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Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Gou J, Bai Q, Xiao X, Liu H. Europium-Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Chemiluminescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3349-3359. [PMID: 37596990 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of chemiluminescence (CL) sensors for detecting chemical species in complex samples poses a significant challenge in nanoparticle surface engineering. Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) shows promise but suffers from weak CL intensity and unknown luminescence mechanisms. In this study, we propose a nitrogen defect strategy to enhance the CL efficiency of europium-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (Eu-CNNPs). By controlling the dosage of the europium modification, we can adjust the nitrogen defect content to reduce the energy gap and improve the CL performance. Remarkably, Eu-CNNPs with rich nitrogen defects exhibit strong chemiluminescence emission specifically for singlet oxygen (1O2) without responding to other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Building upon this finding, we developed a direct, selective, and sensitive CL sensing platform for 1O2 in PM2.5 and monitored 1O2 production in photosensitizers without interference from metal ions. Through extensive experiments, we attribute the 1O2-driven CL response to the presence of abundant nitrogen defects in the CN material, accelerating electron transfer and yielding a high generation of 1O2. Furthermore, chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) between (1O2)2* (1O2 dimeric aggregate) and Eu-CNNPs contributes to strong CL emission. This work provides insights into enhancing the CL performance of CN and offers new possibilities for advancing the practical analysis of nanomaterials using the intriguing mechanism of nitrogen defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Gou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghong Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Houjing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Wang Y, Rong Y, Ma T, Li L, Li X, Zhu P, Zhou S, Yu J, Zhang Y. Photoelectrochemical sensors based on paper and their emerging applications in point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115400. [PMID: 37271095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology is urgently required owing to the prevalence of the Internet of Things and portable electronics. In light of the attractive properties of low background and high sensitivity caused by the complete separation of excitation source and detection signal, the paper-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, featured with fast in analysis, disposable and environmental-friendly have become one of the most promising strategies in POCT. Therefore, in this review, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of portable paper-based PEC sensors for POCT are systematically discussed. Primarily, the flexible electronic devices that can be constructed by paper and the reasons why they can be used in PEC sensors are expounded. Afterwards, the photosensitive materials involved in paper-based PEC sensor and the signal amplification strategies are emphatically introduced. Subsequently, the application of paper-based PEC sensors in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety are further discussed. Finally, the main opportunities and challenges of paper-based PEC sensing platforms for POCT are briefly summarized. It provides a distinct perspective for researchers to construct paper-based PEC sensors with portable and cost-effective, hoping to enlighten the fast development of POCT soon after, as well as benefit human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yumeng Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Tinglei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Peihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Liu H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Gou J. Europium functionalized black phosphorus quantum dots as a CRET platform for synergistically enhanced chemiluminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5168-5171. [PMID: 35388380 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesize stable europium ion modified black phosphorus quantum dots (Eu-BPQDs) using a microwave irradiation technique, which can react with organic amines exhibiting unique chemiluminescence (CL). The mechanism of the Eu-BPQDs/organic amines CL system accounting for the efficient CRET is induced by the chelation of organic amines with the surface functionalized europium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jing Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Zou R, Teng X, Lin Y, Lu C. Graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites electrochemiluminescence systems and their applications in biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials offer unique opportunities for the assembling of electrochemical aptasensors due to their high electroconductivity, redox activity, compatibility with biochemical receptors and broad possibilities of functionalization and combination with other auxiliary reagents. In this review, the progress in the development of electrochemical aptasensors based on carbon nanomaterials in 2016–2020 is considered with particular emphasis on the role of carbon materials in aptamer immobilization and signal generation. The synthesis and properties of carbon nanotubes, graphene materials, carbon nitride, carbon black particles and fullerene are described and their implementation in the electrochemical biosensors are summarized. Examples of electrochemical aptasensors are classified in accordance with the content of the surface layer and signal measurement mode. In conclusion, the drawbacks and future prospects of carbon nanomaterials’ application in electrochemical aptasensors are briefly discussed.
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Chenaghlou S, Khataee A, Jalili R, Rashidi MR, Khalilzadeh B, Woo Joo S. Gold nanostar-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of cancer stem cells using CD133 membrane biomarker. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107633. [PMID: 32891010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostars (AuNSs) demonstrate an intense electromagnetic field around tip of branches. In this research, we employed AuNSs-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission from graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CN nanosheets) to detect CD133 peptide as a cancer stem cell membrane biomarker. In this biosensor, the g-CN nanosheets were decorated with AuNSs (AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets). AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets exhibited strong and stable cathodic ECL emission compared to that of pure g-CN nanosheets. The ECL intensity from the AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets was over 30% higher than that of spherical gold nanoparticles (spherical AuNPs) decorated g-CN nanosheets. The additional ECL enhancement of AuNSs was due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect located around multiple branch tips of AuNSs. The RSD of ECL curves intensities, obtained from successive potential scans for 10 cycles, were less than 4%, indicating the superior stability of the AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets. Under optimum conditions, the ECL intensity of GCE/AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets/anti-CD133 decreased linearly with CD133 peptide concentration in the range of 0.05-100 ng mL-1. The LOD achieved was 0.257 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3). The applicability of the designed biosensor in real samples was examined through the determination of CD133 peptide in spiked serum samples, from which satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimeh Chenaghlou
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Roghayeh Jalili
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran; Biosensors and Bioelectronics Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
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Zhang J, Liu J. Nanozyme‐based luminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Electroanalysis of isoniazid and rifampicin: Role of nanomaterial electrode modifiers. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111731. [PMID: 31614253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to operational simplicity, speediness, possibility of miniaturization and real-time nature, electrochemical sensing is a supreme alternative for non-electrochemical methodologies in drug quantification. This review, highlights different nanotech-based sensory designs for electroanalysis of isoniazid and rifampicin, the most important medicines for patients with tuberculosis. We first, concisely mention analyses with bare electrodes, associated impediments and inspected possible strategies and then critically review the last two decades works with focus on different nano-scaled electrode modifiers. We organized and described the materials engaged in several categories: Surfactants modifiers, polymeric modifiers, metallic nanomaterials, carbon based nano-modifiers (reduced graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ordered mesoporous carbon) and a large class of multifarious nano composites-based sensors and biosensors. The main drawbacks and superiorities associated with each array as well as the current trend in the areas is attempted to discuss. Summary of 79 employed electrochemical approaches for analysis of isoniazid and rifampicin has also been presented.
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Peng D, Liang RP, Qiu JD, Liu J. Robust Colorimetric Detection of Cu2+ by Excessed Nucleotide Coordinated Nanozymes. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Darkwah WK, Oswald KA. Photocatalytic Applications of Heterostructure Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Pollutant Degradation, Hydrogen Gas Production (water splitting), and CO 2 Reduction. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:234. [PMID: 31300944 PMCID: PMC6626089 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of the heterojunction composites photocatalyst has attained much attention for solar energy conversion due to their high optimization of reduction-oxidation potential as a result of effective separation of photogenerated electrons-holes pairs. In this review, the background of photocatalysis, mechanism of photocatalysis, and the several researches on the heterostructure graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) semiconductor are discussed. The advantages of the heterostructure g-C3N4 over their precursors are also discussed. The conclusion and future perspectives on this emerging research direction are given. This paper gives a useful knowledge on the heterostructure g-C3N4 and their photocatalytic mechanisms and applications. IMPACT STATEMENTS: The paper on g-C3N4 Nano-based photocatalysts is expected to enlighten scientists on precise management and evaluating the environment, which may merit prospect research into developing suitable mechanism for energy, wastewater treatment and environmental purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Kivyiro Adinas Oswald
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Science, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Zhang P, Sun D, Cho A, Weon S, Lee S, Lee J, Han JW, Kim DP, Choi W. Modified carbon nitride nanozyme as bifunctional glucose oxidase-peroxidase for metal-free bioinspired cascade photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 30808912 PMCID: PMC6391499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials-based biomimetic catalysts with multiple functions are necessary to address challenges in artificial enzymes mimicking physiological processes. Here we report a metal-free nanozyme of modified graphitic carbon nitride and demonstrate its bifunctional enzyme-mimicking roles. With oxidase mimicking, hydrogen peroxide is generated from the coupled photocatalysis of glucose oxidation and dioxygen reduction under visible-light irradiation with a near 100% apparent quantum efficiency. Then, the in situ generated hydrogen peroxide serves for the subsequent peroxidase-mimicking reaction that oxidises a chromogenic substrate on the same catalysts in dark to complete the bifunctional oxidase-peroxidase for biomimetic detection of glucose. The bifunctional cascade catalysis is successfully demonstrated in microfluidics for the real-time colorimetric detection of glucose with a low detection limit of 0.8 μM within 30 s. The artificial nanozymes with physiological functions provide the feasible strategies for mimicking the natural enzymes and realizing the biomedical diagnostics with a smart and miniature device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dengrong Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seonggyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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Darkwah WK, Ao Y. Mini Review on the Structure and Properties (Photocatalysis), and Preparation Techniques of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nano-Based Particle, and Its Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:388. [PMID: 30498964 PMCID: PMC6265161 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is well known as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities, such as CO2 reduction and water splitting, and environmental remediation through the removal of organic pollutants. On the other hand, carbon nitride also pose outstanding properties and extensive application forecasts in the aspect of field emission properties. In this mini review, the novel structure, synthesis and preparation techniques of full-bodied g-C3N4-based composite and films were revealed. This mini review discussed contemporary advancement in the structure, synthesis, and diverse methods used for preparing g-C3N4 nanostructured materials. The present study gives an account of full knowledge of the use of the exceptional structural and properties, and the preparation techniques of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride: controllable synthesis and enhanced cataluminescent sensing for formic acid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7499-7509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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