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EVANS W, SHORT DS. Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2000; 20:529-51. [PMID: 13584641 PMCID: PMC491805 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.20.4.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tószegi AM. Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects. BEITRAGE ZUR PATHOLOGIE 1972; 147:390-8. [PMID: 4649099 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-8165(72)80037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of two cases in which physiologically advantageous ventricular septal defects closed spontaneously are presented. The first patient, with tricuspid atresia, Type I(c), developed symptoms and signs of increasing systemic hypoxemia, decreasing pulmonary blood flow, and a systolic murmur of decreasing intensity. His ventricular septal defect, previously demonstrated angiocardiographically, could not be found at autopsy; it is presumed to have closed by fusion of its muscular rims with subsequent covering by endocardial proliferation. The second patient, with a double-outlet right ventricle, demonstrated progressive left ventricular enlargement and congestive failure despite increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. Postmortem examination showed that this defect was sealed by adherence of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve to the edges of the defect. Appreciation of the true nature of the changing anatomical situation would have resulted in more rational effective therapeutic approaches.
The cases presented and review of pertinent literature contribute to more complete understanding of circumstances surrounding the spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects.
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Hastreiter AR, D'Cruz IA, Cantez T, Namin EP, Licata R. Right-sided aorta. I. Occurrence of right aortic arch in various types of congenital heart disease. II. Right aortic arch, right descending aorta, and associated anomalies. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 1966; 28:722-39. [PMID: 5332779 PMCID: PMC490086 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.28.6.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
It is now possible to synthesize the natural history of ventricular septal defect. Size is fundamental, and stemming from it, the smaller defects (groups 1 and 2) separate from the larger (groups 3, 4, and 5) immediately at birth. Apparent size may differ from real size, for defects may become partially closed by tricuspid valve leaflets, or be gradually obstructed by an enlarging aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. One instance has been observed in which a muscular defect was obstructed by a large papillary muscle. The reverse may also occur, i.e., a partially obstructed defect may enlarge as a blocking tricuspid leaflet detaches or tears.
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SCOTT RC, McGUIRE J, KAPLAN S, FOWLER NO, GREEN RS, GORDON LZ, SHABETAI R, DAVOLOS DD. The syndrome of ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency∗. Am J Cardiol 1958; 2:530-53. [PMID: 13594841 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(58)90180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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