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Lin J, Ruan S, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Fang M, Li T, Luo G, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Tandayu E, Chen C, Lu J, Ma C, Si H. Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:462. [PMID: 38802731 PMCID: PMC11129392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive genome-wide study, we identified and classified 83 Xylanase Inhibitor Protein (XIP) genes in wheat, grouped into five distinct categories, to enhance understanding of wheat's resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a significant fungal threat to global wheat production. Our analysis reveals the unique distribution of XIP genes across wheat chromosomes, particularly at terminal regions, suggesting their role in the evolutionary expansion of the gene family. Several XIP genes lack signal peptides, indicating potential alternative secretion pathways that could be pivotal in plant defense against FHB. The study also uncovers the sequence homology between XIPs and chitinases, hinting at a functional diversification within the XIP gene family. Additionally, the research explores the association of XIP genes with plant immune mechanisms, particularly their linkage with plant hormone signaling pathways like abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. XIP-7A3, in particular, demonstrates a significant increase in expression upon FHB infection, highlighting its potential as a key candidate gene for enhancing wheat's resistance to this disease. This research not only enriches our understanding of the XIP gene family in wheat but also provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in developing FHB-resistant wheat cultivars. The findings offer significant implications for wheat genomics and breeding, contributing to the development of more resilient crops against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuang Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Gan Luo
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhuangbo Tian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Erwin Tandayu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Can Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Fang Z, Zhao Q, Yang S, Cai Y, Fang W, Abubakar YS, Lin Y, Yun Y, Zheng W. Two distinct SNARE complexes mediate vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane to ensure effective development and pathogenesis of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13443. [PMID: 38502146 PMCID: PMC10950013 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) facilitate docking and fusion of vesicles with their target membranes, playing a crucial role in vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. However, the spatial assembly and roles of plasma membrane (PM)-associated SNAREs in phytopathogen development and pathogenicity are not clearly understood. In this study, we analysed the roles and molecular mechanisms of PM-associated SNARE complexes in the banana Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4). Our findings demonstrate that FocSso1 is important for the fungal growth, conidiation, host penetration and colonization. Mechanistically, FocSso1 regulates protein secretion by mediating vesicle docking and fusion with the PM and hyphal apex. Interestingly, a FocSso1-FocSec9-FocSnc1 complex was observed to assemble not only at the fungal PM but also on the growing hyphal apex, facilitating exocytosis. FocSso2, a paralogue of FocSso1, was also found to form a ternary SNARE complex with FocSec9 and FocSnc1, but it mainly localizes to the PM in old hyphae. The functional analysis of this protein demonstrated that it is dispensable for the fungal growth but necessary for host penetration and colonization. The other subunits, FocSec9 and FocSnc1, are involved in the fungal development and facilitate host penetration. Furthermore, FocSso1 and FocSnc1 are functionally interdependent, as loss of FocSso1 leads to mis-sorting and degradation of FocSnc1 in the vacuole and vice versa. Overall, this study provides insight into the formation of two spatially and functionally distinct PM SNARE complexes and their involvement in vesicle exocytosis to regulate development and pathogenicity of FocTR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Qiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wenqin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- School of Biological and Environmental EngineeringJingdezhen UniversityJingdezhenJiangxiChina
| | - Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
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Wu L, Bian W, Abubakar YS, Lin J, Yan H, Zhang H, Wang Z, Wu C, Shim W, Lu GD. FvKex2 is required for development, virulence, and mycotoxin production in Fusarium verticillioides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:228. [PMID: 38386129 PMCID: PMC10884074 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important fungal pathogens causing maize ear and stalk rots, thereby undermining global food security. Infected seeds are usually unhealthy for consumption due to contamination with fumonisin B1 (FB1) mycotoxin produced by the fungus as a virulence factor. Unveiling the molecular factors that determine fungal development and pathogenesis will help in the control and management of the diseases. Kex2 is a kexin-like Golgi-resident proprotein convertase that is involved in the activation of some important proproteins. Herein, we identified and functionally characterized FvKex2 in relation to F. verticillioides development and virulence by bioinformatics and functional genomics approaches. We found that FvKex2 is required for the fungal normal vegetative growth, because the growth of the ∆Fvkex2 mutant was significantly reduced on culture media compared to the wild-type and complemented strains. The mutant also produced very few conidia with morphologically abnormal shapes when compared with those from the wild type. However, the kexin-like protein was dispensable for the male role in sexual reproduction in F. verticillioides. In contrast, pathogenicity was nearly abolished on wounded maize stalks and sugarcane leaves in the absence of FvKEX2 gene, suggesting an essential role of Fvkex2 in the virulence of F. verticillioides. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the ∆Fvkex2 mutant produced a significantly lower level of FB1 mycotoxin compared to the wild-type and complemented strains, consistent with the loss of virulence observed in the mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that FvKex2 is critical for vegetative growth, FB1 biosynthesis, and virulence, but dispensable for sexual reproduction in F. verticillioides. The study presents the kexin-like protein as a potential drug target for the management of the devastating maize ear and stalk rot diseases. Further studies should aim at uncovering the link between FvKex2 activity and FB1 biosynthesis genes. KEY POINTS: •The kexin-like protein FvKex2 contributes significantly to the vegetative growth of Fusarium verticillioides. •The conserved protein is required for fungal conidiation and conidial morphology, but dispensable for sexual reproduction. •Deletion of FvKEX2 greatly attenuates the virulence and mycotoxin production potential of F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wu
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenyin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810281, Nigeria
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changbiao Wu
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - WonBo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Song J, Chen F, Lv B, Guo C, Yang J, Guo J, Huang L, Ning G, Yang Y, Xiang F. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed diversity in the response of resistant and susceptible rose ( Rosa hybrida) varieties to Marssonina rosae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362287. [PMID: 38455733 PMCID: PMC10917926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Rose black spot disease caused by Marssonina rosae is among the most destructive diseases that affects the outdoor cultivation and production of roses; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive response of roses to M. rosae have not been clarified. To investigate the diversity of response to M. rosae in resistant and susceptible rose varieties, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of resistant (KT) and susceptible (FG) rose varieties and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in response to M. rosae at different time points. In response to M. rosae, DEGs and DAMs were mainly upregulated compared to the control and transcription factors were concentrated in the WRKY and AP2/ERF families. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the DEGs of FG were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as the abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway, cell wall, and defense response, whereas the DEGs of KT were mainly enriched in Golgi-mediated vesicle transport processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs of both varieties were concentrated in plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, with the greatest number of DEGs associated with brassinosteroid (BR) in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The reliability of the transcriptome results was verified by qRT-PCR. DAMs of KT were significantly enriched in the butanoate metabolism pathway, whereas DAMs of FG were significantly enriched in BR biosynthesis, glucosinolate biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism. Moreover, the DAMs in these pathways were significantly positively correlated with the DEGs. Disease symptoms were aggravated when FG leaves were inoculated with M. rosae after 24-epibrassinolide treatment, indicating that the response of FG to M. rosae involves the BR signaling pathway. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rose response to M. rosae and lay a theoretical foundation for formulating rose black spot prevention and control strategies and cultivating resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurong Song
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fayun Xiang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Li YB, Shen N, Deng X, Liu Z, Zhu S, Liu C, Tang D, Han LB. Fimbrin associated with Pmk1 to regulate the actin assembly during Magnaporthe oryzae hyphal growth and infection. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38252344 PMCID: PMC10803693 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton is vital for Magnaporthe oryzae development and host infection. The actin-related protein MoFim1 is a key factor for organizing the M. oryzae actin cytoskeleton. Currently, how MoFim1 is regulated in M. oryzae to precisely rearrange the actin cytoskeleton is unclear. In this study, we found that MoFim1 associates with the M. oryzae mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Pmk1 to regulate actin assembly. MoFim1 directly interacted with Pmk1, and the phosphorylation level of MoFim1 was decreased in Δpmk1, which led to a change in the subcellular distribution of MoFim1 in the hyphae of Δpmk1. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton was aberrantly organized at the hyphal tip in the Δpmk1, which was similar to what was observed in the Δmofim1 during hyphal growth. Furthermore, phosphorylation analysis revealed that Pmk1 could phosphorylate MoFim1 at serine 94. Loss of phosphorylation of MoFim1 at serine 94 decreased actin bundling activity. Additionally, the expression of the site mutant of MoFim1 S94D (in which serine 94 was replaced with aspartate to mimic phosphorylation) in Δpmk1 could reverse the defects in actin organization and hyphal growth in Δpmk1. It also partially rescues the formation of appressorium failure in Δpmk1. Taken together, these findings suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Pmk1 phosphorylates MoFim1 to regulate the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton during hyphal development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Li-Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Ambrosone A, Barbulova A, Cappetta E, Cillo F, De Palma M, Ruocco M, Pocsfalvi G. Plant Extracellular Vesicles: Current Landscape and Future Directions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4141. [PMID: 38140468 PMCID: PMC10747359 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells secrete membrane-enclosed micrometer- and nanometer-sized vesicles that, similarly to the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mammalian or bacterial cells, carry a complex molecular cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and primary and secondary metabolites. While it is technically complicated to isolate EVs from whole plants or their tissues, in vitro plant cell cultures provide excellent model systems for their study. Plant EVs have been isolated from the conditioned culture media of plant cell, pollen, hairy root, and protoplast cultures, and recent studies have gathered important structural and biological data that provide a framework to decipher their physiological roles and unveil previously unacknowledged links to their diverse biological functions. The primary function of plant EVs seems to be in the secretion that underlies cell growth and morphogenesis, cell wall composition, and cell-cell communication processes. Besides their physiological functions, plant EVs may participate in defence mechanisms against different plant pathogens, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Whereas edible and medicinal-plant-derived nanovesicles isolated from homogenised plant materials ex vivo are widely studied and exploited, today, plant EV research is still in its infancy. This review, for the first time, highlights the different in vitro sources that have been used to isolate plant EVs, together with the structural and biological studies that investigate the molecular cargo, and pinpoints the possible role of plant EVs as mediators in plant-pathogen interactions, which may contribute to opening up new scenarios for agricultural applications, biotechnology, and innovative strategies for plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ambrosone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Ani Barbulova
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Naples, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Cillo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Research Division (R.D.) Bari, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Research Division (R.D.) Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division (R.D.) Naples, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
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