex and age. Shoulder kinematics were not different between sex and age groups for many of the functional tasks. However, females had lower humeral external rotation in the overhead lift task (15°, P < .001), and less scapular anterior tilt angles in the forward transfer task (6°, P < .001) than males. Age was positively associated with humeral elevation (R2 = .330, P < .001) and scapular rotation (R2 = .299, P < .001) in the Wash Axilla task. There exist some kinematic differences between sex and with advancing age for select functional tasks, which should be considered for musculoskeletal disorder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Waslen
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kenzie B Friesen
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Angelica E Lang
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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Friesen KB, Wu LZ, Waslen A, Lang AE. Defining repeatability for scapulothoracic and thoracohumeral motion during the novel work-related activities and functional task (WRAFT) protocol. J Biomech 2023; 153:111596. [PMID: 37126882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Upper limb motion can be challenging to measure and analyze during work or daily life tasks. Further, humeral angle calculation method substantially influences angle outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability of scapular and humeral kinematics and compare thoracohumeral angle calculation during a work-related and functional task (WRAFT) protocol. Thirty healthy young adults completed the WRAFT protocol (Comb Hair, Wash Axilla, Tie Apron, Overhead Reach, Side Reach, Forward Transfer, Floor Lift, and Overhead Lift) on two separate occasions. Peak humeral angles and select scapular angles were extracted for each task. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC) were examined. Humeral angles were compared using the XZY and ZXY rotation sequences and "true" axial rotation for incidence of gimbal lock and amplitude coherence. Results showed that for scapular kinematics, elevation-based WRAFTs produced overall better ICC scores (0.23-0.90) compared to those tasks primarily driven by lateral humeral motion (0.02-0.84). MDCs ranged from 7°-78°, suggesting some tasks demonstrated good repeatability (Comb Hair, Overhead Reach, Floor Lift), while others had very high variability (Side Reach, Tie Apron). Amplitude coherence for thoracohumeral angles was best for ZXY for all tasks except the Comb Hair and Tie Apron, for which XZY is recommended. "True" axial rotation demonstrated good coherence for all but Tie Apron. The WRAFT protocol may be used for functionally relevant scapular and humeral kinematic assessment for select task and posture combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie B Friesen
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Laura Z Wu
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alexander Waslen
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Angelica E Lang
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Kolz CW, Sulkar HJ, Aliaj K, Tashjian RZ, Chalmers PN, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Bo Foreman K, Anderson AE, Henninger HB. Age-related differences in humerothoracic, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral kinematics during elevation and rotation motions. J Biomech 2021; 117:110266. [PMID: 33517243 PMCID: PMC7924070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Age affects gross shoulder range of motion (ROM), but biomechanical changes over a lifetime are typically only characterized for the humerothoracic joint. Suitable age-related baselines for the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral contributions to humerothoracic motion are needed to advance understanding of shoulder injuries and pathology. Notably, biomechanical comparisons between younger or older populations may obscure detected differences in underlying shoulder motion. Herein, biplane fluoroscopy and skin-marker motion analysis quantified humerothoracic, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral motion during 3 static poses (resting neutral, internal rotation to L4-L5, and internal rotation to maximum reach) and 2 dynamic activities (scapular plane abduction and external rotation in adduction). Orientations during static poses and rotations during active ROM were compared between subjects <35 years and >45 years of age (N=10 subjects per group). Numerous age-related kinematic differences were measured, ranging 5–25°, where variations in scapular orientation and motion were consistently observed. These disparities are on par with or exceed mean clinically important differences and standard error of measurement of clinical ROM, which indicates that high resolution techniques and appropriately matched controls are required to avoid confounding results of studies that investigate shoulder kinematics. Understanding these dissimilarities will help clinicians manage expectations and treatment protocols where indications and prevalence between age groups tend to differ. Where possible, it is advised to select age-matched control cohorts when studying the kinematics of shoulder injury, pathology, or surgical/physical therapy interventions to ensure clinically important differences are not overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Kolz
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hema J Sulkar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Klevis Aliaj
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert Z Tashjian
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Peter N Chalmers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - K Bo Foreman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andrew E Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Heath B Henninger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Carlos Q, Margarida A, Jorge A, S. B. G, João F. Influence
of the Musculotendon Dynamics on the Muscle Force-Sharing Problem of the Shoulder—A Fully Inverse
Dynamics Approach. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2676614. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4039675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Most dynamic simulations are based on inverse dynamics, being the time-dependent physiological nature of the muscle properties rarely considered due to numerical challenges. Since the influence of muscle physiology on the consistency of inverse dynamics simulations remains unclear, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the computational efficiency and biological validity of four musculotendon models that differ in the simulation of the muscle activation and contraction dynamics. Inverse dynamic analyses are performed using a spatial musculoskeletal model of the upper limb. The muscle force-sharing problem is solved for five repetitions of unloaded and loaded motions of shoulder abduction and shoulder flexion. The performance of the musculotendon models is evaluated by comparing muscle activation predictions with electromyography (EMG) signals, measured synchronously with motion for 11 muscles, and the glenohumeral joint reaction forces estimated numerically with those measured in vivo. The results show similar muscle activations for all muscle models. Overall, high cross-correlations are computed between muscle activations and the EMG signals measured for all movements analyzed, which provides confidence in the results. The glenohumeral joint reaction forces estimated compare well with those measured in vivo, but the influence of the muscle dynamics is found to be negligible. In conclusion, for slow-speed, standard movements of the upper limb, as those studied here, the activation and musculotendon contraction dynamics can be neglected in inverse dynamic analyses without compromising the prediction of muscle and joint reaction forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quental Carlos
- IDMEC,Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,Lisboa 1049-001, Portugale-mail:
| | - Azevedo Margarida
- IDMEC,Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,Lisboa 1049-001, Portugale-mail:
| | - Ambrósio Jorge
- IDMEC,Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,Lisboa 1049-001, Portugale-mail:
| | - Gonçalves S. B.
- IDMEC,Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,Lisboa 1049-001, Portugale-mail:
| | - Folgado João
- IDMEC,Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,Lisboa 1049-001 Portugale-mail:
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Michaud B, Duprey S, Begon M. Scapular kinematic reconstruction – segmental optimization, multibody optimization with open-loop or closed-loop chains: which one should be preferred? Int Biomech 2017. [PMCID: PMC7857462 DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2017.1405741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Michaud
- Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
| | - Sonia Duprey
- Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Mickaël Begon
- Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Comparing non-invasive scapular tracking methods across elevation angles, planes of elevation and humeral axial rotations. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 37:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Crabolu M, Pani D, Raffo L, Conti M, Crivelli P, Cereatti A. In vivo estimation of the shoulder joint center of rotation using magneto-inertial sensors: MRI-based accuracy and repeatability assessment. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:34. [PMID: 28320423 PMCID: PMC5359843 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human gleno-humeral joint is normally represented as a spherical hinge and its center of rotation is used to construct humerus anatomical axes and as reduction point for the computation of the internal joint moments. The position of the gleno-humeral joint center (GHJC) can be estimated by recording ad hoc shoulder joint movement following a functional approach. In the last years, extensive research has been conducted to improve GHJC estimate as obtained from positioning systems such as stereo-photogrammetry or electromagnetic tracking. Conversely, despite the growing interest for wearable technologies in the field of human movement analysis, no studies investigated the problem of GHJC estimation using miniaturized magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs). The aim of this study was to evaluate both accuracy and precision of the GHJC estimation as obtained using a MIMU-based methodology and a functional approach. Methods Five different functional methods were implemented and comparatively assessed under different experimental conditions (two types of shoulder motions: cross and star type motion; two joint velocities: ωmax = 90°/s, 180°/s; two ranges of motion: Ɵ = 45°, 90°). Validation was conducted on five healthy subjects and true GHJC locations were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Results The best performing methods (NAP and SAC) showed an accuracy in the estimate of the GHJC between 20.6 and 21.9 mm and repeatability values between 9.4 and 10.4 mm. Methods performance did not show significant differences for the type of arm motion analyzed or a reduction of the arm angular velocity (180°/s and 90°/s). In addition, a reduction of the joint range of motion (90° and 45°) did not seem to influence significantly the GHJC position estimate except in a few subject-method combinations. Conclusions MIMU-based functional methods can be used to estimate the GHJC position in vivo with errors of the same order of magnitude than those obtained using traditionally stereo-photogrammetric techniques. The methodology proposed seemed to be robust under different experimental conditions. The present paper was awarded as “SIAMOC Best Methodological Paper 2016”.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crabolu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - D Pani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Raffo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Conti
- Department POLCOMING, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Crivelli
- Department POLCOMING, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Cereatti
- Department POLCOMING, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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8
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Nicholson KF, Richardson RT, Rapp EA, Quinton RG, Anzilotti KF, Richards JG. Validation of a mathematical approach to estimate dynamic scapular orientation. J Biomech 2017; 54:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cereatti A, Bonci T, Akbarshahi M, Aminian K, Barré A, Begon M, Benoit DL, Charbonnier C, Dal Maso F, Fantozzi S, Lin CC, Lu TW, Pandy MG, Stagni R, van den Bogert AJ, Camomilla V. Standardization proposal of soft tissue artefact description for data sharing in human motion measurements. J Biomech 2017; 62:5-13. [PMID: 28259462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue artefact (STA) represents one of the main obstacles for obtaining accurate and reliable skeletal kinematics from motion capture. Many studies have addressed this issue, yet there is no consensus on the best available bone pose estimator and the expected errors associated with relevant results. Furthermore, results obtained by different authors are difficult to compare due to the high variability and specificity of the phenomenon and the different metrics used to represent these data. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: firstly, to propose standards for description of STA; and secondly, to provide illustrative STA data samples for body segments in the upper and lower extremities and for a range of motor tasks specifically, level walking, stair ascent, sit-to-stand, hip- and knee-joint functional movements, cutting motion, running, hopping, arm elevation and functional upper-limb movements. The STA dataset includes motion of the skin markers measured in vivo and ex vivo using stereophotogrammetry as well as motion of the underlying bones measured using invasive or bio-imaging techniques (i.e., X-ray fluoroscopy or MRI). The data are accompanied by a detailed description of the methods used for their acquisition, with information given about their quality as well as characterization of the STA using the proposed standards. The availability of open-access and standard-format STA data will be useful for the evaluation and development of bone pose estimators thus contributing to the advancement of three-dimensional human movement analysis and its translation into the clinical practice and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cereatti
- POLCOMING Department, Information Engineering Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Tecla Bonci
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Massoud Akbarshahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Barré
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Begon
- Laboratory of Simulation and Movement Modeling, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel L Benoit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Fabien Dal Maso
- Laboratory of Simulation and Movement Modeling, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvia Fantozzi
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cheng-Chung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electronic Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Marcus G Pandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rita Stagni
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Camomilla
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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Richardson RT, Nicholson KF, Rapp EA, Johnston TE, Richards JG. A comparison of acromion marker cluster calibration methods for estimating scapular kinematics during upper extremity ergometry. J Biomech 2016; 49:1255-1258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Madokoro K, Gotoh M, Kai Y, Kakuma T, Nagamatsu T, Shiba N. Effect of external load on scapular upward rotation during arm elevation: the knot concept. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 26915008 PMCID: PMC4740470 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-016-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Failure of the scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) is observed in patients with shoulder joint dysfunction. The SHR reportedly has a 2:1 ratio during scapular upward rotation with arm elevation. However, three-dimensional scapular motion analysis has indicated variations in this ratio according to the arm elevation angle. We observed 2 distinct patterns: the scapular upward rotation decreased after knot formation (type I) or increased after knot formation (type II) during arm elevation. In the present study, we aimed to identify the knot and investigate the influence of varying external loads on this kinesiological change point. Methods We evaluated 35 healthy adult men (35 dominant-side shoulders) with a mean age of 20 ± 1.7 years (mean height: 172 ± 6.4 cm, mean weight: 65.7 ± 5.8 kg). Participants performed scapular plane elevation with no load or with an external load (1–5 kg) while sitting on a chair. The measured scapular upward rotation values were interpolated using the spline function and fitted to line graphs, and the change in these values was compared for various loads. Results The estimated knot angles (standard error) in the no load condition, and with external loads of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kg were 83.5 (2.9°), 81.2 (2.9°), 81.0 (2.9°), 76.1 (2.9°), 73.4 (3.1°), and 75.8 (3.1°), respectively. No significant difference was noted in the knot position at 1–2 kg (vs. unloaded), although the knot was significantly lower at 3–5 kg (3 kg: p = 0.01, 4 kg: p = 0.001, and 5 kg: p = 0.02). Moreover, we observed that participants either exhibited increased or decreased upward rotational momentum after knot formation. Conclusion Our results confirm that the kinesiological change point (the knot) during scapular upward rotation occurred at lower angles in cases of increasing external loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Madokoro
- Kurume University School of Medicine Graduate School, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Gotoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University Medical Centre, 155-1 Kokubu-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 839-0863, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kai
- Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Tachibana University, Yamada-cho Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Biostatistics Centre, Kurume University, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagamatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka Rehabilitation College, Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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van den Noort JC, Wiertsema SH, Hekman KM, Schönhuth CP, Dekker J, Harlaar J. Measurement of scapular dyskinesis using wireless inertial and magnetic sensors: Importance of scapula calibration. J Biomech 2015; 48:3460-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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