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Moura RDC, de Oliveira FA, Bezerra DDO, Pinheiro REE, Sfaciotte RAP, Fonteque JH, Ferraz SM, de Oliveira RP, Scheeren VFDC, Schwarz DGG. Spread analysis of glanders in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 105:102122. [PMID: 38219337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Brazil is strategic in controlling neglected zoonoses, such as glanders, in its territory. Among the Brazilian states, Piauí is a strategic state for the spread of the disease in the country. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of official cases of glanders in Piauí between 2015 and 2022. The glanders cases were located in the municipalities of the north and central-north mesoregions, mainly in Campo Maior, Teresina and Altos. The highest incidence risk (IR) occurred in of Altos (IR = 257.9), Sussuapara (IR = 158.4), and Teresina (IR = 157.7). A primary cluster was formed with a relative risk of 14.88 between 2019 and 2022, encompassing 34 municipalities in the north and central-north regions. In Piauí, glanders is well localized, with the potential for spread across borders. This is the first study demonstrating the distribution of reported cases of glanders in the state of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselma de Carvalho Moura
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Alyson de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Raizza Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joandes Henrique Fonteque
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raylson Pereira de Oliveira
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Verônica Flores da Cunha Scheeren
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Gaspar EB, dos Santos LR, do Egito AA, dos Santos MG, Mantovani C, Rieger JDSG, Abrantes GADS, Suniga PAP, Favacho JDM, Pinto IB, Nassar AFDC, dos Santos FL, de Araújo FR. Assessment of the Virulence of the Burkholderia mallei Strain BAC 86/19 in BALB/c Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2597. [PMID: 37894255 PMCID: PMC10609534 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus. As an obligate mammalian pathogen, it primarily affects solipeds. Although rarely transmitted to humans, the disease it causes, glanders, is classified as a zoonosis. The bacterium was officially eradicated in Brazil in 1969; however, it reemerged after three decades. This study aims to assess the virulence of a specific B. mallei strain, isolated in Brazil, in BALB/c mice through intranasal infection. The strain, B. mallei BAC 86/19, was obtained from the tracheal secretion of a young mare displaying positive serology but no clinical signs of glanders. Post-mortem examinations revealed macroscopic lesions consistent with the disease, however. In mice, the LD50 was determined to be approximately 1.59 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/animal. Mice exposed to either 0.1 × LD50 or 1 × LD50 displayed transient weight loss, which resolved after three or five days, respectively. B. mallei persisted within the liver and lung for five days post-infection and in the spleen for seven days. These findings underscore the detectable virulence of the Brazilian B. mallei BAC 86/19 strain in mice, which are relatively resilient hosts. This research points to the importance of the continued investigation of the virulence mechanisms and potential countermeasures associated with B. mallei infections, including their Brazilian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar
- Embrapa South Livestock, BR-153, Km 632, 9 Vila Industrial, Rural Area, Mailbox 242, Bagé 96401-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita Ramires dos Santos
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Andréa Alves do Egito
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Maria Goretti dos Santos
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Cynthia Mantovani
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Juliana da Silva Gomes Rieger
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Sousa Abrantes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Paula Adas Pereira Suniga
- MAI/DAI Scholarship, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Costa e Silva Ave., Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-FAMEZ/UFMS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Senador Filinto Muller Ave., 2443, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Batista Pinto
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | | | - Fernando Leandro dos Santos
- UFPE Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil;
| | - Flábio Ribeiro de Araújo
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
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Suniga PAP, Mantovani C, dos Santos MG, do Egito AA, Verbisck NV, dos Santos LR, Dávila AMR, Zimpel CK, Zerpa MCS, Chiebao DP, de Sá Guimarães AM, de Castro Nassar AF, de Araújo FR. Glanders Diagnosis in an Asymptomatic Mare from Brazil: Insights from Serology, Microbiological Culture, Mass Spectrometry, and Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2023; 12:1250. [PMID: 37887766 PMCID: PMC10609850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript elucidates the occurrence of glanders in an asymptomatic mare from Brazil presenting positive Burkholderia mallei antibody titers. The diagnosis was established through a multi-pronged approach encompassing microbiological culture, mass spectrometry, and genome sequencing. The outbreak occurred in 2019 in Tatuí, São Paulo, Brazil, and the infected mare, despite displaying no clinical symptoms, had multiple miliary lesions in the liver, as well as intense catarrhal discharge in the trachea. Samples were collected from various organs and subjected to bacterial isolation, molecular detection, and identification. The strain was identified as B. mallei using PCR and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 5.51 Mb with a GC content of 65.8%, 5871 genes (including 4 rRNA and 53 tRNA genes), and 5583 coding DNA sequences (CDSs). Additionally, 227 predicted pseudogenes were detected. In silico analysis of different genomic loci that allow for differentiation with Burkholderia pseudomallei confirmed the identity of the isolate as B. mallei, in addition to the characteristic genome size. The BAC 86/19 strain was identified as lineage 3, sublineage 2, which includes other strains from Brazil, India, and Iran. The genome sequencing of this strain provides valuable information that can be used to better understand the pathogen and its epidemiology, as well as to develop diagnostic tools for glanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Adas Pereira Suniga
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-FAMEZ/UFMS, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil; (P.A.P.S.); (A.A.d.E.)
- MAI/DAI Scholarship, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa E Silva, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Mantovani
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia, 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil;
| | | | - Andréa Alves do Egito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-FAMEZ/UFMS, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil; (P.A.P.S.); (A.A.d.E.)
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (M.G.d.S.); (N.V.V.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | | | | | - Alberto Martín Rivera Dávila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Kraemer Zimpel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Maria Carolina Sisco Zerpa
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.C.S.Z.); (A.M.d.S.G.)
| | - Daniela Pontes Chiebao
- Animal Health Research Center, Biological Institute, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, São Paulo 04014-002, SP, Brazil; (D.P.C.); (A.F.d.C.N.)
| | - Ana Márcia de Sá Guimarães
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.C.S.Z.); (A.M.d.S.G.)
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