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Shao L, Ma J, Prelesnik JL, Zhou Y, Nguyen M, Zhao M, Jenekhe SA, Kalinin SV, Ferguson AL, Pfaendtner J, Mundy CJ, De Yoreo JJ, Baneyx F, Chen CL. Hierarchical Materials from High Information Content Macromolecular Building Blocks: Construction, Dynamic Interventions, and Prediction. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17397-17478. [PMID: 36260695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical materials that exhibit order over multiple length scales are ubiquitous in nature. Because hierarchy gives rise to unique properties and functions, many have sought inspiration from nature when designing and fabricating hierarchical matter. More and more, however, nature's own high-information content building blocks, proteins, peptides, and peptidomimetics, are being coopted to build hierarchy because the information that determines structure, function, and interfacial interactions can be readily encoded in these versatile macromolecules. Here, we take stock of recent progress in the rational design and characterization of hierarchical materials produced from high-information content blocks with a focus on stimuli-responsive and "smart" architectures. We also review advances in the use of computational simulations and data-driven predictions to shed light on how the side chain chemistry and conformational flexibility of macromolecular blocks drive the emergence of order and the acquisition of hierarchy and also on how ionic, solvent, and surface effects influence the outcomes of assembly. Continued progress in the above areas will ultimately usher in an era where an understanding of designed interactions, surface effects, and solution conditions can be harnessed to achieve predictive materials synthesis across scale and drive emergent phenomena in the self-assembly and reconfiguration of high-information content building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jinrong Ma
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jesse L Prelesnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mary Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mingfei Zhao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - François Baneyx
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Rozas RE, Ankudinov V, Galenko PK. Kinetics of rapid growth and melting of Al 50Ni 50alloying crystals: phase field theory versusatomistic simulations revisited . JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:494002. [PMID: 36228604 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9a1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A revised study of the growth and melting of crystals in congruently melting Al50Ni50alloy is carried out by molecular dynamics (MDs) and phase field (PF) methods. An embedded atom method (EAM) potential of Purja Pun and Mishin (2009Phil. Mag.89 3245) is used to estimate the material's properties (density, enthalpy, and self-diffusion) of the B2 crystalline and liquid phases of the alloy. Using the same EAM potential, the melting temperature, density, and diffusion coefficient become well comparable with experimental data in contrast with previous works where other potentials were used. In the new revision of MD data, the kinetics of melting and solidification are quantitatively evaluated by the 'crystal-liquid interface velocity-undercooling' relationship exhibiting the well-known bell-shaped kinetic curve. The traveling wave solution of the kinetic PF model as well as the hodograph equation of the solid-liquid interface quantitatively describe the 'velocity-undercooling' relationship obtained in the MD simulation in the whole range of investigated temperatures for melting and growth of Al50Ni50crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E Rozas
- Department of Physics, University of Bío-Bío, Av. Collao 1202, PO Box 5-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vladimir Ankudinov
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow (Troitsk), Russia
| | - Peter K Galenko
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Ural Federal University, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Department, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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3
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Whitelam S, Harrowell P. Deposition control of model glasses with surface-mediated orientational order. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124502. [PMID: 34598548 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a minimal model of solid-forming anisotropic molecules that displays, in thermal equilibrium, surface orientational order without bulk orientational order. The model reproduces the nonequilibrium behavior of recent experiments in which a bulk nonequilibrium structure grown by deposition contains regions of orientational order characteristic of the surface equilibrium. This order is deposited, in general, in a nonuniform way because of the emergence of a growth-poisoning mechanism that causes equilibrated surfaces to grow slower than non-equilibrated surfaces. We use evolutionary methods to design oscillatory protocols able to grow nonequilibrium structures with uniform order, demonstrating the potential of protocol design for the fabrication of this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Peter Harrowell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Liang Y, Díaz Leines G, Drautz R, Rogal J. Identification of a multi-dimensional reaction coordinate for crystal nucleation in Ni3Al. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224504. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Grisell Díaz Leines
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Drautz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jutta Rogal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Li X, Zweiacker K, Grolimund D, Ferreira Sanchez D, Spierings AB, Leinenbach C, Wegener K. In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification-Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092192. [PMID: 32397639 PMCID: PMC7362108 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing conditions, and resulting microstructural features. In this work, the phase formation of four Ni-Cr-Si alloys was studied as a function of cooling rate and chemical composition using a liquid droplet rapid solidification technique. Post mortem x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction shows the present and evolution of the rapidly solidified microstructures. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to standard laser deposition tests. In situ microbeam diffraction revealed that due to rapid cooling and an increasing amount of Cr and Si, metastable high-temperature silicides remain in the final microstructure. Due to more sluggish interface kinetics of intermetallic compounds than that of disorder solid solution, an anomalous eutectic structure becomes dominant over the regular lamellar microstructure at high cooling rates. The rapid solidification experiments produced a microstructure similar to the one generated in laser coating thus confirming that this rapid solidification test allows a rapid pre-screening of alloys suitable for laser beam-based processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Li
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (X.L.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Kai Zweiacker
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (X.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; (D.G.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Dario Ferreira Sanchez
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; (D.G.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Adriaan B. Spierings
- Innovation Center for Additive Manufacturing Switzerland, Inspire AG, Lerchenfeldstrasse 3, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Christian Leinenbach
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (X.L.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Konrad Wegener
- Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Galenko PK, Ankudinov V, Reuther K, Rettenmayr M, Salhoumi A, Kharanzhevskiy EV. Thermodynamics of rapid solidification and crystal growth kinetics in glass-forming alloys. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180205. [PMID: 30827218 PMCID: PMC6460068 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamic driving forces and growth rates in rapid solidification are analysed. Taking into account the relaxation time of the solute diffusion flux in the model equations, the present theory uses, in a first case, the deviation from local chemical equilibrium, and ergodicity breaking. The second case of ergodicity breaking may exist in crystal growth kinetics of rapidly solidifying glass-forming metals and alloys. In this case, a theoretical analysis of dendritic solidification is given for congruently melting alloys in which chemical segregation does not occur. Within this theory, a deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium is introduced for high undercoolings via gradient flow relaxation of the phase field. A comparison of the present derivations with previously verified theoretical predictions and experimental data is given. This article is part of the theme issue 'Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non- ergodic internal structures'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Galenko
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - V. Ankudinov
- Department of Physics and Energetics, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Udmurt State University, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - K. Reuther
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Rettenmayr
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Salhoumi
- Faculté des Sciences Ben M'Sik, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 7955 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - E. V. Kharanzhevskiy
- Department of Physics and Energetics, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Udmurt State University, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
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Han I, Xiao X, Sun H, Shahani AJ. A side-by-side comparison of the solidification dynamics of quasicrystalline and approximant phases in the Al-Co-Ni system. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019; 75:281-296. [PMID: 30821261 PMCID: PMC6396399 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318017114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasicrystals and their approximants have triggered widespread interest due to the challenge of solving their complex crystal structures as well as their possibly exceptional properties. The structural motifs of approximants are similar to those of the corresponding quasicrystals, but to what extent are their crystallization pathways the same? Unfortunately, there have been very few in situ experimental investigations to answer this question. Here, by leveraging the high penetrating power of hard X-rays, synchrotron-based X-ray tomography was conducted in order to capture the nucleation and growth of a decagonal quasicrystal and its related approximant. The combination of data-driven computational analysis with new thermodynamic databases allowed the characterization, with high precision, of the constitutional and kinetic driving forces for crystallization. The experimental results prove that the growth of both crystals from a liquid is dominated by first-order kinetics. Nevertheless, and somewhat surprisingly, significant differences were observed in their rates of nucleation and growth. The reasons for such divergent behaviours are discussed in light of contemporary theories of intermetallic crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Haiping Sun
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ashwin J. Shahani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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8
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Galenko PK, Nizovtseva IG, Reuther K, Rettenmayr M. Kinetic transition in the order-disorder transformation at a solid/liquid interface. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0207. [PMID: 29311206 PMCID: PMC5784098 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phase-field analysis for the kinetic transition in an ordered crystal structure growing from an undercooled liquid is carried out. The results are interpreted on the basis of analytical and numerical solutions of equations describing the dynamics of the phase field, the long-range order parameter as well as the atomic diffusion within the crystal/liquid interface and in the bulk crystal. As an example, the growth of a binary A50B50 crystal is described, and critical undercoolings at characteristic changes of growth velocity and the long-range order parameter are defined. For rapidly growing crystals, analogies and qualitative differences are found in comparison with known non-equilibrium effects, particularly solute trapping and disorder trapping. The results and model predictions are compared qualitatively with results of the theory of kinetic phase transitions (Chernov 1968 Sov. Phys. JETP26, 1182-1190) and with experimental data obtained for rapid dendritic solidification of congruently melting alloy with order-disorder transition (Hartmann et al. 2009 Europhys. Lett.87, 40007 (doi:10.1209/0295-5075/87/40007)).This article is part of the theme issue 'From atomistic interfaces to dendritic patterns'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Galenko
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - I G Nizovtseva
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modelling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - K Reuther
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Rettenmayr
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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The Molecular Dynamics Study of Vacancy Formation During Solidification of Pure Metals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10241. [PMID: 28860635 PMCID: PMC5579230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the defect trapping during solidification in pure elements, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations on both aluminum and nickel. We find that vacancies are the dominant defects in the product crystals for both metals. For slight undercooling, the vacancy concentration strongly depends on the growth velocity, rather than the growth orientations, and there is an approximately linear relationship between the growth velocity and vacancy concentration. However, for deep undercooling, the vacancy concentration shows a remarkable anisotropy between (100) and (110) orientations. Based on the competition between atomic diffusion and growth, a possible mechanism for vacancy trapping is suggested.
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Galenko P, Danilov D, Nizovtseva I, Reuther K, Rettenmayr M. Disorder trapping by rapidly moving phase interface in an undercooled liquid. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Two-step crystal growth mechanism during crystallization of an undercooled Ni50Al50 alloy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31062. [PMID: 27486073 PMCID: PMC4971477 DOI: 10.1038/srep31062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization processes are always accompanied by the emergence of multiple intermediate states, of which the structures and transition dynamics are far from clarity, since it is difficult to experimentally observe the microscopic pathway. To insight the structural evolution and the crystallization dynamics, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the time-dependent crystallization behavior of the NiAl intermetallic upon rapid solidification. The simulation results reveal that the crystallization process occurs via a two-step growth mechanism, involving the formation of initial non-equilibrium long range order (NLRO) regions and of the subsequent equilibrium long range order (ELRO) regions. The formation of the NLRO regions makes the grains rather inhomogeneous, while the rearrangement of the NLRO regions into the ELRO regions makes the grains more ordered and compact. This two-step growth mechanism is actually controlled by the evolution of the coordination polyhedra, which are characterized predominantly by the transformation from five-fold symmetry to four-fold and six-fold symmetry. From liquids to NLRO and further to ELRO, the five-fold symmetry of these polyhedra gradually fades, and finally vanishes when B2 structure is distributed throughout the grain bulk. The energy decrease along the pathway further implies the reliability of the proposed crystallization processes.
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Zheng XQ, Yang Y, Gao YF, Hoyt JJ, Asta M, Sun DY. Disorder trapping during crystallization of the B2-ordered NiAl compound. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:041601. [PMID: 22680482 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, disorder trapping associated with solidification is studied for the (100), (110), and (111) growth directions in the B2 NiAl ordered alloy compound. At the high interface velocities studied we observe pronounced disorder and defect trapping, i.e., the formation of antisite defects and vacancies in the crystal at higher than equilibrium concentrations upon rapid solidification. The vacancies are located primarily on the Ni sublattice and the majority of antisite defects are Ni atoms on the Al sublattice, while the concentration of Al on the Ni sublattice is negligibly small. The defect concentration is found to increase in an approximately linear relationship with increasing the interface velocity. Further there is no significant anisotropy in the defect concentrations for different interface orientations. Our results suggest that the currently available models of disorder trapping should be extended to include both antisite defects and vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zheng
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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West JA, Manos JT, Aziz MJ. Formation of Metastable Disordered Ni3Al by Pulsed Laser Induced Rapid Solidification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-213-859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThin films of Ni3Al formed by co-evaporation onto insulating substrates form a single phase fcc disordered lattice upon rapid solidification following excimer laserinduced melting with an interface velocity of ~4 m/s. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses exhibit no superlattice diffraction at room temperature. Resistivity measurements, indicating that the disordered phase has a higher resistivity and much smaller temperature coefficient at room temperature than the stable ordered (L12) phase, permit us to monitor phase changes and ordering on a fast time-scale. Subsequent annealing recovers long-range order, with resistivity measurements indicating that reordering begins just below 300°C.
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Kral MV, Bassler BT, Hofmeister WH, Wittig JE. Microstructures in Rapidly Solidified Gamma Titanium-Aluminum Alloys with Erbium Additions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-364-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractErbium additions of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic percent were incorporated into base alloys of 40 at.% titanium - 60 at.% aluminum by arc melting. Samples of 0.30g were electromagnetically levitated and melted and then rapidly solidified by double anvil splat quenching with liquid temperatures ranging from the liquidus temperature to near the maximum undercooling temperature for each alloy. Microstructures of TiAl with 0.25 and 0.5 at.% Er showed the presence of small erbium rich particles within γ grains as well as antiphase domain boundaries, while TiAl with 1.0 and 2.0 at.% Er showed no evidence of these features. These observations were correlated with solidification velocity measurements on levitated samples. Evidence for disordered primary solidification and a solid state disorder/order reaction is presented.
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Bassler BT, Kral MV, Hofmeister WH, Bayuzick RJ. The Effect of Erbium Additions on the Solidification Behavior of γ-Tial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-364-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe titanium-aluminum-erbium system has been studied using electromagnetic levitation and ultra high speed imaging in order to quantify the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling. Measurements were made on Ti-60 at% Al alloys with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at% Er additions. Boettinger and Aziz1 show that in ordered alloys it is thermodynamically possible at large enough interface velocities, corresponding to large undercoolings, to solidify a disordered phase with the same composition as the liquid. The result of the transition from ordered to disordered solidification is a discontinuity in the relationship between solidification velocity and melt undercooling. The experimental results for the solidification velocity as a function of melt undercooling will be presented and discussed for each alloy.
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Abstract
AbstractKinetic modelling, incorporating variation in the degree of chemical order, is developed for the solidification of intermetallic compounds, and qualitative comparisons are made with experiment. It is found that a disordered phase can be obtained other than by the process of disorder trapping, and that partitioning can increase or invert with increasing solidification velocity. Solid-state ordering and its effects on final microstructure are also considered.
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Kramer MJ, Mendelev MI, Napolitano RE. In situ observation of antisite defect formation during crystal growth. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:245501. [PMID: 21231532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to quantify antisite defect trapping during crystallization. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data revealed a marked lattice distortion which involves an a axis expansion and a c axis contraction of the stable C11b phase. The observed lattice response is proportional in magnitude to the growth rate, suggesting that the behavior is associated with the kinetic trapping of lattice defects. MD simulations demonstrate that this lattice response is due to incorporation of 1% to 2% antisite defects during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kramer
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
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Perepezko J, Wilde G. I. Electronic structure and thermodynamics of alloys: Alloy Metastability During Nucleation-Controlled Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19981020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Lu Y, Xi Z, Yang G, Lin X, Zhou Y. Entropy as a selection rule for crystal growth in undercooled binary eutectic melts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barth M, Wei B, Herlach DM. Crystal growth in undercooled melts of the intermetallic compounds FeSi and CoSi. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3422-3428. [PMID: 9979149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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