Postemetic hematomas: a variant of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome

An unusual presentation of Boerhaave Syndrome: a case report

We present a unique case of Boerhaave Syndrome that may highlight the spectrum of barotrauma from a Mallory-Weiss tear to full-thickness perforation. In this case, perforation only became evident following air insufflation at endoscopy.

Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus: a report of three cases and review of the literature

Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus is an uncommon condition which may follow rapid increases in intra-oesophageal pressure and is predisposed to by coagulation disorders. The characteristic clinical presentation and findings at radiology and endoscopy frequently result in misdiagnosis and confusion with more sinister pathology. Awareness of the condition and conservative treatment with correction of coagulation abnormalities, when present, are the mainstays of management. Spontaneous resolution invariably occurs, and the condition is rarely fatal unless surgical treatment is attempted.

Esophageal apoplexy: case report, review, and comparison with other esophageal disorders

Esophageal injuries are potentially serious disorders requiring prompt recognition and management. In addition to the well-recognized Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave's syndromes, there exists a condition of spontaneous intramural esophageal hemorrhage: esophageal apoplexy. A case of esophageal apoplexy is presented as well as an evaluation of clinical presentations based on a collected review of the 66 cases previously reported. In addition, esophageal apoplexy is contrasted with the Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave's syndromes, focusing on distinguishing attributes of utility to the emergency practitioner.

Spontaneous intramural rupture of the oesophagus

The clinical, endoscopic, and radiological features of seven patients with an uncommon oesophageal injury characterised by long lacerations of the oesophageal mucosa with haematoma formation but without perforation are reported. The injuries were not related to forceful vomiting or any other definable cause but were similar to those previously described as intramural oesophageal rupture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy undertaken to identify the cause of haematemesis in six patients proved safe and useful. When dysphagia and odynophagia occurred early in the clinical course to alert the clinician to possible oesophageal injury, radiological contrast studies were used to exclude perforation. One patient in this study had oesophageal cavernocapillary haemangiomatosis which may have caused intramural oesophageal bleeding and submucosal dissection but in the remainder the aetiology of intramural oesophageal rupture remains uncertain. Conservative management was successful in all patients.

Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma

Six cases of spontaneous submucosal dissection of the oesophagus are described. This rare entity should be considered in patients presenting with chest pain, usually of sudden onset, associated with dysphagia and haematemesis. Barium swallow or endoscopy are needed to confirm the diagnosis and the characteristic features are described.

Mallory-Weiss syndrome secondary to cis-platinum chemotherapy: an unusual complication

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a relatively infrequent cause of digestive tract bleeding and most cases have been described in alcoholics. Nonoperative management is frequently successful. We present here a case of sudden onset of wretching and vomiting after IV infusion of cis-platinum for recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix in which the patient had profuse hematemesis secondary to three posterior gastroesophageal tears requiring operative intervention after failure of nonsurgical management. This is an unusual complication of antineoplastic chemotherapy and its prevention is emphasize in this paper.

Obstructing esophageal hematoma mimicking cancer: a case report and experimental study

In this paper the 10th case of esophageal hematoma, a rare variant of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome, is reported. The radiographic study strongly suggested an obstructing neoplasm, however, this hematoma disappeared within five days and this same rapid disappearance was noted in dogs in which esophageal hematomas were induced. Fiberoptic esophagoscopy provides a clue to the diagnosis since the mural hematoma is differentiated from carcinoma by its dark color.

Esophageal hematoma. Four new cases, a review, and proposed etiology

We report four cases of esophageal hematoma and emphasize that endoscopically and radiographically it may simulate a neoplasm. After a review of 26 cases, we found that patients with normal hemostasis often had esophageal hematoma occur distally after vomiting. Most of these hematomas probably originated from a Mallory-Weiss laceration. In contrast, patients with impaired hemostasis had esophageal hematoma occur proximally or at multiple sites. Many of these hematomas occurred spontaneously, without a history of vomiting, and probably resulted from impaired coagulation. Regardless of etiology most esophageal hematomas were associated with a benign course.