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Romero IE, Barata-Vallejo S, Bonesi SM, Postigo A. Perfluoroalkylation of Triarylamines by EDA Complexes and Ulterior Sensitized [6π]-Electrocyclization to Perfluoroalkylated Endo-Carbazoles. Mechanistic and Photophysical Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400905. [PMID: 38536766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Blue LEDs-irradiation of a mixture of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) - Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA)-complex - in the presence of triphenylamines (TPAs) in an aqueous solvent mixture afforded mono-perfluoroalkylated triphenylamines (RF-TPA) in good yields. These RF-TPA were further subjected to acetone-sensitized [6π]-electrocyclization at 315 nm-irradiation affording exclusively perfluoroalkylated endo-carbazole derivatives (RF-CBz) in quantitative yields. Mechanistic studies and photophysical properties of products are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
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Ntsimango S, Gandidzanwa S, Joseph SV, Hosten EC, Randall M, Edkins AL, Khene SM, Mashazi P, Nyokong T, Abrahams A, Tshentu ZR. Reaction of Perrhenate with Phthalocyanine Derivatives in the Presence of Reducing Agents and Rhenium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200037. [PMID: 35856692 PMCID: PMC9297772 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel alternative route to access rhenium(V)−phthalocyanine complexes through direct metalation of metal‐free phthalocyanines (H2Pcs) with a rhenium(VII) salt in the presence of various two‐electron reducing agents is presented. Direct ion metalation of tetraamino‐ or tetranitrophthalocyanine with perrhenate (ReO4−) in the presence of triphenylphosphine led to oxidative decomposition of the H2Pcs, giving their respective phthalonitriles. Conversely, treatment of H2Pcs with ReO4− employing sodium metabisulfite yielded the desired ReVO−Pc complex. Finally, reaction of H2Pcs with ReO4− and NaBH4 as reducing agent led to the formation of rhenium oxide (RexOy) nanoparticles (NPs). The NP synthesis was optimised, and the RexOy NPs were capped with folic acid (FA) conjugated with tetraaminophthalocyanine (TAPc) to enhance their cancer cell targeting ability. The cytotoxicity profile of the resultant RexOy−TAPc−FA NPs was assessed and found to be greater than 80 % viability in four cell lines, namely, MDA−MB‐231, HCC7, HCC1806 and HEK293T. Non‐cytotoxic concentrations were determined and employed in cancer cell localization studies. The particle size effect on localization of NPs was also investigated using confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The smaller NPs (≈10 nm) were found to exhibit stronger fluorescence properties than the ≈50 nm NPs and exhibited better cell localization ability than the ≈50 nm NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songeziwe Ntsimango
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa.,Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | | | - Sinelizwi V Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa
| | - Eric C Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa
| | - Marvin Randall
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Samson M Khene
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Philani Mashazi
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.,Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Abubak'r Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa
| | - Zenixole R Tshentu
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa
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