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Yang L, Chen D, Zhang X, Huang F, Li Z, Yang X. A comparison of 'not just right experiences' in obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders and non-clinical controls in China. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37749937 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of 'not just right experiences' (NJREs) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders (ADs) or major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHOD One hundred adults with OCD, 86 adults with ADs, 57 adults with MDD and 60 HCs were enrolled in the study. The Not Just Right Experiences Questionnaire Revised (NJRE-QR), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms in patients with OCD, ADs or MDD. The Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) was used to evaluate OC beliefs in the OCD patients. The HCs only received assessment using the NJRE-QR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare the NJREs scores across the groups, while Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to examine the association between NJREs and other clinical features. The contribution of NJREs to predict OC symptoms was determined by multiple stratified linear regression. RESULTS Individuals with OCD had significantly higher scores for the number of NJREs than ADs, but not MDD. The severity of NJREs was also significantly higher in patients with OCD than those with MDD or ADs (F = 5.23 and F = 19.79, respectively, P < 0.01). All the clinical scores in the NJRE-QR were significantly higher than those in the HC group. The number and severity of NJREs correlated significantly with the Y-BOCS total score (r = 0.29 and r = 0.39, respectively, P < 0.01). NJREs showed an independent contribution to OC symptoms, which alone explained 8% of the variation (F = 16.49, ΔR2 = 0.08; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION NJREs are related closely to OC symptoms, with their severity discriminating between OCD patients and those with ADs or MDD. NJREs were more specific for OCD in the Chinese population and are therefore worthy of further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daning Chen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Psychology Department, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Zhanjiang Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyun Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Psychometric Properties of Malay Obsessive-compulsive Inventory-child Version (OCI-CV) in Malaysian Perspectives. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:114-122. [PMID: 36514488 PMCID: PMC9716882 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of OCI-CV in a non-clinical sample of Malaysian children and adolescents. Method Participants of school-age and adolescent students from Klang Valley School completed the 21-item Malay OCI-CV using Google Form. OCI-CV English version was translated backward and forward to the Malay language. Face validity was conducted first before distributing the questionnaire to the participants. Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of OCI-CV. Results A total of 102 school-age children and adolescents with a mean age of 15.96 years (male: 41.2%, female: 58.8%) participated in the study. The Malay OCI-CV showed high internal consistency, with Cronbach Alpha values of 0.90 for the whole scale. EFA showed multifactorial components. Five factors were labelled as "Washing / Ordering, Doubting, Obsessions, Checking, and Hoarding,". In the CFA, the five-factor model indicates adequate fit indices of (χ2/df = 1.51, RMSEA = .071, GFI = .824, AGFI = .769, NFI = .724, CFI = .880). Conclusion The Malay OCI-CV has good psychometric properties and is suitable for use in the Malaysian context. Further validation studies should be conducted among a clinical population to enhance the generalization of this finding.
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Cerea S, Lovetere G, Bottesi G, Sica C, Ghisi M. The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and 'not just right' experiences in a sample of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine procedures. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:1034-1049. [PMID: 34723408 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by concerns for perceived defects in physical appearance that appear to others as mild or unobservable. Individuals with BDD frequently refer concerns with their physical appearance being 'not right' (not just right experiences; NJREs), and BDD-related behaviours may be performed until their appearance is perceived as 'right'. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between BDD and NJREs in cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine settings. METHODS Individuals requesting cosmetic procedures with BDD symptoms (BDD-symptoms group; n = 24), without BDD symptoms (cosmetic intervention [CI] group; n = 45), and individuals that have never required these procedures (no cosmetic intervention [NCI] group; n = 53) entered the study. RESULTS Results showed a greater number of past-month NJREs, higher NJREs severity, higher drive for thinness, and greater general distress in the BDD-symptoms group. Pertaining to features associated with NJREs (perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms) and ED core features, the BDD-symptoms group scored higher only with respect to NCI. Regression analyses showed that BDD symptoms were predicted by age, NJREs severity, and drive for thinness above and beyond general distress, perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction related to weight and shape in the BDD-Symptoms group (in comparison with the CI and NCI groups). CONCLUSIONS NJREs may represent a potential vulnerability factor for BDD symptoms in cosmetic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Sica
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,U.O.C. Hospital Psychology, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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