1
|
Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275843. [PMID: 36240151 PMCID: PMC9565695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how humans master complex skills has the potential for wide-reaching societal benefit. Research has shown that one important aspect of effective skill learning is the temporal distribution of practice episodes (i.e., distributed practice). Using a large observational sample of players (n = 162,417) drawn from a competitive and popular online game (League of Legends), we analysed the relationship between practice distribution and performance through time. We compared groups of players who exhibited different play schedules using data slicing and machine learning techniques, to show that players who cluster gameplay into shorter time frames ultimately achieve lower performance levels than those who space their games across longer time windows. Additionally, we found that the timing of intensive play periods does not affect final performance-it is the overall amount of spacing that matters. These results extend some of the key findings in the literature on practice and learning to an ecologically valid environment with huge n. We discuss our work in relation to recent studies that have examined practice effects using Big Data and suggest solutions for salient confounds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies. SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/safety7040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor cockpit monitoring has been identified as an important contributor to aviation accidents. Improving pilots’ monitoring strategies could therefore help to enhance flight safety. During two different sessions, we analyzed the flight performance and eye movements of professional airline pilots in a full-flight simulator. In a pre-training session, 20 pilots performed a manual approach scenario as pilot flying (PFs) and were classified into three groups according to their flight performance: unstabilized, standard, and most accurate. The unstabilized pilots either under- or over-focused various instruments. Their number of visual scanning patterns was lower than those of pilots who managed to stabilize their approach. The most accurate pilots showed a higher perceptual efficiency with shorter fixation times and more fixations on important primary flight instruments. Approximately 10 months later, fourteen pilots returned for a post-training session. They received a short training program and performed a similar manual approach as during the pre-training session. Seven of them, the experimental group, received individual feedback on their own performance and visual behavior (i.e., during the pre-training session) and a variety of data obtained from the most accurate pilots, including an eye-tracking video showing efficient visual scanning strategies from one of the most accurate pilots. The other seven, the control group, received general guidelines on cockpit monitoring. During the post-training session, the experimental group had better flight performance (compared to the control group), and its visual scanning strategies became more similar to those of the most accurate pilots. In summary, our results suggest that cockpit monitoring underlies manual flight performance and that it can be improved using a training program based mainly on exposure to eye movement examples from highly accurate pilots.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lounis C, Peysakhovich V, Causse M. Visual scanning strategies in the cockpit are modulated by pilots' expertise: A flight simulator study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247061. [PMID: 33600487 PMCID: PMC7891757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During a flight, pilots must rigorously monitor their flight instruments since it is one of the critical activities that contribute to update their situation awareness. The monitoring is cognitively demanding, but is necessary for timely intervention in the event of a parameter deviation. Many studies have shown that a large part of commercial aviation accidents involved poor cockpit monitoring from the crew. Research in eye-tracking has developed numerous metrics to examine visual strategies in fields such as art viewing, sports, chess, reading, aviation, and space. In this article, we propose to use both basic and advanced eye metrics to study visual information acquisition, gaze dispersion, and gaze patterning among novices and pilots. The experiment involved a group of sixteen certified professional pilots and a group of sixteen novice during a manual landing task scenario performed in a flight simulator. The two groups landed three times with different levels of difficulty (manipulated via a double task paradigm). Compared to novices, professional pilots had a higher perceptual efficiency (more numerous and shorter dwells), a better distribution of attention, an ambient mode of visual attention, and more complex and elaborate visual scanning patterns. We classified pilot's profiles (novices-experts) by machine learning based on Cosine KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) using transition matrices. Several eye metrics were also sensitive to the landing difficulty. Our results can benefit the aviation domain by helping to assess the monitoring performance of the crews, improve initial and recurrent training and ultimately reduce incidents, and accidents due to human error.
Collapse
|
4
|
Perry CM, Singh T, Springer KG, Harrison AT, McLain AC, Herter TM. Multiple processes independently predict motor learning. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:151. [PMID: 33203416 PMCID: PMC7670816 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our ability to acquire, refine and adapt skilled limb movements is a hallmark of human motor learning that allows us to successfully perform many daily activities. The capacity to acquire, refine and adapt other features of motor performance, such as visual search, eye-hand coordination and visuomotor decisions, may also contribute to motor learning. However, the extent to which refinements of multiple behavioral features and their underlying neural processes independently contribute to motor learning remains unknown. In the current study, we used an ethological approach to test the hypothesis that practice-related refinements of multiple behavioral features would be independently predictive of motor learning. Methods Eighteen healthy, young adults used an upper-limb robot with eye-tracking to practice six trials of a continuous, visuomotor task once a week for six consecutive weeks. Participants used virtual paddles to hit away 200 “Targets” and avoid hitting 100 “Distractors” that continuously moved towards them from the back of the workspace. Motor learning was inferred from trial-by-trial acquisition and week-by-week retention of improvements on two measures of task performance related to motor execution and motor inhibition. Adaptations involving underlying neural processes were inferred from trial-by-trial acquisition and week-by-week retention of refinements on measures of skilled limb movement, visual search, eye-hand coordination and visuomotor decisions. We tested our hypothesis by quantifying the extent to which refinements on measures of multiple behavioral features (predictors) were independently predictive of improvements on our two measures of task performance (outcomes) after removing all shared variance between predictors. Results We found that refinements on measures of skilled limb movement, visual search and eye-hand coordination were independently predictive of improvements on our measure of task performance related to motor execution. In contrast, only refinements of eye-hand coordination were independently predictive of improvements on our measure of task performance related to motor inhibition. Conclusion Our results provide indirect evidence that refinements involving multiple, neural processes may independently contribute to motor learning, and distinct neural processes may underlie improvements in task performance related to motor execution and motor inhibition. This also suggests that refinements involving multiple, neural processes may contribute to motor recovery after stroke, and rehabilitation interventions should be designed to produce refinements of all behavioral features that may contribute to motor recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Perry
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kayla G Springer
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Adam T Harrison
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Troy M Herter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haslbeck A, Zhang B. I spy with my little eye: Analysis of airline pilots' gaze patterns in a manual instrument flight scenario. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 63:62-71. [PMID: 28502407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze pilots' visual scanning in a manual approach and landing scenario. Manual flying skills suffer from increasing use of automation. In addition, predominantly long-haul pilots with only a few opportunities to practice these skills experience this decline. Airline pilots representing different levels of practice (short-haul vs. long-haul) had to perform a manual raw data precision approach while their visual scanning was recorded by an eye-tracking device. The analysis of gaze patterns, which are based on predominant saccades, revealed one main group of saccades among long-haul pilots. In contrast, short-haul pilots showed more balanced scanning using two different groups of saccades. Short-haul pilots generally demonstrated better manual flight performance and within this group, one type of scan pattern was found to facilitate the manual landing task more. Long-haul pilots tend to utilize visual scanning behaviors that are inappropriate for the manual ILS landing task. This lack of skills needs to be addressed by providing specific training and more practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Haslbeck
- Institute of Ergonomics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Ergonomics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Transport Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakashima R, Komori Y, Maeda E, Yoshikawa T, Yokosawa K. Temporal Characteristics of Radiologists' and Novices' Lesion Detection in Viewing Medical Images Presented Rapidly and Sequentially. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1553. [PMID: 27774080 PMCID: PMC5054019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although viewing multiple stacks of medical images presented on a display is a relatively new but useful medical task, little is known about this task. Particularly, it is unclear how radiologists search for lesions in this type of image reading. When viewing cluttered and dynamic displays, continuous motion itself does not capture attention. Thus, it is effective for the target detection that observers' attention is captured by the onset signal of a suddenly appearing target among the continuously moving distractors (i.e., a passive viewing strategy). This can be applied to stack viewing tasks, because lesions often show up as transient signals in medical images which are sequentially presented simulating a dynamic and smoothly transforming image progression of organs. However, it is unclear whether observers can detect a target when the target appears at the beginning of a sequential presentation where the global apparent motion onset signal (i.e., signal of the initiation of the apparent motion by sequential presentation) occurs. We investigated the ability of radiologists to detect lesions during such tasks by comparing the performances of radiologists and novices. Results show that overall performance of radiologists is better than novices. Furthermore, the temporal locations of lesions in CT image sequences, i.e., when a lesion appears in an image sequence, does not affect the performance of radiologists, whereas it does affect the performance of novices. Results indicate that novices have greater difficulty in detecting a lesion appearing early than late in the image sequence. We suggest that radiologists have other mechanisms to detect lesions in medical images with little attention which novices do not have. This ability is critically important when viewing rapid sequential presentations of multiple CT images, such as stack viewing tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Komori
- Department of Psychology, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Maeda
- The University of Tokyo HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roberts PS, Rizzo JR, Hreha K, Wertheimer J, Kaldenberg J, Hironaka D, Riggs R, Colenbrander A. A conceptual model for vision rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2016; 53:693-704. [PMID: 27997671 PMCID: PMC5444332 DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2015.06.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vision impairments are highly prevalent after acquired brain injury (ABI). Conceptual models that focus on constructing intellectual frameworks greatly facilitate comprehension and implementation of practice guidelines in an interprofessional setting. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the vision literature in ABI, describe a conceptual model for vision rehabilitation, explain its potential clinical inferences, and discuss its translation into rehabilitation across multiple practice settings and disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Roberts
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John-Ross Rizzo
- Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kimberly Hreha
- Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation and Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, and Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey Wertheimer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer Kaldenberg
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Dawn Hironaka
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Riggs
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Research of Eye Movement Behavior of Expert and Novice in Flight Simulation of Landing. ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40030-3_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
9
|
Kato M, Konishi Y. Where and how infants look: the development of scan paths and fixations in face perception. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 36:32-41. [PMID: 23261787 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that infants prefer faces but relatively little is known about how infants look at face. The present work examined the development of face perception by using the scan paths. Infants (aged 6-13.5 months) and adults were presented with images of upright and inverted faces, and looking times and scan paths were compared. Similarity between participants' scan paths demonstrated that infants collect facial information more efficiently from upright faces than from inverted faces, and this ability gradually develops with age. Analyses of looking times also revealed that preferences for upright faces were gradually replaced by preferences for inverted faces by approximately 10 months of age. The results indicate that the processing of configural information gradually develops throughout infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Kato
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Person perception informs understanding of cognition during visual search. Atten Percept Psychophys 2011; 73:1672-93. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-011-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Looking versus seeing: Strategies alter eye movements during visual search. Psychon Bull Rev 2010; 17:543-9. [DOI: 10.3758/pbr.17.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Barlett CP, Vowels CL, Shanteau J, Crow J, Miller T. The effect of violent and non-violent computer games on cognitive performance. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Morrow DG, Miller LMS, Ridolfo HE, Magnor C, Fischer UM, Kokayeff NK, Stine-Morrow EAL. Expertise and Age Differences in Pilot Decision Making. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2008; 16:33-55. [DOI: 10.1080/13825580802195641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Schriver AT, Morrow DG, Wickens CD, Talleur DA. Expertise differences in attentional strategies related to pilot decision making. HUMAN FACTORS 2008; 50:864-878. [PMID: 19292010 DOI: 10.1518/001872008x374974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated expertise differences in pilot decision making by examining a hypothesized attention-action link. During simulated flight we measured the accuracy and latency of more and less expert pilots' decision outcomes and used eye tracking to measure their attention. We also examined whether decision outcomes and attentional strategies were influenced by properties of the cues indicating problems. BACKGROUND Errors in decision making contribute to many accidents and incidents, especially among inexperienced pilots. Although much is known about decision errors in terms of their outcomes, less is known about the cognitive processes that underlie expert differences in aviation decision making. METHOD Fourteen more expert and 14 less expert pilots flew 16 flights in a simulator. Half of the flights contained a failure requiring diagnosis and action in response to the failure. Cues signaling the failures varied in how diagnostic and/or correlated they were. RESULTS The more expert pilots generally made better decisions in terms of speed and accuracy. Both groups made faster correct decisions when cues were high versus low in diagnosticity. Only the more expert pilots made faster correct decisions when cues were correlated. More attention was allocated to relevant cues (measured by percentage dwell time on areas of interest) when a failure was present, primarily among expert pilots. Moreover, the amount of attention to cues was associated with decision accuracy. CONCLUSION The findings support the link between greater attention and more effective decision making. APPLICATION The expert advantage in attention underlying decision outcomes may provide targets for improving pilot training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Schriver
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boot WR, Kramer AF, Becic E, Wiegmann DA, Kubose T. Detecting transient changes in dynamic displays: the more you look, the less you see. HUMAN FACTORS 2006; 48:759-73. [PMID: 17240723 DOI: 10.1518/001872006779166424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two experiments examined the detectability of transient changes in cluttered and dynamic displays and optimal scan strategies for performance. BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that onset changes are prioritized by the attention system and onsets are often used to signal important display changes. However, research has mostly used uncluttered, static displays and has largely ignored the role of scan strategy. METHOD We had participants monitor a cluttered and dynamic display and respond when an object changed color or onset abruptly. Scan strategies were also evaluated. In another experiment participants were instructed to use particular strategies to detect changes. RESULTS Consistent with previous results, onset events were detected better than were color change events. Scan strategy accounted for a large proportion of variance in detection performance. Participants who made few eye movements performed best. Participants who actively scanned the display performed worst. When poor performers were instructed to make few eye movements, their performance matched that of the best performers. CONCLUSION Onset alerts can be an effective means of signaling important events in complex displays. Additionally, scan strategy plays an important role in the detection of transient events. APPLICATION These results have important implications for training operators to search for transient changes within dynamic and cluttered displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Boot
- Beckman Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee FJ, Anderson JR. Does learning a complex task have to be complex? A study in learning decomposition. Cogn Psychol 2001; 42:267-316. [PMID: 11305884 DOI: 10.1006/cogp.2000.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many theories of skill acquisition have had considerable success in addressing the fine details of learning in relatively simple tasks, but can they scale up to complex tasks that are more typical of human learning in the real world? Some theories argue for scalability by making the implicit assumption that complex tasks consist of many smaller parts, which are learned according to basic learning principles. Surprisingly, there has been rather sparse empirical testing of this crucial assumption. In this article, we examine this assumption directly by decomposing the learning in the Kanfer-Ackerman Air-Traffic Controller Task (Ackerman, 1988) from the learning at the global level all the way down to the learning at the keystroke level. First, we reanalyze the data from Ackerman (1988) and show that the learning in this complex task does indeed reflect the learning of smaller parts at the keystroke level. Second, in a follow-up eye-tracking experiment, we show that a large portion of the learning at the keystroke level reflects the learning even at a lower, i.e., attentional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Lee
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA 15213-3890, USA. fjl+@cmu.edu
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsang PS, Velazquez VL, Vidulich MA. Viability of resource theories in explaining time-sharing performance. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1996; 91:175-206. [PMID: 8677806 DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(94)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of the present research was to test for performance tradeoff induced by priority instructions with the purportedly unbiased optimum-maximum method. In experiment 1, performance tradeoff was observed when the tracking task was optimized but not when the Sternberg memory task was optimized. It was hypothesized that the tracking task was protected by peripheral vision when subjects focused on the optimized memory task. The second experiment tested the generality of the results with additional variations of the task pairs selected to represent different degrees of shared resources. The extent of performance tradeoff and time-sharing efficiency varied systematically with the extent of predicted resource overlap between the time-shared tasks. The observed performance tradeoff was strongly indicative of subjects' voluntary allocation control. Further, subjective ratings suggested that such control was effortful. These results were supportive of multiple resource theories and the viability of resource explanation of task interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Tsang
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45430, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Frederiksen JR, White BY. An approach to training based upon principled task decomposition. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(89)90006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|