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Prajapati P, Shahi A, Acharya A, Shah S. Chemometry and Green Chemistry-Based Chromatographic Analysis of Azilsartan Medoxomil, Cilnidipine and Chlorthalidone in Human Plasma Using Analytical Quality by Design Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:201-212. [PMID: 35942542 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the green chemistry approach, the usage of carcinogenic and teratogenic organic solvents should be minimized in the development of the analytical method for the safety of the environment and analysts. According to the literature review, no high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been reported yet for concomitant analysis of azilsartan medoxomil (AZM), chlorthalidone (CTD) and cilnidipine (CDP) in human plasma. Hence, a robust and accurate HPTLC method has been developed using safe and non-toxic organic solvents for the concomitant analysis of AZM, CTD and CDP in human plasma, fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) and laboratory mixtures. The HPTLC method was developed by the implementation of the analytical quality by design approach using principles of quality risk management and design of experiments (DoE) for regulatory compliance. The principal component analysis was applied for the risk assessment and analysis of potential method variables in the method development. The principle of DoE was used for the response surface modeling to link identified critical method risk parameters with critical method performance attributes using full factorial design (FFD). The method operable design region and analytical control space were navigated for the optimization of the method as per quality target analytical profile. The developed method was also applied for concomitant analysis of AZM, CTD and CDP in their FDCs and laboratory mixture and results were found in good agreement with the labeled amount of the respective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhinandan Shahi
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Aneri Acharya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
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Prajapati P, Radadiya K, Shah S. Principal Component Analysis and DoE-Based AQbD Approach to Multipurpose HPTLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDCs of Metformin HCl, Repaglinide, Glibenclamide and Pioglitazone HCl. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:108-119. [PMID: 35797718 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin HCl (MET) is a mostly used antidiabetic drug and several fixed-dose combinations are available in the market with other antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of insulin-independent diabetes. Numerous chromatographic methods have been reported for the estimation of multiple fixed dose combination (FDC) of MET but each FDC needs a separate and dedicated chromatographic method for analysis. No chromatographic method has been reported yet in the literature which promotes synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of MET to minimize organic solvent consumption, time and cost of analysis. Hence, the multipurpose-high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the synchronous estimation of FDCs of MET by the implementation of an enhanced analytical quality by design approach. Principal component analysis was applied for the identification of critical method risk parameters. Box-Behnken design was applied for response surface analysis. The method operable design ranges was navigated and the control strategy was framed. The developed method was applied for the analysis of multiple FDCs of metformin. The developed method can synchronously analyze multiple FDCs of MET which required several chromatographic methods. Hence, the present method is multipurpose-HPTLC for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of MET which required minimum organic solvent, time and cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
| | - Khushbu Radadiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
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Rašević M, Malenović A, Protić A, Zečević M. Analytical method development supported by DoE-DS approach for enantioseparation of (S,S)- and (R,R)-moxifloxacin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115645. [PMID: 37598470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, method for enantiomeric purity testing of fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin hydrochloride, was developed and validated. Exceptional enantioselectivity for this assay was achieved using cyclodextrin type Chiral Stationary Phase (CSP), phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin CSP, and mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) buffer. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) methodology, comprising Design of Experiments (DoE) - Design Space (DS) approach, was used for method development. In order to select appropriate Critical Method Parameters (CMPs), risk assessment was done using combined three step strategy that involved Ishikawa diagram - CNX (Control, Noise and eXperimental) - FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). Three CMPs were further selected and investigated in this study: acetonitrile content in the mobile phase (30-50%, v/v), triethylamine content in the TEAA buffer (0.1-1.5%, v/v) and aqueous phase pH (3.5-4.5). Monte Carlo simulations were performed and 3D-DS was computed. One point situated in the center of 3D-DS was selected as working point for method validation, with the following values of CMPs: acetonitrile content in the mobile phase set to 37% (v/v), triethylamine content in TEAA 0.8% and pH value of the aqueous phase set at 4.0. Also, 2D-DS was created (with fixed one factor - pH value of aqueous phase at 4.0) which also gave us confirmation that the selection of working conditions was suitable. The proposed enantioselective method was further on tested for its quantitative robustness, as well as for its suitability for the intended purpose through validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Rašević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anđelija Malenović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Protić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Zečević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chiarentin L, Gonçalves C, Augusto C, Miranda M, Cardoso C, Vitorino C. Drilling into "Quality by Design" Approach for Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-42. [PMID: 37665603 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2253321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for consistency in analytical method development reinforces the dependence of pharmaceutical product development and manufacturing on robust analytical data. The Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD), akin to the product Quality by Design (QbD) endows a high degree of confidence to the method quality developed. AQbD involves the definition of the analytical target profile as starting point, followed by the identification of critical method variables and critical analytical attributes, supported on risk assessment and design of experiment tools for the establishment of a method operable design region and control strategy of the method. This systematic approach moves away from reactive troubleshooting to proactive failure reduction. The objective of this review is to highlight the elements of the AQbD framework and provide an overview of their implementation status in various analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical field. These methodologies include but are not limited to, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, supercritical fluid chromatography, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Finally, a critical appraisal is provided to highlight how regulators have encouraged AQbD principles application to boost the prevention of method failures and a better understanding of the method operable design region (MODR) and control strategy, ultimately resulting in cost-effectiveness and regulatory flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chiarentin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Cátia Augusto
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Margarida Miranda
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Egas Moniz Center of Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Cardoso
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Prajapati P, Gandhi A, Shah S. Method Greenness Profile Assessment to AQbD-Driven Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Aripiprazole Using Screening Design and Response Surface Modeling. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:501-513. [PMID: 36073908 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the literature review, organic solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride have been used for the chromatographic analysis of aripiprazole (APZ). The green chemistry approach recommends these organic solvents are unsafe for analysts and the environment and should be avoided or minimized in chromatographic analysis. OBJECTIVE Hence, the stability-indicating assay method (SIAM) has been developed for the estimation of aripiprazole using safe organic solvents. METHODS The quality risk management was started with risk identification, which was followed by risk assessment. By the risk assessment process, seven analytical risk factors (ARFs) were found to be potentially risky for method development. Further risk analysis was done by Taguchi OA design for the study of the main effect of ARF on resolution between the peaks. Design of experiments (DoE)-based response surface modeling (RSM) was performed by central composite design. Method operable design region (MODR) was navigated for resolution between peaks more than 1.0 for risk control. After navigation of the MODR, a risk review was done by validation of the design model for SIAM. RESULTS Control strategy was set for ARFs and separation was carried out on the precoated aluminum plate with silica gel 60 F254 using ethyl acetate-ethanol (8.0 + 2.0, v/v) as the mobile phase keeping 15 min saturation time. The developed method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed SIAM was applied for the assay of aripiprazole in its tablet, and results were found in agreement with the labeled claim. CONCLUSIONS The organic solvents ethyl acetate and ethanol used in chromatographic analysis of APZ are recommended as safe organic solvents by the ICH Q3C guidelines. The method greenness profiles of developed and published methods were evaluated by national environmental method index (NEMI) and analytical greenness (AGREE) methods. The developed method was found to be safe and green for chromatographic analysis of APZ. HIGHLIGHTS Development of a green, robust, accurate, and precise stability-indicating HPTLC method for estimation of APZ. The quality risk management (QRM) and DoE-based analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach was implemented in support of the green analytical chemistry concept. Estimation of greenness profile of method by NEMI and AGREE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Alina Gandhi
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
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Prajapati P, Patel A, Shah S. Simultaneous Estimation of Telmisartan, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine Besylate and Atorvastatin by RP-HPLC Method for Synchronous Assay of Multiple FDC Products Using Analytical FMCEA-Based AQbD Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:160-171. [PMID: 35446938 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) techniques have been published for the estimation of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of telmisartan (TEL). No published literature has been reported to date which described the synchronous estimation of FDCs of TEL using a single chromatography condition. Hence, the RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for synchronous analysis of FDCs of TEL using an enhanced analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach to save time, cost and solvent for analysis. The implementation of AQbD was initiated with the identification of failure modes (FMs) using the Ishikawa diagram, and their critical effect analysis was carried out by risk priority number ranking and filtering method. The identified critical FMs were optimized by design of experiments-based response surface modeling using the Box-Behnken design. The method operable design region was navigated and control strategy was framed to mitigate the risk of critical FM. The RP-HPLC method was developed using Shim-Pack octadecyl silane C18 column and acetonitrile: 1.0%v/v triethylamine (pH 6.5 adjusted using perchloric acid; 42:58, %v/v). The developed method was found to be validated as per the International Council For Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. The method was applied for the synchronous assay of seven different FDCs of TEL and assay results were found in good compliance with the respective labeled claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
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Prajapati P, Shahi A, Acharya A, Shah S. Chemometric and Design of Experiments-Based Analytical Quality by Design and Green Chemistry Approaches to Multipurpose High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple Fixed-Dose Combinations of Azilsartan Medoxomil. J AOAC Int 2022; 106:250-260. [PMID: 35861364 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) is an anti-hypertensive drug, and its numerous FDCs are used for the treatment of hypertension. Numerous chromatographic methods have been reported for the estimation of FDCs of AZL, but analysts have to establish a separate chromatographic condition for the analysis of each FDC of AZL. No reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been reported yet that can be used for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL. OBJECTIVE Hence, the RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL to save time, cost, and solvent for the analysis. METHOD The RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed by the implementation of the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach based on chemometric and DoE as per the upcoming International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q14 guideline. RESULTS The method was applied for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL, and the assay results were found in compliance with the labeled claim of the FDCs. CONCLUSIONS The developed method requires less time, cost, and organic solvent for analysis of the said pharmaceutical dosage forms compared to published chromatographic methods. Hence, the developed method is green and multipurpose for the estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL. HIGHLIGHTS Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL using chemometric (principal component analysis and PLS) and design of experiments (DoE). Applications of the method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Abhinandan Shahi
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Aneri Acharya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
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Prajapati P, Ahir H, Prajapati B, Shah S. Chemometric-Based AQbD and Green Chemistry Approaches to Chromatographic Analysis of Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin. J AOAC Int 2022; 106:239-249. [PMID: 35822588 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the green chemistry approach, during method development, the usage of toxic and carcinogenic organic solvents should be avoided or minimized for the safety of the environment and analysts. The chromatographic methods such as reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) include the usage of class 2 organic solvents as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q3C (R6) guideline. The chromatographic analysis by HPTLC requires less organic solvent compared to the RP-HPLC method. OBJECTIVE Hence, HPTLC-based chromatographic analysis of vildagliptin (VIL) and remogliflozin etabonate (RMG) has been carried out using green chemistry and analytical quality by design (AQbD) approaches. METHOD The principal component analysis (PCA)-based chemometric analysis was applied for the identification of critical method variables (CMV) for the development of the method. The design of experiments (DoE)-based Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied for response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization of CMV. The analytical design space (ADS) and analytical control point were navigated for the development of the HPTLC method as per the quality target analytical profile. RESULTS The chromatographic analysis of VIL and RMG was carried out using silica gel G60 F254 as the stationary phase and acetone-ethyl acetate-water-triethylamine (7.0 + 2.5 + 0.3 + 0.2, v/v) as the mobile phase. The HPTLC method was validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The HPTLC method was applied for the assay of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of VIL and RMG, and the results were found to comply with their labeled claim. CONCLUSIONS The developed method included the usage of organic solvents that belong to the class 3 category as per the ICH Q3C (R6) guideline. Hence, the developed method can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to published chromatographic methods for quality control and routine analysis of FDCs of VIL and RMG in the pharmaceutical industry. HIGHLIGHTS Chromatographic analysis of VIL and RMG using green chemistry and AQbD approaches. Application of the method for assay of drugs in their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Rd, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Hetal Ahir
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Rd, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Bhumika Prajapati
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Rd, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Rd, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
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Prajapati P, Tailor P, Shahi A, Acharya A, Shah S. Application of Chemometry and Design of Experiments to Green HPTLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDCs of Cilnidipine. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1491-1501. [PMID: 35543467 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of cilnidipine (CIL) with chlorthalidone (CLT) and azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) are used for the treatment of hypertension. Numerous reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods have been reported in the literature for the estimation of FDCs of CIL. But no HPTLC method has been reported yet for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL to save time, organic solvent, and cost of analysis. In the recent scenario of green chemistry, the minimum usage of organic solvent in the development of the chromatographic method is highly desirable for the safety of the environment and analysts. OBJECTIVE Hence, a robust and green HPTLC method has been developed for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL using the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach. METHODS The chemometric tool was applied for the identification of the critical method variables (CMVs) and critical analytical attributes (CAAs) for the HPTLC method development. The design of experiments (DoE) was applied for the response surface analysis of identified CMVs and CAAs using the Box-Behnken design. The analytical design space and control strategy was framed for the lifecycle management of the HPTLC method. RESULTS The chromatographic separation was performed using silica gel G60 F254 as the stationary phase and toluene-ethyl acetate-methanol (6.5 + 2 + 1.5, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed method was applied for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL, and results were found in compliance with labeled claims. CONCLUSIONS The developed HPTLC method can be used as a green, economical, and rapid analytical tool for routine analysis and quality control of multiple FDCs of CIL in the pharmaceutical industry. HIGHLIGHTS Development of a HPTLC method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL using the AQbD approach based on principles of chemometry and DoE. Application of the developed method for synchronous assay of multiple FDCs of CIL to save time, cost, and solvent for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Department of Quality Assurance, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, 394 350 Gujarat, India
| | - Pratik Tailor
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Department of Quality Assurance, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, 394 350 Gujarat, India
| | - Abhinandan Shahi
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Department of Quality Assurance, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, 394 350 Gujarat, India
| | - Aneri Acharya
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Department of Quality Assurance, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, 394 350 Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Department of Quality Assurance, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, 394 350 Gujarat, India
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Prajapati PB, Mistry KY, Shah SA. DoE-Based Analytical Failure Modes Critical Effect Analysis (AFMCEA) to a Multipurpose-RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Metformin Hydrochloride Using an Analytical Quality by Design Approach. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:986-998. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Metformin hydrochloride is the first-choice antihyperglycemic agent and its several fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) with pioglitazone hydrochloride, sitagliptin phosphate, and gliclazide are used for the management of type II diabetes. Numerous reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and HPTLC methods have been reported for estimation of FDCs of metformin but each FDC needs separate and dedicated chromatographic conditions for analysis. No RP-HPLC method has been reported yet which promotes synchronous estimation of FDC products of metformin to save time, resources, cost, and organic solvent for analysis.
Objective
Hence, an economical and eco-friendly RP-HPLC method was developed for the synchronous estimation of FDCs of metformin hydrochloride using an enhanced analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach.
Methods
The AQbD approach was implemented using analytical-failure modes critical effects analysis (FMCEA) as per International council for harmonisation (ICH) Q8 and Q9 guidelines. The analytical-FMCEA was applied by identification of potential analytical failure modes followed by their risk assessment by a risk priority number (RPN) ranking and filtering method. Further, the risk of critical failure modes was controlled and mitigated by a design of experiments (DoE)-based Box–Behnken design by navigation of method operable design ranges (MODR).
Results
From the set of control strategies, the RP-HPLC method was developed using a Shim-Pack ODS C18 column and acetonitrile-0.1% triethylamine (40:60, v/v) triethylamine in water (pH 3.2 adjusted by perchloric acid). The method was found to be validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The synchronous estimation of different FDCs of metformin hydrochloride was carried out by the developed method.
Conclusion
The developed method can be used as a multipurpose chromatography method as an alternative to published chromatography methods for QC of FDCs of metformin hydrochloride in the pharmaceutical industry.
Highlights
The multipurpose RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the synchronous estimation of multiple combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of metformin hydrochloride. The method was developed by the implementation of the AFMCEA-based AQbD approach as per the regulatory requirements of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu B Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Krishna Y Mistry
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh A Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
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Prajapati PB, Patel PR, Shah SA. Chemometric and DoE-Based Analytical Quality Risk Management to HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metronidazole and Norfloxacin. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6503942. [PMID: 35022688 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
According to the upcoming ICH Q14 guideline, the development of an analytical method by the implementation of the AQbD approach based on analytical quality risk management and design of experiments will become a regulatory requirement for the registration of new drug substances and products. In literature, the HPTLC method has not been reported yet for simultaneous estimation of metronidazole and norfloxacin. Hence, the robust HPTLC method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of metronidazole and norfloxacin using QRM and the DoE-based enhanced AQbD approach. The principal component analysis was applied for chemometric-based risk assessment of method risk parameters. The high-risk method parameters were optimized by a DoE-based full-factorial design. The MODR and control strategy was estimated for quality risk management throughout the lifecycle of the HPTLC method. The HPTLC method was developed using silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and acetonitrile-methanol-formic acid-ammonia (9.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.3, v/v) as mobile phase. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed method was applied for the assay of combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of metronidazole and norfloxacin and results were found in compliance with their respective labeled claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu B Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Payal R Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh A Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
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Prajapati P, Naik K, Tailor P, Shah S. Screening Design and Response Surface Methodology for the Simultaneous Estimation of Carvedilol and Ivabradine HCl by HPTLC Method. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:859-870. [PMID: 34891166 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The combination of carvedilol (CAR) and ivabradine (IVA) is used for a greater reduction in heart rate and for achieving better exercise capacity in a patient with chronic heart failure. Numerous reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and hyphenated techniques have been reported for the simultaneous estimation of CAR and IVA, but the high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has not been reported yet. Hence, the robust HPTLC method has been developed by the implementation of an enhanced analytical quality by design approach based on the principles of analytical failure modes critical effect analysis (AFMCEA) and design of experiments (DoE) as per the upcoming ICH Q14 guideline. The AFMCEA was started by the identification of potential analytical failure modes followed by their critical effect analysis by a DoE-based screening design. The high-risk failure modes were optimized by DoE-based response surface methodology. The method operable design ranges and control strategy was framed for optimized chromatography conditions. The HPTLC method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The HPTLC method was applied for the assay of FDC of CAR and IVA, and results were found in compliance with the labeled claim. The developed method can be used as an alternative to the published RP-HPLC method for quality control of FDC of CAR and IVA in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva road, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Khushali Naik
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva road, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Pratik Tailor
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva road, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva road, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
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Prajapati P, Patel A, Shah S. DoE-Based Analytical Quality Risk Management for Enhanced AQbD Approach to Economical and Eco-Friendly RP-HPLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Antihypertensive Drugs. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:786-799. [PMID: 34619761 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the literature review, numerous chromatographic methods have been published for estimation of fixed-dose combination products of telmisartan but no reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been published yet for synchronous estimation of fixed-dose combination (FDC) products of telmisartan to save time, cost and solvent for analysis. Hence, an economical and eco-friendly RP-HPLC method has been developed for synchronous estimation of multiple FDC products of antihypertensive drugs using the quality risk management (QRM) and DoE-based enhanced analytical quality by design approach. The analytical-QRM was started with the identification of potential method risk parameters followed by their risk assessment by risk priority number ranking and filtering. The identified critical method parameters were optimized using the DoE-based central composite design. The method operable design range was navigated and the control strategy was framed for control and mitigation of risk throughout the life-cycle of the developed method. The method was developed using Shimpack Octadecyl silane (ODS) C18 column and acetonitrile-1.0%v/v triethylamine in water (pH 6.0; 45 + 55, %v/v). The developed method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed method was applied for the analysis of seven different antihypertensive dosage forms. The developed RP-HPLC method can be used as an eco-friendly, robust and economical alternative analytical tool to several published methods for estimation of FDC products of antihypertensive drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat, Gujarat 394 350, India
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