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Li X, Guan J, Sun T, Yang J, Yu H, Yao J, Wang Z. Circadian learning and memory changes in Aβ1-42 induced Alzheimer's mice. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:463-471. [PMID: 31728887 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a growing health problem globally, which causes a progressive decline in learning and memory and multiple disturbances of circadian rhythms. Six Alzheimer's mice and six wild type (WT) mice were involved in this study. Morris Water Maze (MWM) tasks were conducted hourly to evaluate their circadian learning and memory performance. We used a single cosinor-based method to evaluate the circadian learning and memory of Alzheimer's mice and WT mice, respectively. An area sensor was used to record locomotor activity for 2 weeks continuously, including 7 days of 12 h light/12 h dark (LD) conditions and 7 days of 12 h dark/12 h dark (DD) conditions. All WT mice showed circadian rhythm presence in learning and memory, and the peak of escape latency appeared at circadian time (CT) 12. Only one in six Alzheimer's mice showed a circadian rhythm, but the peak of escape latency was postponed to CT20. Alzheimer's mice showed rhythm absence under LD or DD conditions. Under LD conditions, the WT mice activity was higher than that in the Alzheimer's mice during ZT0-5 (p = 0.007) and ZT18-23 (p = 0.353) but lower during ZT6-11 (p < 0.001) and ZT12-17 (p < 0.001). Learning and memory of wild type mice is proved to have a circadian variation throughout a day. In Alzheimer's mice, rhythmic locomotor activity and circadian learning and memory performance were disrupted. Understanding the role of rhythmic disturbances in the process of AD may assist to identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Neurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tong Sun
- Neurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jingguo Yang
- Neurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Yu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hostipal, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 410000, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Li X, Guan J, Hou W, Cheng S, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. The circadian intracranial pressure would be a prognostic factor in traumatic brain injury? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1197515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Nurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Hou
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyou Liu
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang T, Jiang Z, Hou W, Li Z, Cheng S, Green LA, Wang Y, Wen X, Cai L, Clauss M, Wang Z. HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system. HIV Med 2014; 15:565-70. [PMID: 24750691 PMCID: PMC4285855 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disorders are common in patients with HIV/AIDS, and can lead to poor quality of life. Although many studies have investigated the aetiology of these disorders, it is still unclear whether impaired sleep quality is associated with HIV itself, social problems, or side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Moreover, despite its known neurological associations, little is known about the role of the trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein in sleep disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the sleep quality of patients with HIV/AIDS affected by an altered circadian rhythm correlates with cerebrospinal HIV Tat protein concentration. METHODS Ninety-six patients with HIV/AIDS between 20 and 69 years old completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Their circadian rhythm parameters of blood pressure, Tat concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, melatonin concentration, CD4 cell count and HIV RNA viral load in serum were measured. RESULTS The circadian amplitude of systolic blood pressure and the score for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were negatively correlated with HIV Tat protein concentration, while the melatonin value was positively correlated with Tat protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS The HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system in patients with HIV/AIDS and further increases the melatonin excretion value. A Tat protein-related high melatonin value may counteract HIV-related poor sleep quality during the progression of HIV infection. This study provides the first clinical evidence offering an explanation for why sleep quality did not show an association with progression of HIV infection in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - W Hou
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Z Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - S Cheng
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - LA Green
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - X Wen
- Chengdu Infection Diseases HospitalChengdu, China
| | - L Cai
- Chengdu Infection Diseases HospitalChengdu, China
| | - M Clauss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Z Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
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Otsuka K, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. Circadian rhythmic fractal scaling of heart rate variability in health and coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 2009; 20:631-8. [PMID: 9220180 PMCID: PMC6655627 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical cardiology, heart rate variability is a putative index of autonomic cardiovascular function. Signs of reduced vagal activity are not only associated with an enhanced risk of sudden cardiac death, but such impaired heart rate variability became a new predictor of sudden cardiac death and other mortality in patients with a variety of diseased states. HYPOTHESIS It is postulated (1) that the time structure (chronome) of heart rate variability in clinical health includes a circadian rhythm and deterministic chaos, the latter gauged by the correlation dimensions of RR intervals; and (2) that this chronome is altered in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS From 24-h Holter records of 11 healthy controls and 10 patients with CAD, 500-s sections around 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 hours were analyzed for smoothed RR intervals sampled at 4 Hz. Correlation integrals were estimated for embedding dimensions from 1 to 20 with a 1.0-s time lag, using an algorithm modified from Grassberger and Procaccia. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test compares circadian end points assessed by cosinor between the CAD patients and age-matched controls. RESULTS A circadian rhythm characterizes the correlation dimension of healthy subjects peaking during the night (p < 0.005). Patients with CAD have a lowered correlation dimension (p < 0.05) and an altered circadian variation which requires the consideration of an approximately 12-h (circasemidian) component. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the sensitivity of circadian rhythms for the detection of disease. A partial 24- to 12-h (circadian-to-circasemidian) frequency multiplication (or partial variance transposition) in CAD of the correlation dimension, apart from being a potential clue to the etiology of the disease, adds a new feature to a chronocardiology combining, with the fractal scaling, an assessment of circadian and circasemidian components as measures of predictable variability to be tested for use in diagnosis, prognosis, and as putative guides to treatment timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otsuka
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Daini Hospital, Japan
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Guan J, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. Circadian effects on outcome following surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage in humans? Brain Res 2008; 1258:78-85. [PMID: 19146836 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that recovery of brain injury involves in circadian system and circadian system also modulates cardiovascular function. The present study was focused on the circadian characteristic of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) after neurosurgical operation at the first 24-hour and its relationship to prognosis of HICH. This retrospective study was based on the analysis of circadian rhythm of postoperative patients with HICH who received no anti-hypertensive treatment before operation and during the first 24-hour after operation. Series data of BP and HR after operation were analyzed with cosinor method to determine whether circadian rhythms were present or absent. The patients were divided into two groups, including presence of circadian rhythm group and absence of circadian rhythm group. The basic clinical characteristics of two groups were analyzed with Student's t-test. The percentage of good prognosis in two groups was analyzed with Pearson's Chi-squared test. Statistical results indicated that the percentage of good prognosis was significantly different between the presence and absence group. More cases of good prognosis in presence group of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was discovered than in absence group (p=0.032). The results of Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and HR were similar as SBP was observed in presence group for DBP (p=0.002) and for HR (p=0.001), respectively. We conclude that the presence or absence of circadian rhythm after operation would be an early predictor of the postoperative prognosis from hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Ministry of Health (Sichuan University), Sichuan University, renming nan road 17#, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Curione M, Cugini P, Napoli A, Colatrella A, Di Bona S, Cammarota C, Amato S, Castro C, Fallucca F. A lower level of entropy in circadian rhythm of the sinus R-R intervals suggests a prevalence of the cardiac sympathetic regulation in early physiological pregnancy. Chronobiol Int 2005; 22:711-22. [PMID: 16147901 DOI: 10.1080/07420520500179357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study estimates the unpredictable disorder (chaos) within the 24 h pattern of sinus R-R intervals (SRRI) in clinically healthy pregnant women (CHPW) and clinically healthy non-pregnant women (CHNPW), in order to evaluate the early gestational changes in neurovegetative cardiac pacing. SRRI were provided by the 24-h Holter ECG of 10 CHPW and 10 CHNPW. SRRI were investigated by descriptive conventional statistics by means of the Time and Frequency Domain Analysis, and subsequently, in their chaotic component by means of entropy analysis. Both the SRRI and entropy were tested via the Cosinor method to better decipher whether or not the periodic disorder in heart rate variability is modified in pregnancy as a result of a gestational tonic resetting of the cardiac sympatho-vagal regulation. Cosinor analysis documented that the circadian rhythm of both the SRRI and entropy were preserved in CHNPW and CHPW. However, the circadian rhythm of SRRI and entropy in CHPW exhibited a significantly decreased 24 h mean. Via the analysis of the rhythmicity of entropy, this study has documented that the chaos in the 24 h pattern of SRRI is less prominent in CHPW than in CHNPW. Such a reduction of level in the deterministic periodic chaos of heart rate variability provides evidence that, in early pregnancy, a tonic elevation of the sympathetic activity regulates cardiac pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Curione
- Department of Clinical Sciences, 1st Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Spector NH, Sonkowsky RP, Otsuka K, Baciu I, Hriscu M, Schwartzkopff O, Bakken EE. Stress/strain/life revisited. Quantification by blood pressure chronomics: benetensive, transtensive or maletensive chrono-vasculo-neuro-immuno-modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 57 Suppl 1:136s-163s. [PMID: 14572690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose to initiate the automatic self-assessment of wear and tear as "stress and strain" by the time structures of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), in order to arrive eventually at an individualized timely and timed routine of life and to early preventive intervention as soon as needed. The routine may involve physiological scheduling of physical and mental activities and meals, and if need be of non-drug or drug treatment for stress amplification, e.g., by exercise, and/or strain (not stress) relief by relaxation. In so doing, we recognize the circulation as a pillar and marker of preventive and active neuroimmunomodulation (NIM), suggesting that some concerns of a vasculo- and broader NIM can be quantified by transdisciplinary chronobiology using its cartography--chronomics--of time structures, i.e., chronomes, from chronos = time and nomos = rule. Thus, we are introducing the chronomics of BP, HR and of other variables in the historical context of pioneers who were indispensable to experimental medicine. We build upon their contributions, but we must point out when, in the past, by necessity rather than choice, the giants provided rationalizing truisms that are no substitute for systematic serial data collection and appropriate computer analysis. A time-unspecified spotcheck as a baseline is much better than no measurement, but very often it is not enough, and it is always insufficient when an estimate of variability constitutes the information needed. For dynamic cycles, there are only reference cycles as a routine, although when maps are available, single timed spotchecks can be invaluable. With reference to their historical context, here we rely only upon data which necessity, rather than philosophy, compels us to collect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 8609, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Otsuka K, Murakami S, Kubo Y, Yamanaka T, Mitsutake G, Ohkawa S, Matsubayashi K, Yano S, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. Chronomics for chronoastrobiology with immediate spin-offs for life quality and longevity. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 57 Suppl 1:1s-18s. [PMID: 14572671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of geomagnetic disturbance on heart rate variability (HRV), the 1/f fractal scaling in particular, are being assessed in adults living at high latitude, where magnetic storms are more frequent and more intense than at lower latitudes. The latter may constitute a signal or a proxy, and possibly a mechanism underlying both undesirable and desirable effects, depending upon circumstances yet to be elucidated. Any circadecadal stage-dependence of morbidity and/or mortality from certain conditions such as myocardial infarctions remains to be studied in both adult and pediatric populations. Further work could thus examine whether any associations of geomagnetic disturbances may account, at least in part, through effects upon the circulation, for long-term infra-annual changes, possibly anchored in the population's gene pool, observed in a number of anthropologic measurements at birth as well as in other population statistics. In order to assess the development of several chronome components of the electrocardiogram (ECG), around-the-clock ambulatory ECG were recorded from 19 infants (25 days-3 months of age), 22 children (3-9 years of age), 18 boys and girls (10-14 years of age), pubertal boys (15-20 years of age), and 10 young men (21-29 years of age). Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were obtained by spectral analysis, using the maximal entropy method (MEM). The frequency of detection of the circadian, circasemidian and circaoctohoran components, with periods of about 24, 12 and 8 h, respectively, was compared among the five groups for several HRV endpoints, notably 1/f fractal scaling, total spectral power within a 5-min span, and its distribution into several frequency regions. A circadian component is already detectable in a sizeable proportion of infants and children for most of the HRV indices considered. The incidence of detection of the circadian component increases with age for the spectral power in different frequency regions, notably around 10.5 s ("LF") and around 3.6 s ("HF"); it peaks around puberty for 1/f in our data; and it did not detectably change with age for the total spectral power. Similar changes with age are not observed for the circasemidian or circaoctohoran components. The latter characterizes primarily 1/f and less so the about 3.6 s power ("HF"). Several aspects of the HRV chronome may thus develop differently as a function of age. In 2000, we began a community-based study named "Longitudinal Investigation of Longevity and Aging in Hokkaido County (LILAC study)". The ambulatory blood pressure (BP) of middle-aged subjects, aged 40-74 years, was monitored 7-day/24-h, and the cardiovascular and neurobehavioral functions of elderly people above 75 years were evaluated. Our goal was the prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction and the decline in cognitive function of the elderly in a community. Of 115 elderly people recruited in a longitudinal community-based study in 2000, 72 completed yearly follow-ups in 2002. A cardiovascular score based on BP, pulse wave velocity, and 1-h ECG-based HRV endpoints served to distinguish between normal, mildly disordered, or disordered participants. A comparison of cognitive function in 2002 vs. 2000, assessed with the MMSE, HDSR, the Up & Go and Functional Reach tests, gauged any effect of social intervention. Cognitive function was maintained or improved, especially for people suffering from hypertension, tachycardia, or a decreased HRV, suggesting that cardiovascular function is a major factor affecting cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otsuka
- Division of Neurocardiology and Chronoecology, Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Daini Hospital, Nishiogu 2-1-10, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8567, Japan
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- William B White
- Section of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030-3940, USA.
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10
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Krame KM, Sothern RB. Circadian characteristics of corticosterone secretion in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi). Chronobiol Int 2001; 18:933-45. [PMID: 11777081 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-100107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To provide necessary background for study of stress response in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), the circadian and ultradian rhythm in corticosterone release was characterized. Animals were maintained under a 16h light, 8h dark cycle. A total of 55 males and 46 females provided 101 independent blood samples over a 6-month span. Samples were obtained at 1h to 2h intervals during the light and at 2h intervals during the dark. Using edited data (5 values beyond the upper 95% limit were removed), a significant time effect was found by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for both sexes at P < .001. The composite single cosine best describing the circadian wave-form for each sex consisted of three components (24h, 12h, and 6h), each significant at P < .05 (overall model P < .001). The 24h mean (mesor) was about 60% higher in females than males (646 ng/mL vs. 412 ng/mL, P = .01), with amplitudes of 429 and 298 ng/mL being proportional (66% vs. 72%) to the respective mesor. The predictable range of change within a 24h span (determined by the double amplitude of a 24h + 12h + 6h cosine model) was large: It was more than 1600 ng/mL for females and more than 900 ng/ mL for males. Highest values were found during the dark phase, with the 24h acrophase located at 2h into the dark span for both sexes. With the caveat of fewer samples obtained during dark than during light, the actual peak values for females occurred at 2h and for males at 6h into the 8h dark span. These results provide baseline information about the circadian time structure for serum corticosterone in red-backed voles under normal light-dark, low-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Krame
- Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, USA.
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11
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Schaffer EM, Cornélissen G, Rhodus N, Halhuber M, Watanabe Y, Halberg F. Blood pressure outcomes of dental patients screened chronobiologically: a seven-year follow-up. J Am Dent Assoc 2001; 132:891-9. [PMID: 11480642 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article is a follow-up on a 1998 article in JADA. The blood pressure, or BP, of 23 of 24 normotensive patients was monitored at 15-minute intervals for a total of nine days, in three consecutive sessions of four, two and three days, respectively, separated by a few weeks. METHODS Twelve patients were reached by phone seven years after the prior chronobiologically interpreted monitoring to ascertain their cardiovascular status since the initial monitoring. RESULTS Only two of the 12 patients reached in follow-up had abnormalities in all three sessions, and only these two patients reported having experienced an adverse vascular event (one a myocardial infarction, the other coronary artery bypass graft surgery). The difference in outcome between the patients with chronobiological abnormality in all three sessions vs. the pool of those with abnormality in only two, one or none of the sessions is statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Even a five-day (and sometimes a longer) profile, while greatly preferred to single measurements, may not suffice for a definitive diagnosis of certain patients. Retrospectively, the 864 measurements, on the average, on each person in our study could have served for a recommendation to each person. Chronobiologically interpreted BP and heart rate monitoring for a week or longer as a start detects high-risk states that may be missed by conventional casual measurements that are rarely accompanied by one-day profiles. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The dentist has an important opportunity for conveying the importance of monitoring BP and heart rate for a week to detect an abnormal variability, and for implementing this monitoring. Dentists can educate patients regarding the need for screening and for interpreting the results for variability, and contribute to their overall health by referring them to their physicians when treatment is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Schaffer
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Sciences, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Halgberg F, Cornélissen G, Watanabe Y, Otsuka K, Fiser B, Siegelova J, Mazankova V, Maggioni C, Sothern RB, Katinas GS, Syutkina EV, Burioka N, Schwrtzkopff O. Near 10-year and longer periods modulate circadians: intersecting anti-aging and chronoastrobiological research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56:M304-24. [PMID: 11341244 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/56.5.m304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological cycles with relatively long and some unusual periods in the range of the half-week, the half-year, years, or decades are being discovered. Their prior neglect constituted a confounder in aging and much other research, which then"flew blind" concerning the uncertainties associated with these cycles when they are not assessed. The resolution of more about 10-year and other cycles, some reported herein, replaces the admission of complete unpredictability, implied by using the label "secularity." Heretofore unaccounted-for variability becomes predictable insofar as it proves to be rhythmic and is mapped systematically to serve as a battery of useful reference values. About 10-year cycles in urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion and in heart rate and its variability, among others, are aligned with cycles of similar length in mortality from myocardial infarction. Associations accumulate between cycles of natural physical time structures, chronomes such as the 10.5-year (circadecennian) Schwabe and the 21-year (circavigintunennian) Hale cycles of solar activity, and chronomes in biota. There are about 50-year (circasemicentennian) cycles in mortality from stroke in Minnesota and in the Czech Republic and also in human morphology at birth, the latter result reducing the likelihood that these cycles are purely human made. Associations among large populations warrant long-term systematic coordinated sampling of natural physical and biological variables of interest for the design of countermeasures against already documented elevated risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and other catastrophic diseases, notably in elderly adults. New findings will be introduced against the background of the documented value of mapping rhythms in medicine and gerontology. In both these fields, rhythms promise the seeming paradox of better care for less.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Halgberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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White WB. Cardiovascular risk and therapeutic intervention for the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate. Blood Press Monit 2001; 6:63-72. [PMID: 11433126 DOI: 10.1097/00126097-200104000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of most adverse cardiovascular events appears to follow a circadian pattern, reaching a peak in the morning shortly after wakening and arising. The activities of many physiologic parameters, including hemodynamic, hematologic and humoral factors, also fluctuate in a cyclical manner over the 24h. It has been suggested that, during the post-awakening hours, the phases of these cycles synchronize to create an environment that predisposes to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis in susceptible individuals, thereby accounting for the heightened cardiovascular risk at this time of day. Blood pressure and heart rate are part of this physiologic process, following a clear circadian rhythm characterized by a fall during sleep and a sharp rise upon awakening. This so-called 'morning surge' in blood pressure may act as a trigger for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. The clinical implication of these observations is that antihypertensive therapy should provide blood pressure control over the entire interval between doses. For agents taken once daily in the morning, the time of trough plasma drug level (and lowest pharmacodynamic effect) will often coincide with the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate. For these reasons, chronotherapeutic formulations of drugs and intrinsically long-acting antihypertensive agents provide the most logical approach to the treatment of hypertensive patients since they provide 24 h blood pressure control from a single daily dose as well as attenuating the early morning rise in blood pressure (and in some instances heart rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- W B White
- Section of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3940, USA.
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14
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Otsuka K, Schwartzkopff O, Halberg J, Bakken E. Chronomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)90022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
A circadian variation of cardiac function with peak in the early morning was documented about twenty years ago. A circadian rhythm of platelet aggregability, in the same time of the day, was demonstrated in healthy young male subjects. The morning hours were also reported as crucial for sympathetic nervous system activity, for heart rate variability, and for the abrupt rise in blood pressure. Altogether, these trigger factors may explain the high incidence of sudden cardiac death during the morning. In the primary prevention of sudden death in patients with high cardiovascular risk, many strategies were proposed, such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive therapies, particularly beta-blockers and more recently, aspirin. Also in subjects without cardiovascular risk factors, it is predictable that early and continuous administration of low-dose aspirin, by inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombin formation, particularly in morning hours, may represent an effective therapy for the prevention of myocardial infarction and morning sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Guagnano
- Dept. Internal Medicine and Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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16
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Shinagawa M, Halberg F. Blood pressure variability assessed by semiautomatic and ambulatorily functional devices for home use. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21:729-40. [PMID: 10423096 DOI: 10.3109/10641969909061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As a basis for chronobiologic analyses and thereby for screening deviant blood pressure, measurements are advocated, preferably with ambulatorily functional instrumentation at half-hour intervals around-the-clock for an initial span of 7 days. When only manual instrumentation is available, 3-hourly measurements during waking and one measurement, preferably by a companion, around mid-sleep is recommended to detect a blood pressure disorder. Such screening is warranted for a reasonably reliable diagnosis, particularly in order to recognize circadian blood pressure overswinging (Circadian Hyper-Amplitude-Tension, CHAT) and to separate this new disease risk syndrome from an elevation of the time structure (chronome)-adjusted average (MESOR), that is MESOR-hypertension, and from the coexistence of the two foregoing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otsuka
- Department of Medicine, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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17
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Stoynev AG, Penev PD, Peneva AV, Cornelissen G, Halberg F, Ikonomov OC. Blood pressure and heart rate rhythmicity: differential effects of late pregnancy. Physiol Behav 1999; 66:269-75. [PMID: 10336153 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of 31 hospitalized pregnant women at low risk of hypertension were automatically monitored for 48 h at 15-min intervals. Each of the recorded 56 data series for systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and HR was chronobiologically assessed by linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. The rhythm-adjusted mean (MESOR), circadian amplitude, circadian acrophase, and best-fitting period were grouped by pregnancy trimester and further subjected to analysis of variance. BP MESOR remained unaltered, whereas HR MESOR increased significantly in middle and late pregnancy. Ultradian rhythms, with an amplitude higher than that of the circadian rhythm, were found in 25% of the SAP records in the second and third trimester. Such ultradian rhythms were not detected in the simultaneously recorded HR. Finally, the group BP and HR circadian acrophases coincided in the first trimester, but were significantly apart in mid and late pregnancy. These observations support the notion that the coordination of BP and HR rhythmicity involves different physiological mechanisms. Analysis of the individual variability in the chronobiological end points (based on the records of nine women monitored in each pregnancy trimester) revealed that only the BP MESOR was well reproducible in the course of pregnancy and may be useful in early diagnosis of gestational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Stoynev
- Laboratory of Physiology, Transport Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Svanes C, Sothern RB, Sørbye H. Rhythmic patterns in incidence of peptic ulcer perforation over 5.5 decades in Norway. Chronobiol Int 1998; 15:241-64. [PMID: 9653578 DOI: 10.3109/07420529808998687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ulcer perforation in 1480 patients treated in the Bergen area of Norway between 1935 and 1990 was analyzed for daily (circadian), weekly (circaseptan), and yearly (circannual) time effects. A circadian rhythm was found overall that was reproducible and fairly stable across seasons, decades, and days of the week. After subgrouping, a circadian rhythm was found in younger patients, males, and duodenal perforations, while a 12 h (circasemidian) rhythm characterized ulcer perforation for women and for gastric ulcers. Duodenal perforations showed highest incidence in the afternoon, while gastric perforations showed a major peak around noon and a secondary peak near midnight. For duodenal ulcer perforation, the circannual pattern was characterized by a 6-month rhythm, with significantly higher incidence in May-June-July and in November-December in most subgroups. A circaseptan rhythm was not found, but there was a significantly higher incidence on Thursday-Friday as compared to Sunday-Monday. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the perforation of an ulcer thus seemed to show pronounced circadian and 6-month rhythmic variations, much less so circaseptan or circannual rhythms. While it is likely that exogenous environmental and/or societal factors play a significant role, variations in ulcer perforation may be related to endogenous biological rhythms in pathophysiological factors since the circadian pattern of duodenal perforation follows that for gastric acidity. Knowledge of the temporal patterns in peptic ulcer perforation and associated pathophysiologic factors should prove useful in optimizing the chronotherapeutic management of ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Svanes
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
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19
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Wood MA, Lambert CR, Zaslavskaya R, Gubin D, Yuryevna Petukhova E, Delmore P, Bakken E. Rewards in practice from chrono-meta-analyses 'recycling' heart rate, ectopy, ischemia and blood pressure information. J Med Eng Technol 1997; 21:174-184. [PMID: 9350598 DOI: 10.3109/03091909709016225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previously published average curves of heart rate and duration of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease, studied while on placebo or on treatment with either atenolol or diltiazem, are re-analysed for the assessment of about-daily (circadian) and about-weekly (circaseptan) changes in these variables and of any treatment effect on rhythm characteristics. In addition to circadians, a circaseptan pattern characterizes the duration of ischemia in all three aforementioned study stages. Both drugs decrease the duration of ischemia, atenolol, but not diltiazem, also affects the circadian amplitude and acrophase of this variable. A circaseptan pattern is also found for heart rate on placebo and on treatment with atenolol, but not with diltiazem. Both drugs lower heart rate and the circadian amplitude and 24-h standard deviation of heart rate, atenolol much more markedly than diltiazem. Circadian and circaseptan rhythm characteristics and their alterations with treatment serve to optimize treatment by timing its administration. Chronobiologic surveillance of variables that are being readily monitored as-one-goes by modern implantable devices can also serve for the validation of the effectiveness of drug and electrical therapy. Rhythm alterations, in turn, can provide the earliest warnings of an elevated disease risk and lead to an improved diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Halberg
- Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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20
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Abstract
18 patients with distinct improvement of mood in the evening and 18 patients without, both suffering from major depression and equally treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), and an age- and sex-matched group of 18 normal control subjects underwent a standardized heart-rate (HR) analysis (HRA) in the morning (08:00) and 12 h later in the evening (20:00). The battery of cardiovascular reflex tests included the determination of HR variability (HRV) while resting and during deep breathing, and a spectral HRA. The depressed patients with diurnal variation of mood showed significantly decreased HR and significantly increased HRV parameters while resting and during deep respiration in the evening. On the contrary, patients without diurnal changes of mood just showed a significant HRV increase during deep respiration in the evening. No statistically significant changes of these parameters were detected in the healthy subjects. It is not known if the observed changes of HR parameters representing increment of parasympathetic tone are intrinsically related to the mood swings or if this rhythm just becomes visible under the circumstances of depression. Also, the impact of TCA treatment upon the results remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rechlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Wood MA, Simpson PM, London WB, Stambler BS, Herre JM, Bernstein RC, Ellenbogen KA. Circadian pattern of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25:901-7. [PMID: 7884095 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the temporal patterns of ventricular tachycardia detections by implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for circadian variability. BACKGROUND Previous studies of circadian arrhythmia patterns have been methodologically limited by very brief observational periods. Late-generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillators accurately record the times of arrhythmia detections during unlimited follow-up. METHODS Forty-three patients with late-generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were followed up for 226 +/- 179 days (mean +/- SD). The times of all recorded episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmias were retrieved from the data log of each device during follow-up. RESULTS The weighted distribution of 830 ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes from the 43 patients fit a single harmonic sine curve model with a peak between 2 and 3 P.M. (95% confidence interval 1:13 to 4:13 P.M., R = 0.75, p < 0.05). The distributions of spontaneously terminating episodes, episodes receiving device therapy, episodes receiving shocks and episodes in the absence of antiarrhythmic therapy also fit the sine curve model (all R = 0.53 and 0.73, all p < 0.05), all with peak frequencies between 2:08 and 3:09 P.M. and 95% confidence intervals for peak frequencies between 11:38 A.M. and 5:07 P.M. Episodes recorded during continuous antiarrhythmic drug therapy did not fit the model (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of ventricular tachyarrhythmias detected by late-generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillators follows a circadian pattern, with a peak tachycardia frequency between noon and 5 P.M. This pattern was not observed in patients receiving antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Knowledge of circadian periodicity for these events has implications for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Wood
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298
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22
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Bingham C, del Pozo F, Arredondo MT, Otsuka K, Quadens O, Breus T, Rapoport S, Komarov F. Telehygiene system for preventive chronopharmacology in space. J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 34:552-7. [PMID: 8083385 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb02006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A remote computerized health care (telehygiene) system for space travel includes monitoring devices and pharmaceuticals aimed at the optimization of health and the environment. Early risk indicators are provided by dynamic characteristics of rhythms of several frequencies describing variation inside the physiologic range. These rhythm characteristics, assessed as one goes, can be updated and compacted as data accumulate by the use of chronobiologic software that resolves anticipated components of lower and lower frequency, thus providing summaries of data at intervals of differing length. At any time, harbingers of risk, including characteristics of circannual rhythms, can be retrieved in an instant. On their basis, early preventive action can be instituted for risk lowering and for delivery of timed treatment when needed. Preventive or curative health care in space and terrestrial spin-offs are the more effective the more of the chronome (time-structure) is resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Halberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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23
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Abstract
Times of heightened susceptibility are expressed by nonrandom patterns in the incidence of various diseases, not only along the scale of a day but also of a week and a year. Whereas these rhythms can be synchronized by the environment, their endogenicity is revealed by their persistence in the absence of time cues with a period slightly but statistically significantly different from the environmental match. In the case of some circadians, the gene involved has been identified and heritabiliy in humans determined by studies on twins. Vital signs are now amenable to automatic monitoring around the clock. When analyzed by chronobiologic software, the data provide information regarding the given individual's time structure (chronome). Such physiologic monitoring serves the multiple purposes of deriving time-specified reference norms on the basis of which rhythm alteration can detect an elevated risk early, thus prompting timely preventive action and timed treatment whenever warranted. For long journeys in space, the design of a multi-disease prophylactic pill poses a chronopharmacologic challenge. Drugs such as aspirin and carnitine, used for the prevention of strokes, myocardial infarctions and depression, all show striking chronome-dependent effects which can determine not only the presence or the absence of a desired effect, but even yield effects in opposite directions.
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Hohnloser SH, Klingenheben T. Insights into the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death from analysis of circadian fluctuations of potential triggering factors. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1994; 17:428-33. [PMID: 7513870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death continues to be a poorly understood event in terms of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The observation of a circadian variability in the incidence of this catastrophic event with a prominent peak in the early morning hours provides an opportunity to study triggering factors that may play a causative role in the genesis of sudden cardiac death. As reviewed in this article, there is convincing evidence that transient disturbances in autonomic tone and the resulting consequences may predispose the heart to increased electrical vulnerability. This evidence is based for instance on circadian fluctuations of spontaneous ventricular ectopic activity and transient ischemia, which may serve as trigger factors for the genesis of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Analysis of heart rate variability provides further evidence of reduced vagal and elevated sympathetic tone during the morning hours particularly in patients with compromised left ventricular function. Diurnal variations in ventricular repolarization as indicated by QT interval changes in the surface ECG also support the concept of triggering factors in the genesis of sudden cardiac death. Therapeutic measures aiming at a reduction in sympathetic input to the heart have been successful in preventing ventricular fibrillation and thus indicate the importance of unbalanced sympathetic tone in patients prone to sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hohnloser
- University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Kümmell HC, Van Leeuwen P, Heckmann C, Engelke P, Kesting G, Kremer H, Becher A. Quality of life and circadian variation of heart rate and heart rate variability in short-term survivors and nonsurvivors after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 1993; 16:776-82. [PMID: 8269654 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960161106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the simultaneous examination of the quality of life and changes in heart rate (HR) variables of patients immediately following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Quality of life, estimated on a rating scale assessing the patients' well-being, as well as the circadian rhythm of their HR and HR variability, were determined within the first 3 days and at approximately 3 weeks after admission and the results were related to survival. The quality of life within the first 3 days post AMI was low in both the surviving (n = 42) and the nonsurviving (n = 5) patients but only the scores of the survivors increased significantly over the following three weeks. The HR of the survivors, initially lower than that of the nonsurvivors, decreased significantly at 3 weeks and a normal circadian pattern had developed. The HR variability of the survivors within the first 3 days was significantly higher than that of the nonsurvivors and had developed a clear circadian pattern after 3 weeks. It is concluded that in patients with AMI such diverse clinical aspects as quality of life and circadian patterns of HR and HR variability can be assessed meaningfully immediately post AMI and may find common expression in changes in sympathovagal balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kümmell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
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26
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Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Berger R, Balon R, Ramesh C, Glitz D, Srinivasan K, Weinberg P. Decreased heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: a study of power-spectral analysis of heart rate. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46:89-103. [PMID: 8464959 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have previously found decreased standard deviations and mean consecutive differences of R-R intervals in panic disorder patients in standing posture, compared with control subjects. In the present study, we used spectral analysis of heart rate variability to examine autonomic function in 21 panic disorder patients and 21 normal control subjects. Patients had a significantly lower standard deviation of heart rate in supine as well as standing postures. Absolute low frequency power (0.01-0.05 Hz) was also significantly lower in panic disorder patients in standing postures. Upon standing, the panic disorder patients had significantly higher relative mid-frequency power (0.07-0.15 Hz). During a standing deep-breathing condition at six breaths per minute, the patients had a significantly decreased absolute and relative mid-frequency (0.07-0.15 Hz) power compared with control subjects. These findings suggest a decrease in cholinergic and a relative increase in adrenergic responsiveness in panic disorder patients compared with control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Yeragani
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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27
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Purcell HJ, Gibbs JS, Coats AJ, Fox KM. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and circadian variation of cardiovascular disease; clinical and research applications. Int J Cardiol 1992; 36:135-49. [PMID: 1512052 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(92)90001-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is an evolving technology. It has an established role in the diagnosis of hypertension, the clinical management of selected patients, and in the evaluation of new medication. From continuous recording much has been learned about the circadian nature of blood pressure and heart rate. Future research holds promise for a greater understanding of the mechanisms and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this short review is to describe the development of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and outline some of its important contributions to date; and also to explore the research potential and clinical utility of advanced intravascular monitoring techniques, such as the continuous recording of pulmonary artery pressure in ambulant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Purcell
- Dept. of Cardiology, Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Han H, Shao D, Wu J, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. Chronobiologic approach to beat-to-beat variations of cultured murine myocardial cells. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1991; 18:217-29. [PMID: 1726533 DOI: 10.1007/bf02989815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An earlier demonstration of a circadian rhythm in rat atria by others is complemented herein by observations in culture: A single murine myocardial cell and two sets of grouped cells beating in culture for several days reveal several features of an anticipated, presumably built-in spectrum of multifrequency rhythms and trends, the chronome. Circadian and about 12-h (circasemidian) components are modulated by an approximately 84-h (circasemiseptan) component, which cannot be separated from trends in view of the brevity of the series. The circumstance under which the culture is aging and in which fibroblasts proliferate is a further complication that limits the findings to a single cycle reproduced in three separate cultures. Whether it is a rhythm that repeats itself of a response to placement into culture, an approximately 3.5-d component in the beating of myocardial cells in culture is to be aligned with a very prominent similar component found in the incidence of 85,819 human myocardial infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Han
- Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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