Rapid plugged flow synthesis of nucleoside analogues via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and heck Alkenylation of 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (or cytidine)

Boron-doped sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride as a highly efficient catalyst for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates

The presence of humins during the conversion of concentrated fructose presents a major obstacle in the large-scale production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from fructose. Herein, we reported a boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride sulfonated (BGCN-SO3H) as an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of HMF from fructose. The BGCN-SO3H catalyst structures were analyzed using various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The BGCN-SO3H catalyst was evaluated for the synthesis of HMF from fructose. We investigated the influence of catalyst performance, including solvent reactions, catalyst loading, substrates, and volume of solvent to optimize reaction conditions. As a result, the yield of HMF was obtained at 88 % within 5 h when using 30 mg of catalyst. The study of catalyst activity involved examining reactions that allowed recovery and reuse. The research findings offer a method for producing HMF with exceptional efficiency using solid catalysts.

Synthesis of 2'-O-Methyl/2'-O-MOE-L-Nucleoside Derivatives and Their Applications: Preparation of G-Quadruplexes, Their Characterization, and Stability Studies

Nucleosides and their analogues constitute an important family of molecules with potential antiviral and antiproliferative activity. The enantiomers of natural nucleosides, l-nucleoside derivatives, which have comparable biological activity but more favorable toxicological properties and greater metabolic stability than d-nucleosides, have emerged as a new class of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, l-nucleosides can be used as a building block to prepare l-oligonucleotides, which have identical physical properties in terms of solubility, hybridization kinetics, and duplex thermal stability as d-oligonucleotides but completely orthogonal in nature. Consequently, they are resistant to nuclease degradation, nontoxic, and immunologically passive, which are desirable properties for biomedical applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of several 2'-O-methyl/2'-O-MOE-l-nucleoside pyrimidine derivatives and their incorporation into G-rich oligonucleotides. Finally, we evaluated the stability and resistance against nucleases of these new G-quadruplexes, demonstrating the potential of the l-nucleosides described in this work in providing enhanced nuclease resistance with a minimal impact in the nucleic acid structural properties.