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Kiamiloglou D, Girousi S. Different Aspects of the Voltammetric Detection of Vitamins: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:651. [PMID: 37367016 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins comprise a group of organic chemical compounds that contribute significantly to the normal functioning of living organisms. Although they are biosynthesized in living organisms, some are also obtained from the diet to meet the needs of organisms, which is why they are characterized as essential chemical compounds. The lack, or low concentrations, of vitamins in the human body causes the development of metabolic dysfunctions, and for this reason their daily intake with food or as supplements, as well as the control of their levels, are necessary. The determination of vitamins is mainly accomplished by using analytical methods, such as chromatographic, spectroscopic, and spectrometric methods, while studies are carried out to develop new and faster methodologies and techniques for their analysis such as electroanalytical methods, the most common of which are voltammetry methods. In this work, a study is reported that was carried out on the determination of vitamins using both electroanalytical techniques, the common significant of which is the voltammetry technique that has been developed in recent years. Specifically, the present review presents a detailed bibliographic survey including, but not limited to, both electrode surfaces that have been modified with nanomaterials and serve as (bio)sensors as well as electrochemical detectors applied in the determination of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Kiamiloglou
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Girousi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özgul Haklı
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman UniversityFaculty of Science, Chemistry Department 48000- Kötekli Mugla TURKEY
| | - Ülkü Anik
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman UniversityFaculty of Science, Chemistry Department 48000- Kötekli Mugla TURKEY
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3
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Štěpánková M, Šelešovská R, Janíková L, Chýlková J, Švancara I. Sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of folic acid based on a bismuth-film electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Akbar S, Anwar A, Kanwal Q. Electrochemical determination of folic acid: A short review. Anal Biochem 2016; 510:98-105. [PMID: 27449133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is an electroactive compound of biological origin. It helps our body to produce and maintain healthy cells. It can significantly reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects and also prevents change in DNA structure. FA deficiency can lead to various health risks. Therefore, a sensitive, specific, and reproducible way of FA detection is essential. A number of analytical methods are in practice for the quantification of FA. However, electroanalytical methods are attracting much attention because of their advantage over conventional methods, as they are fast, simple, sensitive, and cost effective. Moreover, modification of electrodes offers control over size and morphology which allows miniaturization for applicability in portable electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akbar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, KSK Campus, Pakistan.
| | - A Anwar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, KSK Campus, Pakistan
| | - Q Kanwal
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, KSK Campus, Pakistan
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5
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Cinková K, Švorc Ľ, Šatkovská P, Vojs M, Michniak P, Marton M. Simple and Rapid Quantification of Folic Acid in Pharmaceutical Tablets using a Cathodically Pretreated Highly Boron-doped Polycrystalline Diamond Electrode. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.999272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Riman D, Avgeropoulos A, Hrbac J, Prodromidis MI. Sparked-bismuth oxide screen-printed electrodes for the determination of riboflavin in the sub-nanomolar range in non-deoxygenated solutions. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Rutyna I. Determination of Folic Acid at a Bismuth Film Electrode by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.994122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Garcia de Paula C, Alves de Toledo R, Vaz CMP, Marques Cordeiro PJ, Batistuti JP, Aparecida Pastre I, Shim H, Fertonani FL. A Solid Film Electrode of Intermetallic Ag
2
Hg
3.02
for the Direct Determination of Folic Acid in Fresh and Processed Fruit Juices. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Garcia de Paula
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, P. O. Box 355, 14800‐900, Araraquara‐SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves de Toledo
- Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, P. O. Box 741, 13560‐970, São Carlos‐SP, Brazil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, P. R. China
| | | | - Paulo Jorge Marques Cordeiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São‐Carlense, 400, P. O. Box 780, 13560‐970, São Carlos‐SP, Brazil
| | - José Paschoal Batistuti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Eatadual Paulista, P. O. Box 355, 14800‐900, Araraquara‐SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda Aparecida Pastre
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Eatadual Paulista, Rua C. Colombo, 2265, 15054‐000, São José do Rio Preto‐SP, Brazil
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Fernando Luís Fertonani
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, P. O. Box 355, 14800‐900, Araraquara‐SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Eatadual Paulista, Rua C. Colombo, 2265, 15054‐000, São José do Rio Preto‐SP, Brazil
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Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Pouladsaz P. Voltammetric determination of riboflavin based on electrocatalytic oxidation at zeolite-modified carbon paste electrodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Antal IP, Bazel YR, Kormosh ZA. Electrochemical methods for determining group B vitamins. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Voltammetric monitoring of electrochemical reduction of riboflavin using silver solid amalgam electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Electrochemical behavior of folic acid on mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Development of a sensitive and selective Riboflavin sensor based on carbon ionic liquid electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vaze VD, Srivastava AK. Electrochemical behavior of folic acid at calixarene based chemically modified electrodes and its determination by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kotkar RM, Srivastava AK. Electrochemical behavior of nicotinamide using carbon paste electrode modified with macrocyclic compounds. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Korolczuk M, Tyszczuk K. Determination of Folic Acid by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at a Lead Film Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gu HY, Yu AM, Chen HY. ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR AND SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN B2, B6, AND C AT ELECTROCHEMICALLY PRETREATED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Cruces Blanco C, Segura Carretero A, Fernández Gutiérrez A, Román Ceba M. Fluorometric Determination of Folic Acid Based on Its Reaction With The Fluorogenic Reagent Fluorescamine. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Muñoz de la Peña A, Durán Merás I, Jiménez Girón A. Four-way calibration applied to the simultaneous determination of folic acid and methotrexate in urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1289-97. [PMID: 16685520 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First-, second- and third-order calibration methods were investigated for the simultaneous determination of folic acid and methotrexate. The interest in the determination of these compounds is related to the fact that methotrexate inhibits the body's absorption of folic acid and prolonged treatment with methotrexate may lead to folic acid deficiency, and to the use of folic acid to cope with toxic side effects of methotrexate. Both analytes were converted into highly fluorescent compounds by oxidation with potassium permanganate, and the kinetics of the reaction was continuously monitored by recording the kinetics curves of fluorescence emission, the evolution with time of the emission spectra and the excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) of the samples at different reaction times. Direct determination of mixtures of both drugs in urine was accomplished on the basis of the evolution of the kinetics of EEMs by fluorescence measurements and four-way parallel-factor analysis (PARAFAC) or multiway partial least squares (N-PLS) chemometric calibration. The core consistency diagnostic (CORCONDIA) was employed to determine the correct number of factors in PARAFAC and the procedure converged to a choice of three factors, attributed to folic acid, methotrexate and to the sum of fluorescent species present in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muñoz de la Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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Rodríguez Flores J, Peñalvo GC, Mansilla AE, Gómez MJR. Capillary electrophoretic determination of methotrexate, leucovorin and folic acid in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 819:141-7. [PMID: 15797531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to measure methotrexate, folinic acid and folic acid in human urine has been developed and validated. Optimum separation of methotrexate, folinic acid and folic acid was obtained on a 60 cm x 75 microm capillary using a 15 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 12.0), temperature and voltage 20 degrees C and 25 kV, respectively and hydrodynamic injection. Under these conditions the analysis takes approximately 9.0 min. Good results were obtained for different aspects including stability of the solutions, linearity, accuracy and precision. Before CZE determination, the urine samples were purified and enriched by means of a solid phase extraction step with a preconditioned C(18) cartridge and eluting the compound with a mixture 1:1 of methanol:water. A linear response over the urine concentration range 1.0-6.0 mgL(-1) for MTX and 0.5-6.0 mgL(-1) for folinic acid and folic acid was observed. Detection limits for the three compound in urine were 0.35 mgL(-1). CZE was shown to be a good method with regard to simplicity, satisfactory precision, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez Flores
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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22
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Song Z, Zhou X. Chemiluminescence flow sensor for folic acid with immobilized reagents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:2567-2574. [PMID: 11765783 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) sensor for folic acid combined flow-injection (FI) technology was presented in this paper. The analytical reagents involved in the CL reaction, including luminol and hexacyanoferrate(III), were both immobilized on an anion-exchange column in FI system. The CL signal produced by the reaction between luminol and hexacyanoferrate(III), which were eluted from the column through sodium phosphate injection, was decreased in the presence of folic acid. The CL emission was correlated with the folic acid concentration in the range from 0.01 to 15 microg ml(-1), and the detection limit was 3.5 ng ml(-1) folic acid (3sigma). At a flow rate of 2.0 ml min(-1), including sampling and washing, could be performed in 2 min with a relative standard deviation of < 2.5%. The flow sensor could be reused more than 300 times and has been applied to the analysis of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. and the recovery was from 97.4% to 100.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xian, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Methods of control and standardization of drugs containing water-soluble vitamins (a review). Pharm Chem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02510075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Agra-Gutiérrez C, Compton RG. Sono-Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry: Its Application to the Analysis of Metals and Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199807)10:9<603::aid-elan603>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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�akir S, Atayman ?, �akir O. Simultaneous square-wave voltammetric determination of riboflavin and folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. Mikrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01242327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Cruces Blanco C, Segura Carretero A, Fernández Gutierrez A, Román Ceba M. Micellar-enhanced synchronous-derivative fluorescence determination of derivatized folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:1019-25. [PMID: 8580146 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and inexpensive micellar-enhanced synchronous-derivative spectrofluorimetric method is described for the determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based upon derivatization of the vitamin with fluorescamine in acid solution and enhancement of the fluorescence with a surfactant. Linear fluorimetric analytical curves were obtained for folic acid concentrations of 0.05-6 micrograms ml-1 (detection limit 0.012 micrograms ml-1); the RSD for 1 micrograms ml-1 of folic acid was 2.82%. The method has been applied to the determination of folic acid synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cruces Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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27
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Economou A, Fielden PR. A study of riboflavin determination by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on mercury film electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140070508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of lumichrome in sea water at the static mercury drop electrode. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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