Parenting style and its effect on eating disorders and substance abuse across the young population

Tailoring parenting styles and family-based interventions cross-culturally as an effective prevention strategy for youth substance use: a scoping review

Background

The challenge of substance use among youth continues to be a highly concerning public health issue across the globe. The notion that parenting lifestyles and family-based intervention can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use have received robust attention from policy makers, researchers' clinicians and general public, nonetheless, there is scarcity of high quality evidence to support these concepts.

Objective

To review available literature which assessed the effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions on the prevention of adolescent substance use.

Methods

A scoping review of literature to identify studies published in English between 2012 and 2022 was conducted searching Scopus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases focused on effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions in the prevention of adolescent substance use.Keywords of family-based intervention strategies and possible outcomes of parenting styles on youth substance use were coded from the results, discussion, or conclusion. Strategies were inductively categorized into themes according to the focus of the strategy.

Results

A total of 47 studies, published between 2012 and 2022 in English language included. Narrative synthesis illustrated that parental involvement, restriction of mature-rated content, parental monitoring, authoritative parenting styles, and parental support and knowledge can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use. On the contrary, poor parent-child bonding, overprotection, permissive parenting, parental frustrations, authoritarian and harsh parenting styles promoted adolescent substance use disorders. Proximal risk factors like peer influence, previous use of other substances, and risky behaviours had more effect than just parenting styles. Culturally tailored family-based intervention strategies such as "Preventive Parenting", "Parent Training", and "Parent Involvement", with focus on "Technology Assisted Intervention", particularly "SMART "(Substance Misuse among Adolescents in Residential Treatment) are found as effective family-based intervention strategies to mitigate substance use in youth.

Conclusion

Culturally tailored family-based behavioural strategies psychosocial intervention strategies can be considered of the most effective strategies to prevent substance use disorders in youth.

Effects of parenting mode on student adaptability: the mediating effect of irrational beliefs

BACKGROUNDS

In the face of the new environment, different individuals have different reactions. Those who have good adaptability constantly establish individual self-efficacy through making friends and completing their studies, thus forming a good dependency with the university environment. However, individuals with poor ability to adapt to the new environment will have some bad phenomena, such as truancy, weariness and self denial. As a result, the students' adaptations of to the growth environment where in universities are the important topics in recent years.

METHODS

Present study introduces irrational beliefs to investigate the effects of parenting mode on maladaptation of university students. The questionnaires based on simplified parenting mode (Chinese), irrational belief and adaptability were administered in a survey of 510 university students in Zhanjiang on October, 2021, the list of students of Guangdong Ocean University is taken as the sampling frame and determined by random sampling. Parenting mode was used as the independent variable, while the emotionally warm, overprotective and rejecting types were used as the indices. Further, the irrational beliefs including summary comments, awful beliefs and low tolerance to setbacks as well as maladaptation were included in the mediation model for analysis.

RESULTS

The results showed that the rejection parenting mode was negatively related with absolute requirements (r = - 0.143), and learning motivation (r = - 0.157), interpersonal adaptation (r = - 0.283) and physical and psychological adjustment (r = - 0.083). Overprotection was negatively correlated with absolute requirements (r = - 0.042) and interpersonal adaptation (r = - 0.042). The mediating effect of irrational beliefs (low tolerance to setbacks, awful beliefs and absolute requirements), the lower and upper limits of Bootstrap confidence interval were 0.135 and 0.461, respectively, excluding 0, which indicated that the mediating effect is true.

CONCLUSION

Through the analysis of the data, this study believes that irrational beliefs such as low tolerance to setbacks, awful beliefs and absolute requirements mediate the effects on school adjustment. Negative parenting modes such as overprotection and rejection inculcate irrational beliefs, resulting in maladaptation of university students.