1
|
Abstract
Background:
Herbal drugs play a significant role to maintain the human healthiness
and to treat the ailments since the dawn of civilization. Moreover, these plants have
provided many lead compounds that culminated in modern medicine. A single herb is regarded
as mini-combinatorial library of phytoconstituents hence the quality control of herbal
drugs in an herbal formulation is not an easy task because a number of factors impact their
pharmacological efficiency and consistent therapeutic effects. Hence, to provide consistent
beneficial therapeutic effects, standardized herbal products of consistent quality and purity
are required.
Methods:
This review is based on publications obtained by a selective search in PubMed
using the keywords “Standardized herbal products”, “fingerprinting”, “authentication”,
“chemometric, hyphenated techniques”, “quality control of herbal drugs”, “identification”.
Results:
In the era of modernization, chromatographic techniques coupled with sophisticated
spectroscopic analytical methods are used in estimating the authenticity, identity and characteristic
of herbal products. Further, with the advancement of computer technology, chemometrics
methods have become a leading tool with an unsupervised pattern recognition technique
for handling multivariate data without prior knowledge about the studied samples and
mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data.
Conclusion:
Standardization of HDs chromatographic fingerprint is not always a perfect
way to present all compounds. To assess the quality of medicinal plants, new ways are regularly
being explored such as combination chemical fingerprint with biological methods, biofingerprint
and metabolic fingerprint quality metrology, pharmacodynamics and export system
of medicinal plants have been researched in some groups but still a significant amount
of work is required to achieve a perfect system for quality evaluation of herbal drugs. Further,
novel chemometric techniques have been unfolded that mines more beneficial and valuable
information about the chemical entities from the raw data. So this review emphasis
mainly on hyphenated techniques associated with chemometric method used in herbal drugs
for identifying more valuable information and various methods for providing data, among
which most commonly used techniques are chemometric resolution method and Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjoo Kamboj
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Mohali, Punjab-140307, India
| | - Ishtdeep Kaur
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Mohali, Punjab-140307, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Mohali, Punjab-140307, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rostami A, Abdollahi H, Maeder M. Enhanced target factor analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 911:35-41. [PMID: 26893084 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Target testing or target factor analysis, TFA, is a well-established soft analysis method. TFA answers the question whether an independent target test vector measured at the same wavelengths as the collection of spectra in a data matrix can be excluded as the spectrum of one of the components in the system under investigation. Essentially, TFA cannot positively prove that a particular test spectrum is the true spectrum of one of the components, it can, only reject a spectrum. However, TFA will not reject, or in other words TFA will accept, many spectra which cannot be component spectra. Enhanced Target Factor Analysis, ETFA addresses the above problem. Compared with traditional TFA, ETFA results in a significantly narrower range of positive results, i.e. the chance of a false positive test result is dramatically reduced. ETFA is based on feasibility testing as described in Refs. [16-19]. The method has been tested and validated with computer generated and real data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Rostami
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Marcel Maeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar N, Bansal A, Sarma G, Rawal RK. Chemometrics tools used in analytical chemistry: An overview. Talanta 2014; 123:186-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
Bansal A, Chhabra V, Rawal RK, Sharma S. Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:223-233. [PMID: 29403886 PMCID: PMC5761221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatography and spectroscopy techniques are the most commonly used methods in standardization of herbal medicines but the herbal system is not easy to analyze because of their complexity of chemical composition. Many cutting-edge analytical technologies have been introduced to evaluate the quality of medicinal plants and significant amount of measurement data has been produced. Chemometric techniques provide a good opportunity for mining more useful chemical information from the original data. Then, the application of chemometrics in the field of medicinal plants is spontaneous and necessary. Comprehensive methods and hyphenated techniques associated with chemometrics used for extracting useful information and supplying various methods of data processing are now more and more widely used in medicinal plants, among which chemometrics resolution methods and principal component analysis (PCA) are most commonly used techniques. This review focuses on the recent various important analytical techniques, important chemometrics tools and interpretation of results by PCA, and applications of chemometrics in quality evaluation of medicinal plants in the authenticity, efficacy and consistency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Bansal
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Vikas Chhabra
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Simant Sharma
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Application of Heart-Cutting 2D-LC for the Determination of Peak Purity for a Chiral Pharmaceutical Compound by HPLC. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Konoz E, Abbasi A, Moazeni RS, Parastar H, Jalali-Heravi M. Chemometrics-assisted gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile components of olive leaf oil. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
7
|
Hantao LW, Aleme HG, Pedroso MP, Sabin GP, Poppi RJ, Augusto F. Multivariate curve resolution combined with gas chromatography to enhance analytical separation in complex samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 731:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang L, Zhang W, Cao D, Zeng M, Liang Y, Kvalheim OM. Resolving co-eluting chromatographic patterns by means of dissimilarity analysis in iterative target transformation factor analysis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7219-25. [PMID: 21880321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The initialization of concentration vector for iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA) and identification of pure or key variables are the important issue in MCR. In this study, dissimilarity analysis and evolving factor analysis (EFA) are combined to find the selective or key variables and subsequently obtain initial estimates of the concentration vectors for resolution of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data by ITTFA. For systems containing components with highly similar mass spectra, a new constraint setting the elements out of elution window to 0 is used to improve convergence rate and accuracy of results. Tested by standard mixture of two wax esters and real GC/MS data of gasoline 97#, dissimilarity based ITTFA could obtain accurate results (average Dot product of concentration vectors, average deviation of peak area ratio and average similarity of mass spectra are 0.9929, 0.0228 and 981.0, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jalali-Heravi M, Moazeni RS, Sereshti H. Analysis of Iranian rosemary essential oil: application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2569-76. [PMID: 21429498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on characterization of the components of Iranian rosemary essential oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) approach was used to overcome the problem of background, baseline offset and overlapping/embedded peaks in GC-MS. The analysis of GC-MS data revealed that sixty eight components exist in the rosemary essential oil. However, with the help of MCR this number was extended to ninety nine components with concentrations higher than 0.01%, which accounts for 98.23% of the total relative content of the rosemary essential oil. The most important constituents of the Iranian rosemary are 1,8-cineole (23.47%), α-pinene (21.74%), berbonone (7.57%), camphor (7.21%) and eucalyptol (4.49%).
Collapse
|
10
|
Amigo JM, Skov T, Bro R. ChroMATHography: Solving Chromatographic Issues with Mathematical Models and Intuitive Graphics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4582-605. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900394n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Amigo
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Skov
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez IS, Culzoni MJ, Siano GG, García MDG, Goicoechea HC, Galera MM. Detection of Unintended Stress Effects Based on a Metabonomic Study in Tomato Fruits after Treatment with Carbofuran Pesticide. Capabilities of MCR-ALS Applied to LC-MS Three-Way Data Arrays. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8335-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Sánchez Pérez
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| | - María J. Culzoni
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| | - Gabriel G. Siano
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| | - María D. Gil García
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| | - Héctor C. Goicoechea
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| | - María Martínez Galera
- Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe (S3000ZAA), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdollahi H, Sajjadi SM. Soft-modeling based spectrofluorimetric study of simultaneous equilibria. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 24:332-9. [PMID: 19367666 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A two-way soft resolution method will fail when applied to a simultaneous equilibria system due to rank deficiency in its concentration profiles. Increasing the dimensionality of measurements from two-way to three-way data can be used to overcome this problem. Simultaneous dissociation of two weak acids is considered as a model for simultaneous equilibria. Three-way data obtained from excitation-emission spectrofluorimetric monitoring of a pH-metric titration is analyzed using a proper combination of well-known soft-modeling methods. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares is used for calculating the excitation and emission spectral profiles of involved species and rank annihilation factor analysis for obtaining the contribution of each species in measured excitation-emission matrices at different pHs. The results of simulated and real simultaneous acids dissociation equilibria showed that the proposed combined method performs well even in situation when the equilibrium constants are close to each other. The applicability of method for study of an acidic dissociation is also shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abdollahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, PO Box 45 195-159, Zanjan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Jalali-Heravi M, Zekavat B, Sereshti H. Characterization of essential oil components of Iranian geranium oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometric resolution techniques. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:154-63. [PMID: 16545828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil components of geranium oil cultivated in center of Iran were identified and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data combined with the chemometric resolution techniques. A total of 61 components accounting for 91.51% were identified using similarity searches between the mass spectra and MS database. This number was extended to 85 components using chemometric techniques. Various chemometric methods such as morphological scores, simplified Borgen method (SBM) and fixed size moving window evolving factor analysis (FSMWEFA) were used for determining the number of components, pure variables, zero concentration and selective regions. Then the overlapping peak clusters were resolved into pure chromatograms and pure mass spectra using heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) method. A characteristic feature of the Iranian geranium oil is the absence of 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol in its constituents compared with the oil from northern and southern parts of India. The results of this work show that combination of hyphenated chromatographic methods and resolution techniques provide a complementary method for accurate analysis of essential oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jalali-Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wasim M, Brereton RG. Application of multivariate curve resolution methods to on-flow LC-NMR. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1096:2-15. [PMID: 16301065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of evolving window factor analysis (EFA), subwindow factor analysis (SFA), iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA), alternating least squares (ALS), Gentle, automatic window factor analysis (AUTOWFA) and constrained key variable regression (CKVR) to resolve on-flow LC-NMR data of eight compounds into individual concentration and spectral profiles is described. CKVR has been reviewed critically and modifications are suggested to obtain improved results. A comparison is made between three single variable selection methods namely, orthogonal projection approach (OPA), simple-to-use interactive self-modelling mixture analysis approach (SIMPLISMA) and simplified Borgen method (SBM). It is demonstrated that LC-NMR data can be resolved if NMR peak cluster information is utilised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wasim
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gan F, Xu QS, Liang YZ. Two novel procedures for automatic resolution of two-way data from coupled chromatography. Analyst 2001; 126:161-8. [PMID: 11235097 DOI: 10.1039/b005361i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to deal with the problem of simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the complicated samples in analytical chemistry, two novel procedures for automatic resolution of two-way data from coupled chromatography were developed in this work. The first can be used to determine automatically the number of components involved in a certain peak cluster. The second method is an iterative resolution procedure named the stepwise key spectrum selection which has also been developed to resolve automatically the spectra and chromatographic profiles of every component in the peak cluster investigated. The results obtained from simulated and real data show that the proposed methods perform fairly well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gan
- Institute of Chemometrics and Chemical Sensing Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sekulic SS, Wakeman J, Doherty P, Hailey PA. Automated system for the on-line monitoring of powder blending processes using near-infrared spectroscopy. Part II. Qualitative approaches to blend evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 17:1285-309. [PMID: 9800649 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is seen as a very powerful tool in a variety of applications involving powder characterisation. Here we deal with a typical pharmaceutical application of powder blend monitoring. A D-optimal experimental design is used to cover the 85-115% range of the target formulation which is comprised of the active component at 3.5% w/w, Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel PH102) at 62%, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Anhydrous at 31.5%, Sodium Starch Glycolate (Explotab) at 2%, and 1% Magnesium Stearate. A miniature Flobin blender has been modified to enable the use of a fibre optic probe for on-line NIR spectral data collection. The experiments were successful in detecting spectral changes which eventually converged to constant variance. While the NIR spectrum of a powdered sample is rich in information which is representative of both the physical and chemical characteristics of the sample, it is at times difficult to select the appropriate mathematical treatments in order to extract the desired information. This article investigates several possible pre-treatments (including detrending (DT), standard normal variates (SNV), second derivatives, and the combination of SNV and DT) together with several ways in establishing blend homogeneity, which includes the running block standard deviation, dissimilarity calculations and principal components analysis (PCA). The focus of this work is to investigate qualitative tools of analysis for blend homogeneity determinations, while future work will focus on quantitative data interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Sekulic
- Pfizer Central Research, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gilliard J, Ritter C. Use of simulated liquid chromatography-diode array detection data for the definition of a guide curve in peak purity assessment by spectral comparison. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Cuesta Sánchez F, Vandeginste BGM, Hancewicz TM, Massart DL. Resolution of Complex Liquid Chromatography−Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Data. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9610366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cuesta Sánchez
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium, Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, and Unilever Research US, 45 River Road, Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
| | - B. G. M. Vandeginste
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium, Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, and Unilever Research US, 45 River Road, Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
| | - T. M. Hancewicz
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium, Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, and Unilever Research US, 45 River Road, Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
| | - D. L. Massart
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium, Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, and Unilever Research US, 45 River Road, Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen J, Rutan SC. Identification and quantification of overlapped peaks in liquid chromatography with UV diode array detection using an adaptive Kalman filter. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Bakken GA, Messick NJ, Kalivas JH. Determination of componentwise chromatographic elution regions using singular value evolving profiles. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-2522
| | - Stephen T. Sum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-2522
| | - Frederic Despagne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-2522
| | - Barry K. Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Sánchez FC, Toft J, van den Bogaert B, Massart DL. Orthogonal Projection Approach Applied to Peak Purity Assessment. Anal Chem 1996; 68:79-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ac950496g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cuesta Sánchez
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Toft
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. van den Bogaert
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D. L. Massart
- ChemoAC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sánchez F, Toft J, Kvalheim O, Massart D. Eigenstructure tracking analysis for assessment of peak purity in high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00280-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Application of SIMPLISMA for the assessment of peak purity in liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|