Arhinencephaly unilateralis, uveal coloboma, and lens reduplication

Atypical synophthalmos with arhinencephaly unilateralis

This article describes a rare case of a 4-month-old infant with atypical synophthalmos with ipsilateral arhinencephaly unilateralis, ethmoid sinus, and lacrimal apparatus and brain abnormalities--diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture and imaging findings.

Oval-shaped cornea, lens duplication, and optic nerve hypoplasia associated with myelomeningocele

Oval-shaped cornea associated with true lens duplication and separate capsules is a rare anomaly. It can occur as an isolated finding(1,2) or be associated with other ocular and facial maldevelopments.(3-5) We report a novel association of an hourglass cornea, lens duplication, and optic nerve hypoplasia with myelomeningocele in a male infant.

Oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome: report of another case and review of differential diagnosis

We report a male with features of frontonasal dysplasia, but also with ocular and auricular defects. This child most likely has oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome, an autosomal recessive syndrome first described in 1981. We also review the literature on this syndrome, and discuss differential diagnosis.

Cleft anterior segment with maternal hypervitaminosis A

We report a case of an 'hourglass' cornea and iris with reduplicated lens in the left eye of an infant girl. An excess of vitamin A products had been taken by the mother during pregnancy. Mechanisms by which vitamin A excess could have caused this are discussed.

Midline facial defects with ocular colobomata

We describe 5 children with midline facial anomalies and iris colobomata reminiscent of frontonasal "dysplasia." Two patients have, in addition, abnormalities of the eyelids and one of them probably has the rare autosomal recessive condition frontofacionasal "dysplasia." The patients may have a new syndrome of midline facial defects, iris colobomata, and mental retardation.

Proboscis lateralis: a case report

A lateral proboscis usually occurs in the region of the inner canthus. We present a case of holoprosencephaly accompanied by an oblique facial cleft and an anterior encephalocele in which a proboscis lateralis occurred in a very lateral location.

Frontonasal malformation as a field defect and in syndromic associations

Several new "syndromes" have been described that have in common facial findings identical or similar to those seen in frontonasal malformation (FNM), previously termed frontonasal dysplasia. Some of those new syndromes are inherited, whereas FNM is an isolated finding. Thus there is a need for differentiation among those conditions. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify and classify the various reports that describe FNM as it occurs alone and in association with a syndrome.

Retinal and optic nerve findings in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome

Involvement of the posterior segment of the eye in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome is more common than is generally appreciated. We examined seven patients with this syndrome. Abnormalities included diminished visual acuity, tilted optic disc, optic nerve hypoplasia, tortuous retinal vessels, macular hypoplasia and heterotopia, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. In one case, pathologic study showed agenesis of the optic nerve. It is proposed that retinal, optic nerve and craniofacial abnormalities in this condition may reflect an asynchrony in the migration of the neural crest cells in the early stages of embryonal development.

Congenital duplication of the lens

A case of reduplication of the lens with uveal coloboma is described. This is a rare condition and, unlike the two previously reported cases, the other ocular structures and adnexae appeared normal.