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Yu H, Díaz A, Lu X, Sun B, Ding Y, Koyama M, He J, Zhou X, Oudriss A, Feaugas X, Zhang Z. Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6271-6392. [PMID: 38773953 PMCID: PMC11117190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a clean and efficient energy carrier crucial for shaping the net-zero future. Large-scale production, transportation, storage, and use of green hydrogen are expected to be undertaken in the coming decades. As the smallest element in the universe, however, hydrogen can adsorb on, diffuse into, and interact with many metallic materials, degrading their mechanical properties. This multifaceted phenomenon is generically categorized as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). HE is one of the most complex material problems that arises as an outcome of the intricate interplay across specific spatial and temporal scales between the mechanical driving force and the material resistance fingerprinted by the microstructures and subsequently weakened by the presence of hydrogen. Based on recent developments in the field as well as our collective understanding, this Review is devoted to treating HE as a whole and providing a constructive and systematic discussion on hydrogen entry, diffusion, trapping, hydrogen-microstructure interaction mechanisms, and consequences of HE in steels, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys used for energy transport and storage. HE in emerging material systems, such as high entropy alloys and additively manufactured materials, is also discussed. Priority has been particularly given to these less understood aspects. Combining perspectives of materials chemistry, materials science, mechanics, and artificial intelligence, this Review aspires to present a comprehensive and impartial viewpoint on the existing knowledge and conclude with our forecasts of various paths forward meant to fuel the exploration of future research regarding hydrogen-induced material challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Division
of Applied Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrés Díaz
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Burgos,
Escuela Politécnica Superior, 09006 Burgos, Spain
| | - Xu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Binhan Sun
- School of
Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China
University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department
of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Motomichi Koyama
- Institute
for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jianying He
- Department
of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Xiao Zhou
- State Key
Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Abdelali Oudriss
- Laboratoire
des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle University, CNRS UMR 7356, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Xavier Feaugas
- Laboratoire
des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle University, CNRS UMR 7356, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Department
of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Kirchheim R. Lattice discontinuities affecting the generation and annihilation of diffusible hydrogen and vice versa. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2016.0403. [PMID: 28607183 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lattice discontinuities include lattice defects and surfaces both providing traps for hydrogen atoms. It will be discussed under which conditions discontinuities of a given distribution either release trapped hydrogen to become diffusible or capture diffusible H-atoms to become trapped. It will be shown that for any distribution, the self-diffusion coefficient of hydrogen is determined by the product of the H-diffusion in the perfect lattice times the fraction of hydrogen being diffusible. In this context, the quantities diffusible hydrogen, lattice hydrogen, thermodynamic activity of hydrogen and chemical potential of hydrogen are interchangeable in a general way. New discontinuities are generated during hydrogen embritllement (fracture surfaces, voids, dislocations) and dislocations move by kink pair formation. The production rate of these discontinuities depends on the chemical potential of hydrogen within the defactant concept or the generalized Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Thus, the chemical potential of hydrogen determines both the amount of trapping and the defect generation rate. For a crack propagating by dislocations generation, the chemical potential affects its velocity independent of the accompanying concentration enhancement in front of the crack tip or the related adsorption on the freshly generated crack surface.This article is part of the themed issue 'The challenges of hydrogen and metals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kirchheim
- Institut für Materialphysic, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- ICNER, WPI-Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Ockwig
- Geochemistry, and Surface and Interface Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, M.S. 1415, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Geochemistry, and Surface and Interface Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, M.S. 1415, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
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Dolan M, Dave N, Ilyushechkin A, Morpeth L, McLennan K. Composition and operation of hydrogen-selective amorphous alloy membranes. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pereyra V, Milchev A, Fleurov V. Diffusion of single particles in cellular media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:4636-4645. [PMID: 9962543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Maroudas D, Brown RA. Analysis of point-defect diffusion and drift in cubic-type lattices: Constitutive modeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:2567-2581. [PMID: 9999825 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Brouwer RC, Rector J, Koeman N, Griessen R. Hydrogen as a local probe: Diffusion and short-range order in Ti1-yVy alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:3546-3559. [PMID: 9992322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Driesen G, Kehr KW. Monte Carlo simulation study of a microscopic model for H diffusion in amorphous Pd1-ySiyHx alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:8132-8141. [PMID: 9947519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Araki T, Abe T, Tanaka K. Site Energy Distributions of Hydrogen Atoms in Ni–Zr Alloy Glasses Studied by Thermal Desorption Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.2320/matertrans1989.30.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Araki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Tetsurou Abe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Kazuhide Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
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Brouwer RC, Salomons E, Griessen R. Diffusion of hydrogen in Nb1-yVy alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:10217-10226. [PMID: 9945873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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