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Jiao Z, Kuang L, Komori M, Hirono M, Komuro R, Wang Y, Hasebe Y. Glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase and phenothiazine dyes-co-adsorbed carbon felt-based amperometric flow-biosensor for glucose. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5883-5895. [PMID: 39157883 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
To develop an amperometric flow-biosensor for glucose, the stabilizing effect of methylene blue (MB) toward adsorbed glucose oxidase (GOx) on carbon felt (CF) was successfully applied to prepare the GOx-modified CF-based enzyme reactor combined with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-modified CF-based H2O2 detector. Upon mixing MB in the GOx-adsorption solution, the O2-dependent GOx-activity was significantly increased with increasing concentration of MB in the GOx-adsorption solution. The GOx-immobilization protocol on CF is very straightforward [i.e., adsorption of the GOx/MB mixed aqueous solution for 5 min under ultrasound (US)-irradiation]. Under the optimized operational conditions (i.e., applied potential, 0 vs. Ag/AgCl; carrier pH, 5.0; carrier flow rate, 4.0 mL min-1), the resulting GOx/MB-CF-reactor and HRP/TN-CF-detector combined amperometric flow-biosensor exhibited sensitive, selective, reproducible and stable cathodic peak current responses to glucose with the following analytical performances: sensitivity, 6.22 μA mM-1; linear range, 0.01 to 1 mM; limit of detection, 9.6 μM (S/N = 3, noise level, 20 nA); sample throughput, 46-96 samples per h for 10-0.1 mM glucose. The developed amperometric flow-biosensor allowed the determination of glucose in beverages and liquors, and the analytical results by the sensor were in fairly good agreement with those by conventional spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeting Jiao
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
| | - Lichuan Kuang
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
| | - Masahito Komori
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
| | - Masaki Hirono
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Ryota Komuro
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan, LiaoNing 114501, China
| | - Yasushi Hasebe
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
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Roy A, Roy S, Pradhan A, Maiti Choudhury S, Ranjan Nayak R. Gel-Emulsion Properties of Nontoxic Nicotinic Acid-Derived Glucose Sensor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Roy
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim, Medinipur-721 102, India
| | - Sumita Roy
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim, Medinipur-721 102, India
| | - Ananya Pradhan
- Department
of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Sujata Maiti Choudhury
- Department
of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - Rati Ranjan Nayak
- Lipid
Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 007, India
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3
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Balamurugan J, Thanh TD, Karthikeyan G, Kim NH, Lee JH. A novel hierarchical 3D N-Co-CNT@NG nanocomposite electrode for non-enzymatic glucose and hydrogen peroxide sensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:970-977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Hui N, Wang W, Xu G, Luo X. Graphene oxide doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) modified with copper nanoparticles for high performance nonenzymatic sensing of glucose. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:556-561. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and stable nonenzymatic glucose sensor was developed through the electrochemical deposition of Cu nanoparticles onto an electrodeposited nanocomposite of conducting polymer PEDOT doped with graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Hui
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Wenting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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5
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Nanoparticles of Ni(OH)2 embedded in chitosan membrane as electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic oxidation of glucose. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Alonso-Lomillo MA, Domínguez-Renedo O, Román LDTD, Arcos-Martínez MJ. Horseradish peroxidase-screen printed biosensors for determination of Ochratoxin A. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Tuncagil S, Ozdemir C, Demirkol DO, Timur S, Toppare L. Gold nanoparticle modified conducting polymer of 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole-1-l) benzenamine for potential use as a biosensing material. Food Chem 2011; 127:1317-22. [PMID: 25214132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified conducting polymer of 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenamine (SNS-NH2) was used as the biosensing platform for glucose analysis. Electrochemical measurements were carried out by following the consumed oxygen due to the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) at -0.7V vs Ag/AgCl. Optimisation of pH, enzyme loading, stability experiments were carried out. Effect of NP was investigated by monitoring the signal responses at different AuNP sizes and amounts. A linear relation of y=1.597x+0.264 (R(2)=0.993) was found for glucose concentrations between 0.002 and 5.0mM. The analytical characteristics of the system were also evaluated for glucose determination in flow injection analysis (FIA) mode. Finally, the system was checked for glucose detection on real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Tuncagil
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Caglar Ozdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye
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8
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Yuksel M, Akin M, Geyik C, Demirkol DO, Ozdemir C, Bluma A, Höpfner T, Beutel S, Timur S, Scheper T. Offline glucose biomonitoring in yeast culture by polyamidoamine/ cysteamine-modified gold electrodes. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:530-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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A Mediated Glucose Biosensor Incorporated with Reverse Iontophoresis Function for Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:1548-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-9918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on heterogeneous carbon materials. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Rapid bioanalysis with chemical sensors: novel strategies for devices and artificial recognition membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1629-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Wei W, Zeng J, Liu X, Zeng X. Fabrication of a copper nanoparticle/chitosan/carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Noh MFM, Tothill IE. Development and characterisation of disposable gold electrodes, and their use for lead(II) analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:2095-106. [PMID: 17086386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to assess the harmful effects of heavy-metal-ion pollution on the environment. The ability to detect and measure toxic contaminants on site using simple, cost effective, and field-portable sensors is an important aspect of environmental protection and facilitating rapid decision making. A screen-printed gold sensor in a three-electrode configuration has been developed for analysis of lead(II) by square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). The working electrode was fabricated with gold ink deposited by use of thick-film technology. Conditions affecting the lead stripping response were characterised and optimized. Experimental data indicated that chloride ions are important in lead deposition and subsequent analysis with this type of sensor. A linear concentration range of 10-50 microg L(-1) and 25-300 microg L(-1) with detection limits of 2 microg L(-1) and 5.8 microg L(-1) were obtained for lead(II) for measurement times of four and two minutes, respectively. The electrodes can be reused up to 20 times after cleaning with 0.5 mol L(-1) sulfuric acid. Interference of other metals with the response to lead were also examined to optimize the sensor response for analysis of environmental samples. The analytical utility of the sensor was demonstrated by applying the system to a variety of wastewater and soil sample extracts from polluted sites. The results are sufficient evidence of the feasibility of using these screen-printed gold electrodes for the determination of lead(II) in wastewater and soil extracts. For comparison purposes a mercury-film electrode and ICP-MS were used for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd F Md Noh
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Silsoe, MK45 4DT, UK
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14
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Cui Y, Barford JP, Renneberg R. Development of an oxygen-rich biosensor using enzymatic reaction. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1835-40. [PMID: 17028918 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a novel strategy for the development of an O2-rich biosensor. The principle is based on an enzymatic reaction between catalase and H2O2 to release O2, thus to increase the O2 amount in the enzyme matrix. This method improves the determination reliability by alleviating the O2 dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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15
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Ricci F, Palleschi G. Sensor and biosensor preparation, optimisation and applications of Prussian Blue modified electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:389-407. [PMID: 16076428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Being one of the most commonly used electrochemical mediators for analytical applications, Prussian Blue has found a wide use in the biosensor field during the last years. Its particular characteristic of catalysing hydrogen peroxide reduction has been applied in the construction of a large number of oxidase enzyme-based biosensors for clinical, environmental and food analysis. By modifying an electrode surface with Prussian Blue, it is in fact possible to easily detect hydrogen peroxide at an applied potential around 0.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, thus making possible coupling with oxidase enzymes while also avoiding or reducing electrochemical interferences. Papers dealing with glucose, lactate, cholesterol and galactose biosensors that are based on the use of Prussian Blue have recently appeared in the most important analytical chemistry journals. Another recent trend is the use of a choline probe based on choline oxidase for pesticide determination to exploit the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by these compounds. In addition, the use of Prussian Blue in the development of biosensors for food analysis has captured the interest of many research groups and led to improved methods for the detection of glutamate, galactose, alcohol, fructosyl amine, formate, lysine and oxalate. This review will focus on the biosensing aspects of Prussian Blue-based sensors giving a general overview of the advantages provided by such mediator as well as its drawbacks. A comprehensive bibliographic reference list is presented together with the most up to date research findings in this field and possible future applications. The commercial potential of sensors based on this mediator will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Ricci F, Amine A, Palleschi G, Moscone D. Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:165-74. [PMID: 12485762 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The promising advantages of Prussian Blue (PB) as catalyst and of the thick film screen printing technology have been combined to assemble sensors with improved characteristics for the amperometric determination of H(2)O(2). PB-modified screen printed electrodes were applied to detect H(2)O(2) at an applied potential of -0.05 V versus the internal screen printed Ag pseudoreference electrode, showing a detection limit of 10(-7) mol l(-1), a linearity range from 10(-7) to 5x10(-5) mol l(-1), a sensitivity of 234 microA mmol l(-1) cm(-2), and a high selectivity. Improved stability at alkaline pH values was also observed, which made possible their use with enzymes having an optimum basic pH. Then, the immobilisation of a single enzyme (glucose oxidase (GOD) or choline oxidase (ChOX)) or of two enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) coimmobilised with ChOX, has been performed on the surface of PB modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) using glutaraldehyde and Nafion. ChOX has been selected as an example of enzyme working at alkaline pH. The choline biosensors showed a detection limit of 5x10(-7) mol l(-1), a wide linearity range (5x10(-7)-10(-4) mol l(-1)), a high selectivity and a remarkable long term stability of 9 months at 4 degrees C, and at least 4 weeks at room temperature. Similar analytical characteristics and stability were observed with the acetylcholine biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
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17
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Zhou J, Campbell C, Heller A, Bard AJ. Scanning electrochemical microscopy. 44. Imaging of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on insulating substrates. Anal Chem 2002; 74:4007-10. [PMID: 12199567 DOI: 10.1021/ac015721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to study horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized with copolymer on insulating substrates (glass slide or polycarbonate membrane filter). Two methods were used to immobilize HRP: In the first, HRP was coimmobilized by cross-linking on a glass slide with a copolymer swelled in water to form a hydrogel; in the second, the same copolymer and avidin were coimmobilized on the glass slide and biotin-labeled HRP was conjugated to the avidin of the film. SECM was then used to detect the presence of the bound enzyme by observing the feedback current in a solution of benzoquinone and hydrogen peroxide, when hydroquinone was generated at the tip. A detection limit less than 7 x 10(5) HRP molecules within a approximately 7-microm-diameter area was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA
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18
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Iyengar S, Hall EA. Data from overlapping signals at an amperometric electrode using admittance vectors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Jawaheer S, White SF, Rughooputh SDDV, Cullen DC. ENZYME STABILIZATION USING PECTIN AS A NOVEL ENTRAPMENT MATRIX IN BIOSENSORS. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Schachl K, Turkušić E, Komersová A, Bartoš M, Moderegger H, Švancara I, Alemu H, Vytřas K, Jimenez-Castro M, Kalcher K. Amperometric Determination of Glucose with a Carbon Paste Biosensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A simple glucose biosensor has been developed by bulk modification of a carbon paste electrode with glucose oxidase as a biocomponent and manganese dioxide as a mediator. The sensor was employed as amperometric detector in a flow-injection system at 21 °C in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). At an applied working potential of 0.48 V vs Ag/AgCl and a flow rate of 0.2 ml min-1, the sensor exhibited well reproducible amperometric response to glucose. A linear relation between the peak current and the analyte concentration was found between 20 and 500 mg l-1 glucose with a detection limit (3σ) of 10.5 mg l-1 glucose. The sensor can be operated continuously for 12 h without any loss in the signal height and can be used for the determination of glucose in white wine samples.
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21
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Detection of gentamicin in milk by immunoassay and flow injection analysis with electrochemical measurement. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Erlenkötter A, Kottbus M, Chemnitius GC. Flexible amperometric transducers for biosensors based on a screen printed three electrode system. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Setford S, Van Es R, Blankwater Y, Kröger S. Receptor binding protein amperometric affinity sensor for rapid β-lactam quantification in milk. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Hart A, Matthews C, Collier W. Estimation of lactate in meat extracts by screen-printed sensors. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Kröger S, Setford SJ, Turner AP. Assessment of glucose oxidase behaviour in alcoholic solutions using disposable electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Tothill IE, Newman JD, White SF, Turner AP. Monitoring of the glucose concentration during microbial fermentation using a novel mass-producible biosensor suitable for on-line use. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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