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Li C, Zhang M, Du Y, Liu S, Li D, Zhang S, Ji F, Zhang J, Jiao J. Compromised cell competition exhausts neural stem cells pool. Cell Prolif 2024:e13710. [PMID: 39010274 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels play a crucial role in maintaining the stem cell niche in both tumours and developing organs. Cell competition is critical for tumour progression. We hypothesise that blood vessels may act as a regulator of this process. As a pioneer, the secretions of blood vessels regulate the intensity of cell competition, which is essential for tumour invasion and developmental organ extension. Brd4 expresses highly in endothelial cells within various tumours and is positively correlated with numerous invasive genes, making it an ideal focal point for further research on the relationship between blood vessels and cell competition. Our results indicated that the absence of endothelial Brd4 led to a reduction in neural stem cell mortality and compromised cell competition. Endothelial Brd4 regulated cell competition was dependent on Testican2. Testican2 was capable of depositing Sparc and acted as a suppressor of Sparc. Compromised cell competition resulted in the depletion of neural stem cells and accelerated brain ageing. Testican2 could rescue the run-off of neural stem cells and accelerate the turnover rate of neurons. AD patients show compromised cell competition. Through the cloning of a point mutant of Brd4 identified in a subset of AD patients, it was demonstrated that the mutant lacked the ability to promote cell competition. This study suggests a novel approach for treating age-related diseases by enhancing the intensity of cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Du
- College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shukui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kang JY, Cho H, Gil M, Lee H, Park S, Kim KE. The novel prognostic marker SPOCK2 regulates tumour progression in melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15092. [PMID: 38888196 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domain proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a protein that regulates cell differentiation and growth. Recent studies have reported that SPOCK2 plays important roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the role of SPOCK2 in melanoma remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the roles of SPOCK2 and the related mechanisms in melanoma progression. To evaluate the clinical significance of SPOCK2 expression in patients with melanoma, we analysed the association between SPOCK2 expression and its prognostic value for patients with melanoma using systematic multiomic analysis. Subsequently, to investigate the roles of Spock2 in melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo, we knocked down Spock2 in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. High SPOCK2 levels were positively associated with good prognosis and long survival rate of patients with melanoma. Spock2 knockdown promoted melanoma cell proliferation by inducing the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, Spock2 downregulation significantly increased cell migration and invasion by upregulating MMP2 and MT1-MMP. The increased cell proliferation and migration were inhibited by MAPK inhibitor, and ERK phosphorylation was considerably enhanced in Spock2 knockdown cells. Therefore, Spock2 could function as a tumour suppressor gene to regulate melanoma progression by regulating the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Additionally, Spock2 knockdown cell injection induced considerable tumour growth and lung metastasis in C57BL6 mice compared to that in the control group. Our findings suggest that SPOCK2 plays crucial roles in malignant progression of melanoma and functions as a novel therapeutic target of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeijin Cho
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang C, Xu Y, Xu M, Sun C, Zhang X, Tao X, Song T. SPOCK2 modulates neuropathic pain by interacting with MT1-MMP to regulate astrocytic MMP-2 activation in rats with chronic constriction injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:57. [PMID: 38388415 PMCID: PMC10885439 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of intractable pain. The pathogenesis of NP remains a complicated issue for pain management practitioners. SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) are members of the SPOCK family that play a significant role in the development of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of SPOCK2 in the development of NP in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped to establish CCI models. We examined the effects of SPOCK2 on pain hpersensitivity and spinal astrocyte activation after CCI-induced NP. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were used to reflects the pain behavioral degree. Molecular mechanisms involved in SPOCK2-mediated NP in vivo were examined by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, we examined the SPOCK2-mediated potential protein-protein interaction (PPI) in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments. RESULTS We founded the expression level of SPOCK2 in rat spinal cord was markedly increased after CCI-induced NP, while SPOCK2 downregulation could partially relieve pain caused by CCI. Our research showed that SPOCK2 expressed significantly increase in spinal astrocytes when CCI-induced NP. In addition, SPOCK2 could act as an upstream signaling molecule to regulate the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β production in the development of NP. Moreover, in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments showed that SPOCK2 could interact with membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14) to regulate MMP-2 activation by the SPARC extracellular (SPARC_EC) domain. CONCLUSIONS Research shows that SPOCK2 can interact with MT1-MMP to regulate MMP-2 activation, thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and IL-1β production to achieve positive promotion of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Aghamaliyev U, Su K, Weniger M, Koch D, D'Haese JG, Werner J, Bazhin AV. SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04845-5. [PMID: 37188984 PMCID: PMC10374688 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a widespread form of malignant pancreatic neoplasms and a leading oncologic cause of death in Europe and the USA. Despite advances in understanding its molecular biology, the 5-year survival rate remains low at 10%. The extracellular matrix in PDAC contains proteins, including SPOCK2, which are essential for tumorigenicity and drug resistance. The present study aims to explore the possible role of SPOCK2 in the pathogenesis of PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of SPOCK2 was evaluated in 7 PDAC cell lines and 1 normal pancreatic cell line using quantitative RT-PCR. Demethylation of the gene was carried out using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment with subsequent validation Western Blot analysis. In vitro downregulation of SPOCK2 gene was performed using siRNA transfection. MTT and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the impact of the SPOK2 demethylation on the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. KM Plotter was applied to analyze a correlation between SPOCK2 mRNA expression and the survival of PDAC patients. RESULTS In contrast to the normal pancreatic cell line, SPOCK2 expression was significantly downregulated in PDAC cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-dC, led to increase in SPOCK2 expression in the cell lines tested. Importantly, compared with control cells, transfected with SPOCK2 siRNA cells exhibited increased growth rates and more migration ability. Finally, we demonstrated that a high SPOCK2 expression level correlated with longer overall survival of patients with PDAC. CONCLUSION The expression of SPOCK2 is downregulated in PDAC as a result of hypermethylation of its corresponding gene. SPOCK2 expression as well as the demethylation of its gene could be a potential marker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ughur Aghamaliyev
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaifeng Su
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weniger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany.
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Liu Y, Fan X, Jiang C, Xu S. SPOCK2 and SPRED1 function downstream of EZH2 to impede the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Hum Cell 2023; 36:812-821. [PMID: 36629984 PMCID: PMC9832413 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important epigenetic regulator, and is associated with the malignant progression of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of EZH2 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. The relationship between EZH2 and SPOCK2 or SPRED1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were analyzed to examine the expression of SPOCK2 and SPRED1 and their prognostic values of LUAD. The effects of SPOCK2 and SPRED1 on the biological characters of LUAD cells were identified on functional assays in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that EZH2 suppressed the expression and transcriptional activity of SPOCK2 and SPRED1, and these effects were reversed by the EZH2 inhibitor, Tazemetostat. SPOCK2 and SPRED1 were expressed at low levels in LUAD patients, and a high expression level of SPOCK2 or SPRED1 predicted better survival. Moreover, overexpression of SPOCK2 or SPRED1 could inhibit tumoral proliferation, migration ratio, and invasion activity in vitro as well as retard tumor growth in vivo. However, EZH2 elevation could rescue these impacts and accelerate LUAD progression. Our findings reveal that SPOCK2 and SPRED1 are epigenetically suppressed by EZH2 and may act as novel regulators to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Changrui Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Dai F, Li B, Cheng Y. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq unveils heterogeneity and establishes a novel signature for prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 36642706 PMCID: PMC9841625 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous gynecological malignancy that seriously affects the survival and prognosis of female patients. Single-cell sequencing and transcriptome analysis can effectively characterize tumor heterogeneity to better study the mechanism of occurrence and development. In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes with different differentiation outcomes of tumor cells by analyzing a single-cell dataset. Based on the differentially expressed genes, we explored the differences in function and tumor microenvironment among clusters via consensus clustering. Meanwhile, WGCNA was employed to obtain key genes related to ovarian cancer. On the basis of the TCGA and GEO datasets, we constructed a risk model consisting of 7 genes using the LASSO regression model, and successfully verified that the model was characterized as an independent prognostic factor, efficiently predicting the survival prognosis of patients. In addition, immune signature analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group exhibited lower anti-tumor immune cell infiltration and immunosuppressive status, and had poorer responsiveness to chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapy. In conclusion, our study provided a 7-gene prognostic model based on the heterogeneity of OC cells for ovarian cancer patients, which could effectively predict the prognosis of patients and identify the immune microenvironment status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Wang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Bingshu Li
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Jiao M, Sun W, Li L, Li C, Zhou J, Li Q, Duan L. Clinical significance of SPOCK2 expression signature for high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:878123. [PMID: 36246613 PMCID: PMC9554533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SPOCK2 is a member of the SPOCK family, a 424-amino acid protein that binds to glycosaminoglycans to form proteoglycans. The purpose of this study was to explore expression profile of SPOCK2, and evaluate prognostic potential and its correlation with immune infiltration in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Methods: Expression of SPOCK2 mRNA and protein between normal and tumor tissues were analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate diagnostic performance of SPOCK2. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted to assess the effect of SPOCK2 on survival. Nomogram was used to predict the impact of SPOCK2 on prognosis. LinkedOmics were used to find correlated genes and perform functional enrichment analyses. The relationships between SPOCK2 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were determined by tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) and GSVA package (V1.34.0). Results: SPOCK2 was highly expressed in HGSOC tissue compared to normal tissue at both mRNA (p < 0.001) and protein (p = 0.03) levels. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.894 (CI: 0.865–0.923). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HGSOC patients with high-level SPOCK2 mRNA expression had a worse overall survival (OS) than those with a low expression (HR = 1.45, p = 0.005). Univariate logistic regression analysis found that age, primary therapy outcome, tumor status, tumor residual, and SPOCK2 expression level were significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). The nomogram model indicated an effective predictive performance of SPOCK2. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) term analyses showed that SPOCK2 were mainly involved in regulating extracellular matrix. Immune infiltration analysis showed that SPOCK2 may correlate with abundance of TILs. Conclusion: SPOCK2 has potentials to estimate diagnosis and prognosis for HGSOC and is involved in regulating extracellular matrix and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jiao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Lian Duan,
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Zhao S, Liu H, Fan M. SPOCK2 Promotes the Malignant Behavior of Ovarian Cancer via Regulation of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9223954. [PMID: 36193300 PMCID: PMC9525767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9223954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common clinical gynecological disease, which seriously threatens women's health and life. We investigated the roles of SPOCK2 in OC and its associated molecular mechanism in the current study. Methods The expressions and prognostic value of SPOCK2 in OC were identified using the clinical data and data from the GEPIA database. Then, SPOCK2 silence was implemented to search functions of SPOCK2 in OC cells. CCK-8 was used to examine cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The OC cell invasion and migration were evaluated by transwell assays. Results Overexpressed SPOCK2 was identified in OC, which was correlated with poor prognosis and a shorter survival rate. SPOCK2 downregulation significantly suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and cell apoptosis was markedly promoted by SPOCK2 silence. Meanwhile, SPOCK2 knockdown could effectively suppress Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusion SPOCK2 exerted crucial functions in OC progression and could serve as a promising candidate for OC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Obstetrical Department, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Mingying Fan
- Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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Long Noncoding RNA MMP2-AS1 Contributes to Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Modulating miR-34c-5p/MMP2 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7346460. [PMID: 35342412 PMCID: PMC8942703 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7346460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) serves as a prevalent malignancy of urinary system and presents severe mortality and increasing incidence. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated critical roles in RCC development. Here, we were interested in the function of MMP2-AS1 during RCC progression. We observed that MP2-AS1 localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm of RCC cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells were reduced by the depletion of MMP2-AS1. The MMP2-AS1 depletion-inhibited viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells were rescued by the overexpression of MMP2 in vitro. Consistently, the tumor growth of RCC cells was repressed by the depletion of MMP2-AS1 in the nude mice, while the overexpression of MMP2 could reverse this effect in vivo. Mechanically, we predicted the potential interaction of miR-34c-5p with both MMP2-AS1 and MMP2. The treatment of miR-34c-5p mimic reduced the luciferase activity of MMP2-AS1 and MMP2 3'UTR. The depletion of MMP2-AS1 enhanced miR-34c-5p expression and the expression of MMP2 was inhibited by miR-34c-5p in RCC cells. The protein levels of MMP2 were downregulated by MMP2-AS1 knockdown, while the inhibitor of miR-34c-5p rescued the expression of MMP2 in the cells. The treatment of miR-34c-5p mimic attenuated the cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells, in which MMP2 overexpression restored the phenotypes. MMP2-AS1 depletion-attenuated viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells were reversed by miR-34c-5p inhibitor. We concluded that MMP2-AS1 contributed to progression of renal cell carcinoma by modulating miR-34c-5p/MMP2 axis.
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Gao S, Zhou H, Luo S, Cai X, Ye F, He Q, Huang C, Zheng X, Li Y, Du Z, Wang Y, Qi Z, Wang Z. Investigating the Causal Relationship Between Physical Activity and Chronic Back Pain: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:758639. [PMID: 34987546 PMCID: PMC8721110 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent observational studies have reported a negative association between physical activity and chronic back pain (CBP), but the causality of the association remains unknown. We introduce bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess potential causal inference between physical activity and CBP. Materials and Methods: This two-sample MR used independent genetic variants associated with physical activity and CBP as genetic instruments from large genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The effects of both directions (physical activity to CBP and CBP to physical activity) were examined. Inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis and alternate methods (weighted median and MR-Egger) were used to combine the MR estimates of the genetic instruments. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results. Results: The MR set parallel GWAS cohorts, among which, those involved in the primary analysis were comprised of 337,234 participants for physical activity and 158,025 participants (29,531 cases) for CBP. No evidence of a causal relationship was found in the direction of physical activity to CBP [odds ratio (OR), 0.98; 95% CI, 0.85-1.13; p = 0.81]. In contrast, a negative causal relationship in the direction of CBP to physical activity was detected (β = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.01; p = 0.02), implying a reduction in moderate-vigorous physical activity (approximately 146 MET-minutes/week) for participants with CBP relative to controls. Conclusion: The negative relationship between physical activity and CBP is probably derived from the reduced physical activity of patients experiencing CBP rather than the protective effect of physical activity on CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulan He
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanxin Du
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Qi
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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The anti-ovarian cancer effect of RPV modified paclitaxel plus schisandra B liposomes in SK-OV-3 cells and tumor-bearing mice. Life Sci 2021; 285:120013. [PMID: 34614418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Due to poor targeting ability of anti-tumor drugs and self-adaptation of tumors, the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer is still poorly effective. In recent years, the treatment of tumor with nano-targeted agents has become a potential research focus. In this study, a new type of short cell-penetrating peptide RPV-modified paclitaxel plus schisandrin B liposomes were constructed to disrupt VM channels, angiogenesis, proliferation and migration for the treatment of ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, clone assay, TUNEL, Transwell, wound-healing, CAM and mimics assay were used to detect the effects of RPV-modified liposomes on ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells before and after treatment. HE-staining, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to further detect the expression of tumor-related proteins. KEY FINDINGS RPV-modified paclitaxel plus schisandrin B liposomes can inhibit angiogenesis, VM channel formation, invasion and proliferation of ovarian SK-OV-3 cells. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that tumor-related protein expression was down-regulated. Modification of RPV can prolong the retention time of liposome in vivo and accumulate in the tumor site, increasing the anti-tumor efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE The RPV-modified paclitaxel plus schisandrin B liposomes have good anti-tumor effect, thus may provide a new avenue for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Zhao J, Cheng M, Gai J, Zhang R, Du T, Li Q. SPOCK2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:588499. [PMID: 33244319 PMCID: PMC7683796 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major types of lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are positively associated with overall survival (OS) in LUAD. The SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a complex type of secreted proteoglycan involved in forming a protective barrier against viral infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SPOCK2 and TIICs and the prognostic role of SPOCK2 in LUAD. The GEPIA2, GEO, CPTAC, and HPA databases were analyzed to examine both the mRNA and protein expression of SPOCK2 in LUAD. GEPIA2 and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter (KM Plotter) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SPOCK2 in LUAD patients. TCGA data were examined for a correlation between SPOCK2 expression and clinical characteristics. Gene enrichment analyses were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of SPOCK2 based on LinkedOmics. RegNetwork was used to predict the regulators of SPOCK2. The correlation between SPOCK2 and TIICs, including immune infiltration level and relative proportion was investigated via TIMER. KM Plotter was also used to evaluate the prognostic role of SPOCK2 expression in LUAD with enriched and decreased TIIC subgroups. We found SPOCK2 was significantly downregulated in LUAD compared with that in non-tumor controls and was correlated with clinical parameters. Moreover, a high SPOCK2 expression level predicted better survival. The SPOCK2-associated regulatory network was constructed. SPOCK2 influenced the TIIC infiltration level and relative proportion in LUAD. Furthermore, a high SPOCK2 expression level was associated with a favorable prognosis in enriched CD4 + T cells and macrophage subgroups in LUAD. In conclusion, a high level of SPOCK2 expression predicted favorable prognosis and was significantly correlated with TIICs in LUAD. Therefore, the expression of SPOCK2 may affect the prognosis of LUAD partly due to TIICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junda Gai
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tengjiao Du
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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