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Żuchowski B, Błaszyk K, Piskorski J, Wykrętowicz A, Guzik P. Dependence of the Atrioventricular Conduction Time on the Conduction through the Atrioventricular Node and His-Purkinje System. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041330. [PMID: 36835864 PMCID: PMC9958776 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrical depolarization of the heart passes through various structures of the cardiac conduction system, which modify its conduction to different extents. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the atrioventricular conduction time (AV interval) and its contributors, the atrioventricular node (AVN) and the His-Purkinje system (HPS), as represented by the AH and HV intervals, respectively. We also compared sex differences in these intervals and their relations. Resting intracardiac tracings lasting 5 min were obtained from 64 patients (33 women) during an invasive electrophysiological study. The aforementioned intervals were measured for all consecutive beats. The mean AH interval was 85.9 ms, HV 43.7 ms, and AV 129.6 ms. Men had longer AH (80.0 vs. 65.9 ms), HV (38.4 vs. 35.3 ms), and AV intervals (124.7 vs. 108.5 ms) than women. The AV intervals were linearly correlated with AH intervals in all patients (r2 = 0.65). No significant correlation was found between AV and HV intervals in all patients (r2 = 0.05). There were no sex differences in these associations. Our results suggest that the atrioventricular conduction time depends mainly on the conduction through the AVN and less on the HPS. These relations are similar in both sexes, although men had longer conduction times through the AVN, HPS, and total atrioventricular conduction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Żuchowski
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618691391
| | - Krzysztof Błaszyk
- I Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, Z. Szafrana 4a, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wykrętowicz
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Nissen SD, Weis R, Krag-Andersen EK, Hesselkilde EM, Isaksen JL, Carstensen H, Kanters JK, Linz D, Sanders P, Hopster-Iversen C, Jespersen T, Pehrson S, Buhl R. Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1119-1130. [PMID: 35488721 PMCID: PMC9151491 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long‐term exercise induces cardiac remodeling that potentially influences the electrical properties of the heart. Hypothesis/objectives We assessed whether training alters cardiac conduction in Standardbred racehorses. Animals Two hundred one trained and 52 untrained Standardbred horses. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Resting ECG recordings were analyzed to assess heart rate (HR) along with standard ECG parameters and for identification of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study was performed in 13 horses assessing the effect of training on sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and His signal recordings. Age and sex adjustments were implemented in multiple and logistic regression models for comparison. Results Resting HR in beats per minute (bpm) was lower in trained vs untrained horses (mean, 30.8 ± 2.6 bpm vs 32.9 ± 4.2 bpm; P = .001). Trained horses more often displayed second‐degree atrioventricular block (2AVB; odds ratio, 2.59; P = .04). No difference in SNRT was found between groups (n = 13). Mean P‐A, A‐H, and H‐V intervals were 71 ± 20, 209 ± 41, and 134 ± 41 ms, respectively (n = 7). We did not detect a training effect on AV‐nodal conduction intervals. His signals were present in 1 horse during 2AVB with varying H‐V interval preceding a blocked beat. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We identified decreased HR and increased frequency of 2AVB in trained horses. In 5 of 7 horses, His signal recordings had variable H‐V intervals within each individual horse, providing novel insight into AV conduction in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Nissen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Weis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth K Krag-Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Eva M Hesselkilde
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Carstensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hopster-Iversen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology 2142, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Rikke Buhl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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FISHER JOHND, BAKER JAY, FERRICK KEVINJ, FRAME ROSEMARY, KIM SOOG, ROTH JAMESA, MERCANDO ANTHONYD. The Atrial Electrogram During Clinical Electrophysiologic Studies: Onset versus the Local/Intrinsic Deflection. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1991.tb01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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