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Lange AP, Samanta A, Olson TY, Elhadj S. Quantized Grain Boundary States Promote Nanoparticle Alignment During Imperfect Oriented Attachment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001423. [PMID: 32519454 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oriented attachment (OA) has become a well-recognized mechanism for the growth of metal, ceramic, and biomineral crystals. While many computational and experimental studies of OA have shown that particles can attach with some misorientation then rotate to remove adjoining grain boundaries, the underlying atomistic pathways for this "imperfect OA" process remain the subject of debate. In this study, molecular dynamics and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to probe the crystallographic evolution of up to 30 gold nanoparticles during aggregation. It is found that Imperfect OA occurs because 1) grain boundaries become quantized when their size is comparable to the separation between constituent dislocations and 2) kinetic barriers associated with the glide of grain boundary dislocations are small. In support of these findings, TEM experiments show the formation of a single crystal aggregate after annealing nine initially misoriented, agglomerated particles with evidence of dislocation activity and twin formation during particle/grain alignment. These observations motivate future work on assembled nanocrystals with tailored defects and call for a revision of Read-Shockley models for grain boundary energies in nanocrystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail-stop 470, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Amit Samanta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail-stop 470, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Tammy Y Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail-stop 470, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Selim Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail-stop 470, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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Petzold C, Koch M, Bennewitz R. Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiO x /Si/Au system. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1647-1658. [PMID: 29977699 PMCID: PMC6009635 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Friction force microscopy was performed with oxidized or gold-coated silicon tips sliding on Au(111) or oxidized Si(100) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. We measured very low friction forces compared to adhesion forces and found a modulation of lateral forces reflecting the atomic structure of the surfaces. Holding the force-microscopy tip stationary for some time did not lead to an increase in static friction, i.e., no contact ageing was observed for these pairs of tip and surface. Passivating layers from tip or surface were removed in order to allow for contact ageing through the development of chemical bonds in the static contact. After removal of the passivating layers, tribochemical reactions resulted in strong friction forces and tip wear. Friction, wear, and the re-passivation by oxides are discussed based on results for the temporal development of friction forces, on images of the scanned area after friction force microscopy experiments, and on electron microscopy of the tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Petzold
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roland Bennewitz
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al-Cu alloy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5998-E6006. [PMID: 27671639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602293113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sintering is a key technology for processing ceramic and metallic powders into solid objects of complex geometry, particularly in the burgeoning field of energy storage materials. The modeling of sintering processes, however, has not kept pace with applications. Conventional models, which assume ideal arrangements of constituent powders while ignoring their underlying crystallinity, achieve at best a qualitative description of the rearrangement, densification, and coarsening of powder compacts during thermal processing. Treating a semisolid Al-Cu alloy as a model system for late-stage sintering-during which densification plays a subordinate role to coarsening-we have used 3D X-ray diffraction microscopy to track the changes in sample microstructure induced by annealing. The results establish the occurrence of significant particle rotations, driven in part by the dependence of boundary energy on crystallographic misorientation. Evidently, a comprehensive model for sintering must incorporate crystallographic parameters into the thermodynamic driving forces governing microstructural evolution.
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Marks LD, Peng L. Nanoparticle shape, thermodynamics and kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:053001. [PMID: 26792459 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/5/053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be beautiful, as in stained glass windows, or they can be ugly as in wear and corrosion debris from implants. We estimate that there will be about 70,000 papers in 2015 with nanoparticles as a keyword, but only one in thirteen uses the nanoparticle shape as an additional keyword and research focus, and only one in two hundred has thermodynamics. Methods for synthesizing nanoparticles have exploded over the last decade, but our understanding of how and why they take their forms has not progressed as fast. This topical review attempts to take a critical snapshot of the current understanding, focusing more on methods to predict than a purely synthetic or descriptive approach. We look at models and themes which are largely independent of the exact synthetic method whether it is deposition, gas-phase condensation, solution based or hydrothermal synthesis. Elements are old dating back to the beginning of the 20th century-some of the pioneering models developed then are still relevant today. Others are newer, a merging of older concepts such as kinetic-Wulff constructions with methods to understand minimum energy shapes for particles with twins. Overall we find that while there are still many unknowns, the broad framework of understanding and predicting the structure of nanoparticles via diverse Wulff constructions, either thermodynamic, local minima or kinetic has been exceedingly successful. However, the field is still developing and there remain many unknowns and new avenues for research, a few of these being suggested towards the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Balasubramanian L, King A. Crystallite Rotation Experiments Revisited: the Contribution of Free-Surface Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-319-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile crystallite-rotation experiments of the type pioneered by Gleiter and his co-workers have provided a great deal of information about the variation of grain boundary energy with crystal misorientation, certain aspects of the experiments still remain puzzling. Notably, crystal rotation rates do not follow the form predicted by consideration of the Read-Shockley equation; and Chan and Balluffi have shown that in some cases certain crystallites are able to escape from the energy cusps that trap others [5]. In this paper we re-examine the crystallite rotation mechanism and rotation rates from the perspective of the interactions of grain boundary dislocations with the free surfaces that terminate the grain boundary.
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Chen KC, Wu WW, Liao CN, Chen LJ, Tu KN. Observation of Atomic Diffusion at Twin-Modified Grain Boundaries in Copper. Science 2008; 321:1066-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1160777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rohrer GS, Saylor DM, Dasher BE, Adams BL, Rollett AD, Wynblatt P. The distribution of internal interfaces in polycrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3139/146.017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang JM, Wei XM, Xin H. Calculating the energies for Ag(001) twist boundaries utilizing the modified analytical embedded atom method. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bording JK, Li BQ, Shi YF, Zuo JM. Size- and shape-dependent energetics of nanocrystal interfaces: experiment and simulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:226104. [PMID: 12857325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.226104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the interface energetics of Ag nanocrystals on a H-passivated Si(111) surface by a transmission electron microscopy experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. The annealed nanocrystals are oriented with Ag(111)||Si(111). Azimuthally, epitaxy is preferred for nanocrystals with an interface larger than a coincident-site-lattice (CSL) cell. The equilibrium orientation, or interface energy minimum, depends on the interface size and shape. For interfaces approaching a CSL cell in size ( approximately 2 nm nanocrystals), fluctuations of a single atom at an interface can lead to large variations in nanocrystal orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Bording
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Monzen R, Jenkins ML, Sutton AP. The bcc-to-9R martensitic transformation of Cu precipitates and the relaxation process of elastic strains in an Fe-Cu alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/01418610008212077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chan SW, Boyko VS. Mobility of grain boundary dislocations during the conservative untwisting of. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:16579-16586. [PMID: 9983503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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HRTEM study of atomic faceting of asymmetrical twin and asymmetrical hetero-twin boundaries in NiSi2/Si. Ultramicroscopy 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(93)90157-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yamashita M, Yoshioka M, Mimaki T, Hashimoto S, Miura S. Stress-corrosion-cracking of (100)-twist boundaries in Cu-9at.%Al alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wolf D, Kluge M. Relationship between shear resistance and local atomic structure at grain boundaries in FCC metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(90)90135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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De Hosson JTM, Vitek V. Atomic structure of (111) twist grain boundaries in f.c.c metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619008234943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Łojkowski W. On the importance of statistical analysis of orientations measured in experiments with spheres rotating on a plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(90)90274-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Structure-energy correlation for grain boundaries in F.C.C. metals—I. Boundaries on the (111) and (100) planes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(89)90082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao Y, Dregia S, Shewmon P. Energy and structure of (001) twist interphase boundaries in the Ag/Ni system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(89)90129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dislocation structure and energy of high angle [001] twist boundaries: A computer simulation study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(88)90101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Study of energy vs misorientation for grain boundaries in gold by crystallite rotation method—II. Tilt boundaries and mixed boundaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(86)90164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Valiev RZ, Gertsman VY, Kaibyshev OA. Grain boundary structure and properties under external influences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210970102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Broughton JQ, Gilmer GH. Thermodynamic criteria for grain-boundary melting; A molecular-dynamics study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:2692-2695. [PMID: 10033066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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