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Ren J, Dai J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Sha R, Mao J, Mao Y. Hypoglycemic Activity of Rice Resistant-Starch Metabolites: A Mechanistic Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Approach. Metabolites 2024; 14:224. [PMID: 38668351 PMCID: PMC11052319 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the primary sources of energy and nutrients needed by the body, and rice resistant starch (RRS) has been found to have hypoglycemic effects. However, its biological activity and specific mechanisms still need to be further elucidated. In the present study, 52 RRS differential metabolites were obtained from mouse liver, rat serum, canine feces, and human urine, and 246 potential targets were identified through a literature review and database analysis. A total of 151 common targets were identified by intersecting them with the targets of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). After network pharmacology analysis, 11 core metabolites were identified, including linolenic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, lithocholylglycine, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, phenylalanine, norepinephrine, cholic acid, and L-glutamic acid, and 16 core targets were identified, including MAPK3, MAPK1, EGFR, ESR1, PRKCA, FYN, LCK, DLG4, ITGB1, IL6, PTPN11, RARA, NR3C1, PTPN6, PPARA, and ITGAV. The core pathways included the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cancer, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. The molecular docking results showed that bile acids such as glycoursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cholic acid exhibited strong docking effects with EGFR, ITGAV, ITGB1, MAPK3, NR3C1, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. In vitro hypoglycemic experiments further suggested that bile acids showed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with CDCA and UDCA having the most prominent inhibitory effect. In summary, this study reveals a possible hypoglycemic pathway of RRS metabolites and provides new research perspectives to further explore the therapeutic mechanism of bile acids in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Ren
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Jing Dai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Ruyi Sha
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Jianwei Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.R.); (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Yangchen Mao
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
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Amin M, Syed S, Wu R, Postolache TT, Gragnoli C. Familial Linkage and Association of the NR3C1 Gene with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911951. [PMID: 36233250 PMCID: PMC9569497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol pathway may be major contributing factors to the common pathogenesis of major depressive disorders (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant player in the neuroendocrine HPA axis and cortisol response is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is encoded by the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member (NR3C1) gene. Variants in the NR3C1 gene have been reported in patients with MDD and obesity and found to confer reduced risk for quantitative metabolic traits and T2D in Cushing syndrome; variants have not been reported in T2D and MDD-T2D comorbid patients. We studied 212 original Italian families with a rich family history for T2D and tested 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NR3C1 gene for linkage to and linkage disequilibrium (LD) with T2D and MDD across different inheritance models. We identified a total of 6 novel SNPs significantly linked/in LD to/with T2D (rs6196, rs10482633, rs13186836, rs13184611, rs10482681 and rs258751) and 1 SNP (rs10482668) significantly linked to/in LD with both T2D and MDD. These findings expand understanding of the role that NR3C1 variants play in modulating the risk of T2D-MDD comorbidity. Replication and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), US14-Orphanet, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11121, Sudan
| | - Shumail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Teodor Tudorel Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80246, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21090, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, 00197 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(508)-246-9330
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Mazgelytė E, Burokienė N, Vysocka A, Narkevičius M, Petrėnas T, Kaminskas A, Songailienė J, Utkus A, Karčiauskaitė D. Higher Levels of Stress-Related Hair Steroid Hormones Are Associated with the Increased SCORE2 Risk Prediction Algorithm in Apparently Healthy Women. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030070. [PMID: 35323618 PMCID: PMC8955541 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of death worldwide. Although the importance of conventional CVD risk factors, including older age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, is well-studied, psychosocial stress, which is considered an independent CVD risk factor, requires further investigation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term secretion of stress-related steroid hormones, including cortisol, cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone, and the 10-year fatal and non-fatal CVD risk estimated by the SCORE2 risk prediction algorithm, as well as traditional CVD risk factors in a group of apparently healthy women. A total of 145 women (aged 50–64 years) participating in the national CVD prevention program were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, health-related characteristics, stress, anxiety and sleep quality indicators were evaluated using specific questionnaires. Anthropometric and arterial blood pressure measures were assessed by trained personnel, lipid and glucose metabolism biomarkers were measured using routine methods, and hair steroid hormone levels were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that higher levels of hair cortisol and cortisone are associated with increased SCORE2 values. Moreover, significant associations between hair glucocorticoids and individual cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, were found. These findings indicate that stress-related hair steroid hormones might be valuable biomarkers for CVD prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Mazgelytė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Agata Vysocka
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Martynas Narkevičius
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Tomas Petrėnas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Andrius Kaminskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Jurgita Songailienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Motavalli R, Majidi T, Pourlak T, Abediazar S, Shoja MM, Zununi Vahed S, Etemadi J. The clinical significance of the glucocorticoid receptors: Genetics and epigenetics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105952. [PMID: 34274458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of glucocorticoids (GCs) are mainly mediated by a nuclear receptor (GR) existing in almost every tissue. The GR regulates a wide range of physiological functions, including inflammation, cell metabolism, and differentiation playing a major role in cellular responses to GCs and stress. Therefore, the dysregulation or disruption of GR can cause deficiencies in the adaptation to stress and the preservation of homeostasis. The number of GR polymorphisms associated with different diseases has been mounting per year. Tackling these clinical complications obliges a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network action of GCs at the level of the GR structure and its signaling pathways. Beyond genetic variation in the GR gene, epigenetic changes can enhance our understanding of causal factors involved in the development of diseases and identifying biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the relationships of GC receptor gene polymorphisms and epigenetics with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Motavalli
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taraneh Majidi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tala Pourlak
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Clinical Academy of Teaching and Learning, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL, USA
| | | | - Jalal Etemadi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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