1
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Cortés-Villena A, Bellezza D, Cunha C, Rosa-Pardo I, Seijas-Da Silva Á, Pina J, Abellán G, Seixas de Melo JS, Galian RE, Pérez-Prieto J. Engineering Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with BODIPY Dyes for Photosensitization and Photocatalytic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14479-14492. [PMID: 38572736 PMCID: PMC11140745 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The sensitization of surface-anchored organic dyes on semiconductor nanocrystals through energy transfer mechanisms has received increasing attention owing to their potential applications in photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis, and photon upconversion. Here, we investigate the sensitization mechanisms through visible-light excitation of two nanohybrids based on CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NC) functionalized with borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, specifically 8-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BDP) and 8-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (I2-BDP), named as NC@BDP and NC@I2-BDP, respectively. The ability of I2-BDP dyes to extract hot hole carriers from the perovskite nanocrystals is comprehensively investigated by combining steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence as well as femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with spectroelectrochemistry and quantum chemical theoretical calculations, which together provide a complete overview of the phenomena that take place in the nanohybrid. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) dominates (82%) the photosensitization of the singlet excited state of BDP in the NC@BDP nanohybrid with a rate constant of 3.8 ± 0.2 × 1010 s-1, while charge transfer (64%) mediated by an ultrafast charge transfer rate constant of 1.00 ± 0.08 × 1012 s-1 from hot states and hole transfer from the band edge is found to be mainly responsible for the photosensitization of the triplet excited state of I2-BDP in the NC@I2-BDP nanohybrid. These findings suggest that the NC@I2-BDP nanohybrid is a unique energy transfer photocatalyst for oxidizing α-terpinene to ascaridole through singlet oxygen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cortés-Villena
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Delia Bellezza
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Cunha
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Rosa-Pardo
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Seijas-Da Silva
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - João Pina
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Raquel E. Galian
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Knoll S, Zens C, Maisuradze T, Schmidt H, Kupfer S, Zedler L, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C. Light-Induced Charge Separation in Covalently Linked BODIPY-Quinone-Alkyne Dyads. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303250. [PMID: 38411403 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Visible light-induced charge separation and directional charge transfer are cornerstones for artificial photosynthesis and the generation of solar fuels. Here, we report synthetic access to a series of noble metal-free donor-acceptor dyads based on bodipy light-absorbers and redox-active quinone/anthraquinone charge storage sites. Peripheral functionalization of the quinone/anthraquinone units with alkynes primes the dyads for integration into a range of light-harvesting systems, e. g., by Cu-catalyzed cycloadditions (CLICK chemistry) or Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions. Initial photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal the principal processes during the light-induced charge separation in the reported dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Knoll
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Zens
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tamar Maisuradze
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Dai Y, Dellai A, Bassan E, Bellatreccia C, Gualandi A, Anselmi M, Cozzi PG, Ceroni P, Negri F. Solvent and alkyl substitution effects on charge-transfer mediated triplet state generation in BODIPY dyads: a combined computational and experimental study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:451-462. [PMID: 38324165 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyads based on BODIPYs have been recently employed to enhance the formation of triplet excited states with the process of spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) which does not require introduction of transition metals or other heavy atoms into the molecule. In this work we compare two donor-acceptor dyads based on meso-naphthalenyl BODIPY by combining experimental and computational investigations. The photophysical and electrochemical characterization reveals a significant effect of alkylation of the BODIPY core, disfavoring the SOCT-ISC mechanism for the ethylated BODIPY dyad. This is complemented with a computational investigation carried out to rationalize the influence of ethyl substituents and solvent effects on the electronic structure and efficiency of triplet state population via charge recombination (CR) from the photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) generated charge-transfer (CT) state. Time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations including solvent effects and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) calculations uncover the combined role played by solvent and alkyl substitution on the lateral positions of BODIPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Dai
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dellai
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bassan
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Bellatreccia
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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4
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de Thieulloy L, Mongin C, Leray I, Guerrin C, Buntinx G, Aloïse S, Perrier A. In silico strategy to design an efficient organic photoswitch based on excited-state cation transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1904-1916. [PMID: 38115702 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04988d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitches and the corresponding elementary photoinduced reaction, the so-called Excited-State Cation Transfer (ESCT), are investigated. This reaction relies on an intramolecular photo-release/photo-complexation of cation: after irradiation, the cation is translocated from a complexation site 1 to a site 2 during the excited state lifetime. Our purpose is thus to develop a computational strategy based on Density Functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent counterpart (TD-DFT) to improve the different properties of the ESCT photoswitches, namely (i) the ground state complexation constant K, (ii) the excited state complexation constant K*, (iii) the photoejection properties and (iv) the population of the triplet states from a singlet state via intersystem crossing to increase the lifetime of the excited state. In this work, we are interested in optimizing the ESCT properties of a betaine pyridinium chromophore substituted by a 15-aza-5-crown, that was previously shown to efficiently photoeject a Ca2+ cation from the site 1 but no photo-recapture was observed in the site 2 [Aloïse et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 22, 15384]. To this purpose, we have investigated the impact of the modification of the site 1 on the ESCT properties by introducing different substituents (EDG groups, halogen atoms) at different positions. So far, promising systems have been identified but a simultaneous improvement of all the ESCT photoswitches properties has yet not been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure de Thieulloy
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Mongin
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Leray
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clément Guerrin
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guy Buntinx
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Aloïse
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, F-75206 Paris, France.
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5
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Chen X, Rehmat N, Kurganskii IV, Maity P, Elmali A, Zhao J, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Fedin MV. Efficient Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing and Slow Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Bodipy-Perylenebisimide Compact Dyads and Triads. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302137. [PMID: 37553294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bodipy (BDP)-perylenebisimide (PBI) donor-acceptor dyads/triad were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). For BDP-PBI-3, in which BDP was attached at the imide position of PBI, higher singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ =85 %) was observed than the bay-substituted derivative BDP-PBI-1 (ΦΔ =30 %). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicate slow Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET; 40.4 ps) and charge separation (CS; 1.55 ns) in BDP-PBI-3, while for BDP-PBI-1, CS takes 2.8 ps. For triad BDP-PBI-2, ultrafast FRET (149 fs) and CS (4.7 ps) process were observed, the subsequent charge recombination (CR) takes 5.8 ns and long-lived 3 PBI* (179.8 μs) state is populated. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of BDP-PBI-3 show that the CR gives upper triplet excited state (3 BDP*) and subsequently, via a slow intramolecular triplet energy transfer (14.5 μs), the 3 PBI* state is finally populated, indicating that upper triplet state is involved in SOCT-ISC. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that both radical pair ISC (RP ISC) and SOCT-ISC contribute to the ISC. A rare electron spin polarization of (e, e, e, e, e, e) was observed for the triplet state formed via the RP ISC mechanism, due to the S-T+1 /T0 states mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ivan V Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Partha Maity
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Pfund B, Hutskalova V, Sparr C, Wenger OS. Isoacridone dyes with parallel reactivity from both singlet and triplet excited states for biphotonic catalysis and upconversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11180-11191. [PMID: 37860649 PMCID: PMC10583676 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based photosensitizers commonly undergo quantitative intersystem crossing into photoactive triplet excited states. In contrast, organic photosensitizers often feature weak spin-orbit coupling and low intersystem crossing efficiencies, leading to photoactive singlet excited states. By modifying the well-known acridinium dyes, we obtained a new family of organic photocatalysts, the isoacridones, in which both singlet- and triplet-excited states are simultaneously photoactive. These new isoacridone dyes are synthetically readily accessible and show intersystem crossing efficiencies of up to 52%, forming microsecond-lived triplet excited states (T1), storing approximately 1.9 eV of energy. Their photoactive singlet excited states (S1) populated in parallel have only nanosecond lifetimes, but store ∼0.4 eV more energy and act as strong oxidants. Consequently, the new isoacridone dyes are well suited for applications requiring parallel triplet-triplet energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer elementary steps, which have become increasingly important in modern photocatalysis. In proof-of-principle experiments, the isoacridone dyes were employed for Birch-type arene reductions and C-C couplings via sensitization-initiated electron transfer, substituting the commonly used iridium or ruthenium based photocatalysts. Further, in combination with a pyrene-based annihilator, sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion was achieved in an all-organic system, where the upconversion quantum yield correlated with the intersystem crossing quantum yield of the photosensitizer. This work seems relevant in the greater contexts of developing new applications that utilize biphotonic photophysical and photochemical behavior within metal-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Valeriia Hutskalova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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