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Cabrera S, de la Calle I, Baulies S, Gil-Moreno A, Colas E. Screening Strategies to Improve Early Diagnosis in Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5445. [PMID: 39336931 PMCID: PMC11432712 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in high-income countries and the sixth most common cancer in women. Overall incidence has risen in the last few decades as a consequence of the increase in the prevalence of its risk factors, mainly obesity and the aging of the population, and although diagnoses have increased across all age groups, the incidence rates have doubled in women under the age of 40 years. The survival rates of endometrial cancer are highly dependent on its stage at diagnosis, bringing to the fore the importance of early diagnosis. The aim of a screening strategy in this type of tumor should be to detect the disease in the pre-invasive or early stage (before developing myometrial invasion), which would improve cure rates, reduce the morbidity associated with aggressive treatment and offer uterus-sparing management options for younger women. The ideal screening tool in this scenario would be a minimally invasive, inexpensive and easy-to-perform test or auto-test, which could be implemented in a routine gynecologic checkup of patients at-risk or in the general adult population. In this comprehensive review, we aim to define the populations at higher risk of developing endometrial cancer, to assess the performance of current diagnostic tools when used in a screening setting and to discuss the accuracy of new molecular screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cabrera
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación Santiago Dexeus Font, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Department, Dexeus Mujer, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene de la Calle
- Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Baulies
- Fundación Santiago Dexeus Font, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Department, Dexeus Mujer, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Włodarczyk K, Kuryło W, Pawłowska-Łachut A, Skiba W, Suszczyk D, Pieniądz P, Majewska M, Boniewska-Bernacka E, Wertel I. circRNAs in Endometrial Cancer-A Promising Biomarker: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6387. [PMID: 38928094 PMCID: PMC11203539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors among women in the 21st century, whose mortality rate is increasing every year. Currently, the diagnosis of EC is possible only after a biopsy. However, it is necessary to find a new biomarker that will help in both the diagnosis and treatment of EC in a non-invasive way. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small, covalently closed spherical and stable long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) molecules, which are abundant in both body fluids and human tissues and are expressed in various ways. Considering the new molecular classification of EC, many studies have appeared, describing new insights into the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in EC. In this review article, we focused on the problem of EC and the molecular aspects of its division, as well as the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and clinical significance of circRNAs in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Włodarczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
| | - Weronika Kuryło
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
| | - Anna Pawłowska-Łachut
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
| | - Wiktoria Skiba
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
| | - Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
| | - Paulina Pieniądz
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Boniewska-Bernacka
- Medical Department, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.P.-Ł.); (W.S.); (D.S.); (P.P.); (I.W.)
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Albertí-Valls M, Megino-Luque C, Macià A, Gatius S, Matias-Guiu X, Eritja N. Metabolomic-Based Approaches for Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:185. [PMID: 38201612 PMCID: PMC10778161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in developed countries, is experiencing a sustained rise in both its incidence and mortality rates, primarily attributed to extended life expectancy and lifestyle factors. Currently, the absence of precise diagnostic tools hampers the effective management of the expanding population of women at risk of developing this disease. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer require precise risk stratification to align with optimal treatment planning. Metabolomics technology offers a unique insight into the molecular landscape of endometrial cancer, providing a promising approach to address these unmet needs. This comprehensive literature review initiates with an overview of metabolomic technologies and their intrinsic workflow components, aiming to establish a fundamental understanding for the readers. Subsequently, a detailed exploration of the existing body of research is undertaken with the objective of identifying metabolite biomarkers capable of enhancing current strategies for endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence monitoring. Metabolomics holds vast potential to revolutionize the management of endometrial cancer by providing accuracy and valuable insights into crucial aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Albertí-Valls
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
| | - Cristina Megino-Luque
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna Macià
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Gran via de l’Hospitalet 199, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Eritja
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (X.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)
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Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, Ali EM, Rashed MH, El-Demerdash FES, Doghish AS. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of endometrial cancer: a spotlight on the convergence of signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154411. [PMID: 36921547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd common cancer in females after breast cancer. Besides, it's the most common among gynecological cancers. Several epigenetic factors such as miRNAs have been reported to affect EC aspects including initiation, progression, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. miRNAs could regulate the expression of various genes involved in EC pathogenesis. This effect is attributed to miRNAs' effects in proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. miRNAs also influence crucial EC-related mechanistic pathways such as JAK/STAT axis, EGFR, TGF-β signaling, and P53. Beside pathogenesis, miRNAs also have the potential to affect EC response to treatments including radio and chemotherapy. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the link between miRNAs and EC; focusing on the effects of miRNAs on EC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Helmy Rashed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Saeed El-Demerdash
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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Thakur L, Thakur S. The interplay of sex steroid hormones and microRNAs in endometrial cancer: current understanding and future directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166948. [PMID: 37152960 PMCID: PMC10161733 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometrial cancer is a hormone-dependent malignancy, and sex steroid hormones play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of sex steroid hormone receptors and modulate hormone signaling pathways. Our aim is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer regulated by sex steroid hormone pathways. Methods A thorough literature search was carried out in the PubMed database. The articles published from 2018 to the present were included. Keywords related to miRNAs, endometrial cancer, and sex steroid hormones were used in the search. Results Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to abnormal sex steroid hormone signaling and the development of endometrial cancer. Various miRNAs have been identified as modulators of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and the miRNA expression profile has been shown to be a predictor of response to hormone therapy. Additionally, specific miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of genes involved in hormone-related signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Conclusion The regulation of sex steroid hormones by miRNAs is a promising area of research in endometrial cancer. Future studies should focus on elucidating the functional roles of specific miRNAs in sex steroid hormone signaling and identifying novel miRNA targets for hormone therapy in endometrial cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovlesh Thakur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Thakur
- Origin LIFE Healthcare Solutions and Research Center, Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil Thakur,
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