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Nanohydroxyapatite Electrodeposition onto Electrospun Nanofibers: Technique Overview and Tissue Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110151. [PMID: 34821717 PMCID: PMC8615206 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite scaffolds based on the combination of polymeric nanofibers with nanohydroxyapatite are a promising approach within tissue engineering. With this strategy, it is possible to synthesize nanobiomaterials that combine the well-known benefits and advantages of polymer-based nanofibers with the osteointegrative, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of nanohydroxyapatite, generating scaffolds with great potential for applications in regenerative medicine, especially as support for bone growth and regeneration. However, as efficiently incorporating nanohydroxyapatite into polymeric nanofibers is still a challenge, new methodologies have emerged for this purpose, such as electrodeposition, a fast, low-cost, adjustable, and reproducible technique capable of depositing coatings of nanohydroxyapatite on the outside of fibers, to improve scaffold bioactivity and cell–biomaterial interactions. In this short review paper, we provide an overview of the electrodeposition method, as well as a detailed discussion about the process of electrodepositing nanohydroxyapatite on the surface of polymer electrospun nanofibers. In addition, we present the main findings of the recent applications of polymeric micro/nanofibrous scaffolds coated with electrodeposited nanohydroxyapatite in tissue engineering. In conclusion, comments are provided about the future direction of nanohydroxyapatite electrodeposition onto polymeric nanofibers.
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Ogueri KS, Ogueri KS, McClinton A, Kan HM, Ude CC, Barajaa MA, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. In Vivo Evaluation of the Regenerative Capability of Glycylglycine Ethyl Ester-Substituted Polyphosphazene and Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Blends: A Rabbit Critical-Sized Bone Defect Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1564-1572. [PMID: 33792283 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the biological capability of polyphosphazene-based polymers, three-dimensional biomimetic bone scaffolds were fabricated using the blends of poly[(glycine ethylglycinato)75(phenylphenoxy)25]phosphazene (PNGEGPhPh) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and an in vivo evaluation was performed in a rabbit critical-sized bone defect model. The matrices constructed from PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends were surgically implanted into 15 mm critical-sized radial defects of the rabbits as structural templates for bone tissue regeneration. PLGA, which is the most commonly used synthetic bone graft substitute, was used as a control in this study. Radiological and histological analyses demonstrated that PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends exhibited favorable in vivo biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, as the newly designed matrices allowed new bone formation to occur without adverse immunoreactions. The X-ray images of the blends showed higher levels of radiodensity than that of the pristine PLGA, indicating higher rates of new bone formation and regeneration. Micro-computed tomography quantification revealed that new bone volume fractions were significantly higher for the PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends than for the PLGA controls after 4 weeks. The new bone volume increased linearly with increasing time points, with the new tissues observed throughout the defect area for the blend and only at the implant site's extremes for the PLGA control. Histologically, the polyphosphazene system appeared to show tissue responses and bone ingrowths superior to PLGA. By the end of the study, the defects with PNGEGPhPh-PLGA scaffolds exhibited evidence of effective bone tissue ingrowth and minimal inflammatory responses. Thus, polyphosphazene-containing biomaterials have excellent translational potential for use in bone regenerative engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Kennedy S Ogueri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aneesah McClinton
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Chinedu C Ude
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Mohammed A Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
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