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Lei Z, Ang HT, Wu J. Advanced In-Line Purification Technologies in Multistep Continuous Flow Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Song Q, Lei X, Yang S, Wang S, Wang J, Chen J, Xiang Y, Huang Q, Wang Z. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Nitro- o-xylenes: Process Optimization, Impurity Study and Extension to Analogues. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165139. [PMID: 36014379 PMCID: PMC9416712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient continuous-flow nitration process of o-xylene at pilot scale was demonstrated. The effects of parameters such as temperature, ratio of H2SO4 to HNO3, H2SO4 concentration, flow rate, and residence time on the reaction were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of products reached 94.1%, with a product throughput of 800 g/h. The main impurities of this continuous-flow nitration process were also studied in detail. Compared with batch process, phenolic impurity decreased from 2% to 0.1%, which enabled the omission of the alkaline solution washing step and thus reduced the wastewater emission. The method was also successfully applied to the nitrification of p-xylene, toluene, and chlorobenzene with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Song
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiangui Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jiujun Chen
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Qingwu Huang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (Z.W.)
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Guo S, Zhu GK, Zhan LW, Li BD. Process design of two-step mononitration of m-xylene in a microreactor. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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