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Stefan-van Staden RI, Bogea MI, Ilie-Mihai RM, Gheorghe DC, Aboul-Enein HY, Coros M, Pruneanu SM. N,S-Decorated graphenes modified with 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride-based 3D needle stochastic sensors for enantioanalysis of arginine: a key factor in the metabolomics and early detection of gastric cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6521-6530. [PMID: 35833946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arginine has an important role in the metabolomics of gastric cancer. Two 3D enantioselective needle stochastic sensors based on the physical immobilization of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride (solution, 10-3 mol L-1) in graphene paste matrices decorated with N and S atoms were designed, characterized and validated for the enantioanalysis of arginine in whole blood and tissue samples. The signature values obtained for the enantiomers of arginine confirmed that the stochastic sensors are enantioselective. The lowest limit of quantification obtained for both enantiomers of arginine was 1 fmol L-1, while sensitivity of up to 1011 s-1 mol-1 L was recorded for the stochastic sensors. High recoveries were obtained for the determination of one enantiomer in the presence of the other one; moreover, very good correlation was found between the results obtained with the two 3D enantioselective needle stochastic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060021, Bucharest-6, Romania. .,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Iuliana Bogea
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060021, Bucharest-6, Romania.,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Maria Ilie-Mihai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060021, Bucharest-6, Romania
| | - Damaris-Cristina Gheorghe
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060021, Bucharest-6, Romania
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, The Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, 12311, Egypt
| | - Maria Coros
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Stela Maria Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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2
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Biosensor based on coupled enzyme reactions for determination of arginase activity. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yano Y, Matsuo S, Ito N, Tamura T, Kusakabe H, Inagaki K, Imada K. A new l-arginine oxidase engineered from l-glutamate oxidase. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1044-1055. [PMID: 33764624 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The alternation of substrate specificity expands the application range of enzymes in industrial, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. l-Glutamate oxidase (LGOX) from Streptomyces sp. X-119-6 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to produce 2-ketoglutarate with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. LGOX shows strict substrate specificity for l-glutamate. Previous studies on LGOX revealed that Arg305 in its active site recognizes the side chain of l-glutamate, and replacement of Arg305 by other amino acids drastically changes the substrate specificity of LGOX. Here we demonstrate that the R305E mutant variant of LGOX exhibits strict specificity for l-arginine. The oxidative deamination activity of LGOX to l-arginine is higher than that of l-arginine oxidase form from Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the guanidino group of l-arginine is recognized not only by Glu305 but also Asp433, Trp564, and Glu617, which interact with Arg305 in wild-type LGOX. Multiple interactions by these residues provide strict specificity and high activity of LGOX R305E toward l-arginine. LGOX R305E is a thermostable and pH stable enzyme. The amount of hydrogen peroxide, which is a byproduct of oxidative deamination of l-arginine by LGOX R305E, is proportional to the concentration of l-arginine in a range from 0 to 100 μM. The linear relationship is maintained around 1 μM of l-arginine. Thus, LGOX R305E is suitable for the determination of l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Yano
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Matsuo
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nanako Ito
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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Mehrali M, Bagherifard S, Akbari M, Thakur A, Mirani B, Mehrali M, Hasany M, Orive G, Das P, Emneus J, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A. Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700931. [PMID: 30356969 PMCID: PMC6193179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimulators of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehrali
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano20156MilanItaly
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC)University of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC)University of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Mohammad Mehrali
- Process and Energy DepartmentDelft University of TechnologyLeeghwaterstraat 392628CBDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Masoud Hasany
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel GroupLaboratory of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo de la Universidad 701006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Vitoria‐Gasteiz28029Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua)Vitoria01007Spain
| | - Paramita Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| | - Jenny Emneus
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU Nanotech2800KgsDenmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
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Berninger T, Bliem C, Piccinini E, Azzaroni O, Knoll W. Cascading reaction of arginase and urease on a graphene-based FET for ultrasensitive, real-time detection of arginine. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 115:104-110. [PMID: 29803864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a biosensor based on a reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor (rGO-FET) functionalized with the cascading enzymes arginase and urease was developed for the detection of L-arginine. Arginase and urease were immobilized on the rGO-FET sensing surface via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly using polyethylenimine (PEI) as cationic building block. The signal transduction mechanism is based on the ability of the cascading enzymes to selectively perform chemical transformations and prompt local pH changes, that are sensitively detected by the rGO-FET. In the presence of L-arginine, the transistors modified with (PEI/urease(arginase)) multilayers showed a shift in the Dirac point due to the change in the local pH close to the graphene surface, produced by the catalyzed urea hydrolysis. The transistors were able to monitor L-arginine in the 10-1000 μM linear range with a LOD of 10 μM, displaying a fast response and a good long-term stability. The sensor showed stereospecificity and high selectivity in the presence of non-target amino acids. Taking into account the label-free, real-time measurement capabilities and the easily quantifiable, electronic output signal, this biosensor offers advantages over state-of-the-art L-arginine detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Berninger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Bliem
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- INIFTA Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- INIFTA Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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L-arginine biosensors: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:228-239. [PMID: 29159315 PMCID: PMC5683103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine has been considered as the most potent nutraceutics discovered ever, due to its powerful healing property, and it's been known to scientists as the Miracle Molecule. Arginine detection in fermented food products is necessary because, high level of arginine in foods forms ethyl carbamate (EC) during the fermentation process. Therefore, L-arginine detection in fermented food products is very important as a control measure for quality of fermented foods, food supplements and beverages including wine. In clinical analysis arginine detection is important due to their enormous inherent versatility in various metabolic pathways, topmost in the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor growth. A number of methods are being used for arginine detection, but biosensors technique holds prime position due to rapid response, high sensitivity and high specificity. However, there are many problems still to be addressed, including selectivity, real time analysis and interference of urea presence in the sample. In the present review we aim to emphasize the significant role of arginine in human physiology and foods. A small attempt has been made to discuss the various techniques used for development of arginine biosensor and how these techniques affect their performance. The choice of transducers for arginine biosensor ranges from optical, pH sensing, ammonia gas sensing, ammonium ion-selective, conductometric and amperometric electrodes because ammonia is formed as a final product. First ever review on arginine biosensors. Description of significance role of arginine in food and human physiology. Comparison of different immobilizations, transducers and biological components used for the development of arginine biosensors. Critically reviewed all the biosensors developed for arginine detection, discussed the possible challenges and recommendations.
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8
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Ghorai A, Mondal J, Patra GK. A new Schiff base and its metal complex as colorimetric and fluorescent–colorimetric sensors for rapid detection of arginine. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new Schiff base (L) and its Pb2+-complex have been utilized for rapid detection of arginine in aqueous medium.Lexhibits an excellent selective colorimetric response whereas its Pb2+-complex exploits fluorescent-colorimetric response towards arginine with very low detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
- Bilaspur (C.G)
- India
| | - Jahangir Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
- Bilaspur (C.G)
- India
| | - Goutam K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
- Bilaspur (C.G)
- India
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9
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Matsui D, Terai A, Asano Y. L-Arginine oxidase from Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192: Characterization, gene cloning, heterologous expression, and application to L-arginine determination. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:151-157. [PMID: 26672462 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine oxidase (AROD, EC 1.4.3.-) was discovered in newly discovered Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192 and its characteristics were described. The molecular mass (MS) of the enzyme was estimated to be 528 kDa, which was accounted for by eight identical subunits with MS of 66 kDa each. AROD was identified as a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme with 1 mol of FAD being contained in each subunit. It catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-arginine and converted L-arginine to 2-ketoarginine, which was non-enzymatically converted into 4-guanidinobutyric acid when the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed by L-arginine oxidation was not removed. In contrast, 2-ketoarginine was present when H2O2was decomposed. AROD was specific to L-arginine with a Km value of 149 μM. It exhibited maximal activity at 55 °C and pH 5.5. AROD was stable in the pH range 5.5-7.5 and >95% of its original activity was below 60 °C at pH 7.0. Since these enzymatic properties are considered suitable for the determination of L-arginine, the gene was cloned and expressed in a heterologous expression system. We herein successfully developed a new simple enzymatic method for the determination of L-arginine using Pseudomonas AROD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsui
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Anna Terai
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Verma N, Singh AK, Kaur P. Biosensor based on ion selective electrode for detection of L-arginine in fruit juices. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Urease-based ISFET biosensor for arginine determination. Talanta 2014; 121:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Stasyuk N, Smutok O, Gayda G, Vus B, Koval'chuk Y, Gonchar M. Bi-enzyme l-arginine-selective amperometric biosensor based on ammonium-sensing polyaniline-modified electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 37:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Saiapina O, Dzyadevych S, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Soldatkin O. Development and optimization of a novel conductometric bi-enzyme biosensor for l-arginine determination. Talanta 2012; 92:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Kauffmann JM, Guilbault GG. Enzyme electrode biosensors: theory and applications. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 36:63-113. [PMID: 1552869 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110577.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Belgium
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Saurina J, Hernández-Cassou S, Alegret S, Fàbregas E. Determination of lysine in pharmaceutical samples containing endogenous ammonium ions by using a lysine oxidase biosensor based on an all-solid-state potentiometric ammonium electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:67-75. [PMID: 10028651 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new potentiometric method is proposed to determine lysine in pharmaceutical samples. This method is based on a lysine biosensor consisting of a chemically immobilized lysine oxidase membrane attached to an all-solid-state ammonium electrode. Lysine is degraded in the sensor to release ammonium, which is detected by means of the ammonium electrode. The presence of endogenous ammonium in the samples interferes with these determinations, since the response measured corresponds to the sum of the ammonium generated enzymatically and that present in the sample. This is a general drawback for all biosensors based on the detection of ammonium. Study of samples containing both lysine and ammonium showed that concentration ranges exist in which a near-logarithmic relationship between potentials measured and lysine concentrations is found. Therefore, within these ranges, lysine can be determined by using the standard addition method, with the subsequent data treatment involving an iterative linearization procedure. Results obtained with the proposed potentiometric method are consistent with those given by the standard method for amino acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saurina
- Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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16
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17
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Enzyme immobilization on an epoxy matrix. Determination of l-arginine by flow-injection techniques. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00599-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Dala E, Szajáni B. Immobilization, characterization, and laboratory-scale application of bovine liver arginase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1994; 49:203-15. [PMID: 7847897 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Arginase isolated from beef liver was covalently attached to a polyacrylamide bead support bearing carboxylic groups activated by a water-soluble carbodiimide. The most favorable carbodiimide was N-cyclohexyl-N'-(methyl-2-p-nitrophenyl-2-oxoethyl) aminopropyl carbodiimide methyl bromide, but for practical purposes, N-cyclohexyl-N'-morpholinoethyl carbodiimide methyl tosylate was used. The optimal conditions for the coupling procedure were determined. The catalytic activity of the immobilized arginase was 290-340 U/g solid or 2.9-3.4 U/mL wet gel. The pH optimum for the catalytic activity was pH 9.5, the apparent temperature maximum was at 60 degrees C and Kmapp was calculated to be 0.37M L-arginine. Immobilization markedly improved the conformational stability of arginase. At 60 degrees C, the pH for maximal stability was found to be 8.0. The immobilized arginase was used for the production of L-ornithine and D-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dala
- Reanal Factory of Laboratory Chemicals, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Suzuki H, Tamiya E, Karube I. Integrated amino acid sensors for detection of L-glutamate, L-lysine, L-arginine, and L-histidine. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Monroe D. Potentiometric (bioselective electrodes) assay systems: utility and limitations. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1989; 27:109-58. [PMID: 2656092 DOI: 10.3109/10408368909106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous potentiometric assays utilizing bioselective electrodes are fast revolutionizing many areas of biotechnology. Adequately discussing the utility and limitations of these electrochemical systems is the purpose of this review. A general overview introduces bioselective potentiometry by presenting basic concepts, historical background, and current developments. Essentially, the review consists of several sections describing electrode architecture, operational concepts, different biosensors, assay systems, applications, and future trends. Advantages and disadvantages of the different bioselective assay systems discussed are included throughout each section. Electrode design discussion covers conventional liquid probes and the newer solid-state transitor biosensors. Limitations and advantages of different chemoreceptors, biocatalysts, and potentiometric transducers are presented. Operational characteristics include: linear behavior, sensitivity, stability, specificity, response, recovery, and the influence of interfering factors. Enzyme, organelle, tissue, and microbial biocatalytic sensors are discussed. Bioligand systems include: affinity, immunoselective enzyme, and liposome sensors. Potentiometric bioselective drug, microbial, and immunoassay systems are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monroe
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis
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22
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Motonaka J, Takabayashi H, Ikeda S, Tanaka N. The Preparation and Properties of an Enzyme Electrode for Creatine. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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24
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Mascini M, Fortunati S, Moscone D, Palleschi G. Ammonia abatement in an enzymatic flow system for the determination of creatinine in blood sera and urine. Anal Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Kinetic determination of l-alanine and l-alanine dehydrogenase with an ammonia gas-sensing electrode. Anal Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Drug-Type Substances Analysis with Membrane Electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-033201-7.50007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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