1
|
Jia X, He Y, Li L, Xu D. Pharmacological targeting of gastric mucosal barrier with traditional Chinese medications for repairing gastric mucosal injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1091530. [PMID: 37361204 PMCID: PMC10285076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastric mucosa (GM) is the first barrier and vital interface in the stomach that protects the host from hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and defends against exogenous insults to gastric tissues. The use of traditional Chinese medications (TCMs) for the treatment of gastric mucosal injury (GMI) has long-standing history and a good curative effect. Whereas there are poor overall reports on the intrinsic mechanisms of these TCM preparations that pharmacology uses to protect body from GMI, which is crucial to treating this disease. These existing reviews have deficiencies that limit the clinical application and development of both customary prescriptions and new drugs. Methods: Further basic and translational studies must be done to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of influence of these TCM preparations. Moreover, well-designed and well-conducted experiences and clinical trials are necessary to ascertain the efficacy and mechanisms of these agents. Therefore, this paper presents a focused overview of currently published literature to assess how TCMs action that facilitates the cures for GMI. It offers a whole train of current state of pharmacological evidence, identifies the pharmacological mechanisms of TCMs on GM, and highlights that remarkable capacity of TCMs to restore GM after damage. Results: These TCMs preparations promote the repair of multicomponent targets such as the gastric mucus, epithelial layer, blood flow (GMBF) and lamina propria barrier. Summary: Overall, this study has summarized the essential regulatory mechanisms and pharmacological efficacy of TCMs on new and productive therapeutic targets. Discussion: This review provides an avenue for studying various drugs with potentially promising effects on mucosal integrity, as well as subsequent pharmacological studies, clinical applications, and new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad MH, Zezi AU, Anafi SB, Alshargi OY, Mohammed M, Mustapha S, Bala AA, Muhammad S, Julde SM, Wada AS, Jatau AI. Sub-acute toxicity study on hydromethanolic leaves extract of Combretum hypopilinum (Combretaceae) Diels in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:487-502. [PMID: 36277361 PMCID: PMC9532474 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae) has been utilized in Nigeria and other African nations to treat many diseases including liver, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, respiratory, infectious diseases, epilepsy and many more. Pharmacological investigations have shown that the plant possesses anti-infective, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, sedative, antioxidant, and antiepileptic potentials. However, information on its toxicity profile is unavailable despite the plant's therapeutic potential. As such, this work aimed to determine the acute and sub-acute oral toxic effects of the hydromethanolic leaves extract of C. hypopilinum. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation was carried out based on standard procedures. The acute toxicity evaluation was conducted by oral administration of the extract at the dose of 5000 mg/kg based on the guideline of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423. To investigate the sub-acute toxicity effects, the extract was administered orally to the animals daily for 28-consecutive days at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Mortality, body weight and relative organ weight were observed. The hepatic, renal, haematological, and lipid profile parameters were investigated. The liver, kidney, heart, lung, small intestine, and stomach were checked for any histopathological alterations. The results of the phytochemical investigation showed cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenes. Based on the acute toxicity investigation outcome, no death and signs of toxic effects were observed. The result showed that the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was more than the 5000 mg/kg. The extract remarkably reduced the weekly body weight of the animals at 500 mg/kg in the first and second weeks. It also significantly decreased the relative kidney weight, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, potassium, and low-density lipoprotein. There was a remarkable elevation in the percentage of eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and granulocyte. There were histopathological abnormalities on the kidney, lung, stomach, and small intestine. The extract is relatively safe on acute exposure but moderately toxic at higher doses on sub-acute administration, particularly to the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Abdulkadir Umar Zezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Sherifat Bola Anafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Sagir Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Auwal Adam Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Surajuddeen Muhammad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Abubakar Sadiq Wada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|