1
|
Liang Q, Li D, Li J, Li Y, Zou Y, Zhang Y. Protective effect of Danshensu against neurotoxicity induced by monosodium glutamate in adult mice and their offspring. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25546. [PMID: 38356496 PMCID: PMC10865244 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive neuronal excitation by glutamate is a well-established cause of neurotoxicity, leading to severe impairment of brain function. Excitotoxicity is a key factor in numerous neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Danshensu (DSS) against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice and their offspring. We randomly divided one hundred 8-week-old Kunming mice (equal number of males and females) into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was further subdivided into various treatment groups, including MSG gavage treatment, bwbw DSS treatment group 1 (bwbw DSS treatment group 2, a drug control group, and a normal control group (receiving an equal volume of physiological saline for ten consecutive days). Additionally, another one hundred healthy 8-week-old Kunming mice were similarly divided into groups and treated. These mice were paired randomly (one male and one female) and pregnant females were housed separately to obtain offspring. Subsequently, we conducted histological and behavioral analyses on adult mice and their offspring. MSG treatment induced significant cellular edema and hippocampal damage in both the treated mice and their offspring. However, varying doses of DSS effectively counteracted the neurotoxic effects of MSG, with no adverse impact on brain tissue structure or neural function in either adult mice or their offspring. Behavioral experiments further confirmed that DSS exerted a substantial protective effect against MSG-induced impairment of learning and memory in the treated adult mice and their offspring, in addition to mitigating central nervous system overexcitation and inhibiting exploratory behavior. In conclusion, DSS exerts significant protective effects against MSG-induced neurotoxicity in both adult mice and their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liang
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
- Hainan Institute for Food and Drug Control Haikou Branch, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Dingguo Li
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Jianli Li
- Hainan Institute for Food and Drug Control Haikou Branch, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
| | - Yanan Zou
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karagac MS, Ceylan H. Neuroprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Neurotoxic Outputs of Monosodium Glutamate in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:670-680. [PMID: 37713032 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate in monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is widely used in the food industry, has an important role in major brain functions such as memory, learning, synapse formation, and stabilization. However, extensive use of MSG has been linked with neurotoxicity. Therefore, in addition to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of MSG-induced neurotoxicity, it is also important to determine safe agents that can diminish the damage caused by MSG. Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol that exhibits versatile physiological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and radical scavenging. This study was conducted to assess the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of these two dietary components in the rat cerebral cortex. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups and were treated with MSG (2 g/kg) and TA (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination for 3 weeks. Alterations in oxidative stress indicators (MDA and GSH) were measured in the cortex tissues. In addition, changes in enzymatic activities and gene expression patterns of antioxidant system components (GST, GPx, CAT, and SOD) were investigated. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of FoxO transcription factors (Foxo1 and Foxo3) and apoptotic markers (Casp3 and Casp9) were assessed. Results revealed that dietary TA intake significantly rehabilitated MSG-induced dysregulation in cortical tissue by regulating redox balance, cellular homeostasis, and apoptosis. The present study proposes that MSG-induced detrimental effects on cortical tissue are potentially mitigated by TA via modulation of oxidative stress, cell metabolism, and programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medine Sibel Karagac
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moldovan OL, Vari CE, Tero-Vescan A, Cotoi OS, Cocuz IG, Tabaran FA, Pop R, Fülöp I, Chis RF, Lungu IA, Rusu A. Potential Defence Mechanisms Triggered by Monosodium Glutamate Sub-Chronic Consumption in Two-Year-Old Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4436. [PMID: 37892513 PMCID: PMC10610236 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid (GLA), used as a flavour enhancer. MSG is considered a controversial substance. It is incriminated in disturbing the antioxidant system, but also has beneficial effects, as GLA metabolism plays a crucial role in homeostasis. This study highlights which positive or negative aspects of MSG sub-chronic consumption are better reflected in subjects potentially affected by advanced age. Daily doses of MSG were administered to four groups of two-year-old Wistar rats for 90 days: (I) 185 mg/kg bw, (II) 1500 mg/kg bw, (III) 3000 mg/kg bw and (IV) 6000 mg/kg bw, compared to a MSG non-consumer group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, direct and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea levels were analysed; stomach, liver and kidney samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. Although, in most cases, there were no statistical differences, interesting aspects of the dose-effect relationship were observed. After MSG sub-chronic consumption, the positive aspects of GLA seem to be reflected better than the negative ones. The hormesis effect, with low-level reactive oxygen species' protective effects and GLA metabolism, may represent the hypothesis of a potential defence mechanism triggered by MSG sub-chronic consumption in ageing rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (O.S.C.); (I.G.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (O.S.C.); (I.G.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Alexandru Tabaran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.A.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Romelia Pop
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.A.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Ibolya Fülöp
- Toxicology and Biopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Rafael Florin Chis
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ioana-Andreea Lungu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile Fruit Pulp on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in Swiss Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7576132. [PMID: 35449814 PMCID: PMC9017515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7576132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (B. aegyptiaca) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of memory impairment. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of BA fruit pulp extract on excitotoxicity induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). MSG was administered 30 minutes after treatment with B. aegyptiaca aqueous fruit pulp extract (50, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg) for 30 days. The negative control group received only MSG, while the control group was given distilled water daily. Behavioral tests parameters (using the novel object recognition, Y-maze, and Barnes maze tests), oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase), nitric oxide, and acetylcholinesterase activity and hippocampal architecture were evaluated. Results obtained revealed that different doses of B. aegyptiaca significantly reversed the deleterious effect of MSG on memory. This was displayed by a significant (
) increment in the percentage of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and a significant (
) increase in discrimination index in novel object recognition observed with 500 mg/kg extract dose. Moreover, the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg doses) significantly (
) increased direct search strategy and significantly decreased (
) the time taken to find the target hole in the Barnes maze. A modulation of hyperactivity was observed after administration of all extract doses compared to the negative control group in the open arena. Furthermore, the highest dose of the extract caused a significant (
) improvement in antioxidant enzymes activity, associated with a significant (
) decrement in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentrations and a significant (
) decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. Treatment with the extract also restored normal hippocampal cell architecture. B. aegyptiaca fruit pulp extract could thus confer neuroprotection through its antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moldovan OL, Rusu A, Tanase C, Vari CE. Glutamate - A multifaceted molecule: Endogenous neurotransmitter, controversial food additive, design compound for anti-cancer drugs. A critical appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112290. [PMID: 34023459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used flavour enhancers in the food industry is monosodium glutamate (MSG). MSG consumption has been on an upward trend, worrying in terms of potential toxic effects. This review is focused on the long-term toxicity of MSG and the experimental evidence that supports it. The article's primary purpose was to survey recently published data regarding the consumption of MSG within safe limits. The administered doses in animal models are very varied and have given rise to controversy. Also, the paper comprises pathways to lower MSG toxicity and highlight other underexploited biological effects, as anti-cancer potential. The administration of MSG, combined with various compounds, has been shown benefit against toxic effects. Several recent studies have identified a possible mechanism that recommends MSG and some derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. New anti-cancer compounds based on the glutamic acid structure must be studied and further exploited. International regulations require harmonization of safe doses of MSG based on current scientific studies. Replacing MSG with other umami flavour enhancers may be a safer alternative for human health in the future. The biological consequences of MSG consumption or therapeutical administration have not been fully deciphered yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|