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Determination of butyltins, phenyltins and octyltins in foods with preservation of their moieties: A critical review on analytical methods. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1505:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Focused-microwave-assisted acid digestion: Evaluation of losses of volatile elements in marine invertebrate samples. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Heroult J, Zuliani T, Bueno M, Denaix L, Lespes G. Analytical advances in butyl-, phenyl- and octyltin speciation analysis in soil by GC-PFPD. Talanta 2008; 75:486-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Tang CH, Wang WH. Optimization of an analytical method for determining organotin compounds in fish tissue by base-hydrolysis pretreatment and simultaneous ethylation–extraction procedures. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 581:370-6. [PMID: 17386465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine butyl- and phenyl-tins in fish muscle, a method including base digestion pretreatment, followed by a simultaneous ethylation-extraction procedure and gas chromatograph-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) analysis is outlined. Key parameters that influence analyte recovery were investigated and optimized. A solution of 3% (w/v) potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 1 h digestion time at 60 degrees C were chosen in the base digestion step, to ensure complete solubilization of fish muscle and the decomposition of organotins was found to be insignificant. We found that the ratio of fish muscle/reaction solution should not exceed 0.2 g (dry weight) per 100 mL in order to avoid the matrix effect caused by the binding of hydrolyzed fish tissue with organotin ions. Ethylation of organotins were conducted at pH 6-7 with a 1% (w/v) sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt(4)) solution for 1 h. This simple and timesaving procedure should be able to be applied to the routine analysis of organotins in other bio-tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ho Tang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
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5
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Marcic C, Lespes G, Potin-Gautier M. Pressurised solvent extraction for organotin speciation in vegetable matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1574-83. [PMID: 16007440 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because organotin compounds (OTC) are widely used in many fields of activity, they have become an ubiquitous environmental presence. The presence of organotins in the environment impacts upon food safety, making it important to monitor the levels of organotin pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Nevertheless, only a few studies have been published on organotin speciation in plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and optimise a specific procedure based on pressurised solvent extraction (PSE) that is suitable for monitoring organotin content in vegetables. In ASE, solvents are used at elevated temperatures and pressures to increase the rate and efficiency of the extraction process. The results from this procedure were compared to those from the technique usually employed, solid/liquid extraction (SLE) performed in an acidic solvent by mechanical shaking. Three extracting solutions were tested-methanol, ethyl acetate and a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate-and the mixture was found to give the most quantitative results while preserving the speciation. French bean and lettuce leaves as well as potato tubers were used as the plant materials. These vegetables were considered because they are the vegetables consumed in the most quantities in Europe. The study focuses on trisubstituted OTCs, which are the most toxic tin species. The samples were spiked with four trisubstituted organotins: tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), tricyclohexyltin (TcHexT) and trioctyltin (TOcT). The influence of the pressure and the temperature of the PSE on the quantitativity of the process and on species preservation was evaluated using the experimental design methodology. The optimised PSE allowed detection limits down to 1-2 ng (Sn) g(-1) to be reached. These are higher than those obtained by SLE (0.1-1 ng (Sn) g(-1)). Although the repeatability is similar for both PSE and SLE (2-12% for triorganotin compounds), this appears to be highly time-dependent in the case of SLE. Comparison with SLE confirms that PSE is an interesting tool for vegetable analysis considering the satisfactory OTC preservation and repeatability obtained for a relatively short extraction duration (only 15 min against 2-12 h for SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marcic
- Group of Analytical Chemistry-LCABIE, UMR-CNRS 5034, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Av. de l'Université, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, France.
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6
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Campillo N, Aguinaga N, Viñas P, López-García I, Hernández-Córdoba M. Speciation of organotin compounds in waters and marine sediments using purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Shu YY, Tey SY, Wu DK. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particles using open-vessel focused microwave-assisted extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Huang JH, Ilgen G, Matzner E. Simultaneous extraction of organotin, organolead and organomercury species from soils and litter. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Monperrus M, Rodriguez Martin-Doimeadios RC, Scancar J, Amouroux D, Donard OFX. Simultaneous sample preparation and species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis of monomethylmercury and tributyltin in a certified oyster tissue. Anal Chem 2003; 75:4095-102. [PMID: 14632122 DOI: 10.1021/ac0263871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, accurate, sensitive, and simple method for simultaneous speciation analysis of mercury and tin in biological samples has been developed. Integrated simultaneous sample preparation for tin and mercury species includes open focused microwave extraction and derivatization via ethylation. Capillary gas chromatography-inductively plasma mass spectrometry (CGC-ICPMS) conditions and parameters affecting the analytical performance were carefully optimized both for species-specific isotope dilution analysis of MMHg and TBT and for conventional analysis of MBT and DBT201Hg-enriched monomethylmercury and 117Sn-enriched tributyltin were used for species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) analysis. As important, accurate isotope dilution analysis requires equilibration between the spike and the analyte to achieve successful analytical procedures. Since the spike stabilization and solubilization are the most critical and time-consuming steps in isotope dilution analysis, different spiking procedures were tested. Simultaneous microwave-assisted spike stabilization and solubilization can be achieved within less than 5 min. This study originally introduces a method for the simultaneous speciation and isotope dilution of mercury and tin in biological tissues. The sample throughput of the procedure was drastically reduced by fastening sample preparation and GC separation steps. The accuracy of the method was tested by both external calibration analysis and species-specific isotope dilution analysis using the first biological reference material certified for multielemental speciation (oyster tissue, CRM 710, IRMM). The results obtained demonstrate that isotope dilution analysis is a powerful method allowing the simultaneous speciation of TBT and MMHg with high precision and excellent accuracy. Analytical problems related to low recovery during sample preparation are thus minimized by SIDMS. In addition, a rapid procedure allows us to establish a performant routine method using CGC-ICPMS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5034, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France
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Aguerre S, Pécheyran C, Lespes G. Validation, using a chemometric approach, of gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (GC-ICP-AES) for organotin determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 376:226-35. [PMID: 12682706 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2002] [Revised: 03/04/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The coupling between gas chromatography (GC) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been optimised using experimental designs. Four factors were considered in order to assist the crucial part of the coupling which is the analytes passing through the transfer line. The methodological approach based on the planning of fractional designs is described and justified according to an optimal experimentation. Then, the GC-ICP-AES-based method has been validated by means of statistical tests performed on calibration curves and evaluation of accuracy, precision and limits of detection (LOD), according to ISO standards and IUPAC recommendations. The absolute LOD are found to be quite similar to those obtained using flame photometer. Relative LOD ranged between 20 and 80 ng (Sn) L(-1) after liquid-liquid extraction of the analytes. When solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) is used, LOD are sub 10 ng (Sn) L(-1). The repeatability is 3-10%, according to the extraction used. Analyses of reference sediment, fresh and waste waters confirm the suitability and capabilities of GC-ICP-AES for organotin determination in the environment. The statistical approach has been demonstrated to be a powerful methodological tool, enhancing the experimental part by providing reliable analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Aguerre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (L.C.A.B.I.E.), UMR 5034, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012 Pau Cedex, France
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11
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Millán E, Pawliszyn J. Determination of butyltin species in water and sediment by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 873:63-71. [PMID: 10757285 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for determination of tetraethyltin (TeET) and tetrabutyltin (TeBT) in water by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using the headspace approach has been developed. The method has been adapted for the simultaneous determination of mono-, di- and tributyltin species (MBT, DBT and TBT) after derivatization with sodium tetraethylborate in water and sediment samples. The analytical procedures were optimized with respect to stirring conditions, extraction time and extraction temperature. The pH and the amount of derivatizing reagent were also considered in derivatization reaction procedures. The analysis was carried out using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detection. The detection limits obtained for TeET and TeBT, in equilibrium conditions (room temperature for TeET and 40 degrees C for TeBT) were 28 and 20 ng/l (as Sn), respectively. The detection limit for butyltin species in water, which was limited by signals which are non-specific for the tin compounds and the sensitivity of the FID system, was found ca. 1 microg/l (as Sn). The SPME method was validated for analysis of sediments by analyzing the certified reference material PACS-2 finding a good agreement with the certified values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Millán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Chapter 14 Speciation analysis of biological, clinical and nutritional samples using plasma spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(00)80024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Szpunar J, Bouyssiere B, Lobinski R. Chapter 2 Sample preparation techniques for elemental speciation studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(00)80012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Clement
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Canada
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15
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Liu W, Lee HK. Chemical modification of analytes in speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 834:45-63. [PMID: 10189690 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of target analytes is widely used in modern analytical methods. This review focuses on the application of chemical modification techniques is the simultaneous analysis of metallic species by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Emphasis is placed on the procedures relating to analyses carried out by capillary electrophoresis. The development of this topic in the past five years is evaluated for liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The advantages, performance and application in real samples are compared for the three techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Speciation studies by atomic spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-5561(99)80003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Rodriguez Pereiro I, Wasik A, Lobiński R. Purge-and-trap isothermal multicapillary gas chromatographic sample introduction accessory for speciation of mercury by microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chem 1998; 70:4063-9. [PMID: 9784748 DOI: 10.1021/ac980361l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A compact device based on purge-and-trap multicapillary gas chromatography was developed for sensitive species-selective analysis of methylmercury and Hg2+ by atomic spectrometry. The operating mode includes in situ conversion of the analyte species to MeEtHg and HgEt2 and cryotrapping of the derivatives formed in a 0.53-mm-i.d. capillary, followed by their flash (< 30 s) isothermal low-temperature separation on a minimulticapillary (22 cm) column. The very low detection limits obtained (0.01 pg mL-1 of Hg for methylmercury) are due to the narrow injection band and reduced peak broadening in a bundle of 0.038-mm capillaries at high flow rates (> 60 mL min-1) compatible with an MIP AES detector (no dilution with a makeup gas is required). Developments regarding each of the steps of the analytical procedure and effects of operational variables (sample volume, purge flow, trap temperature, separation conditions) are discussed. The device allows speciation of MeHg+ and Hg2+ down to 5 pg g-1 in urine and, after a rapid microwave-assisted hydrolysis, down to 0.1 ng g-1 in solid biological samples with a throughput of 6 samples/h. The analytical protocols developed were validated by the analysis of DORM-1 (dogfish muscle), TORT-1 (lobster hepatopancreas), and Seronorm urine certified reference materials.
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18
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Leal C, Granados M, Compañó R, Prat MD. Liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection of triorganotin compounds in marine biological materials. J Chromatogr A 1998; 809:39-46. [PMID: 9677710 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several extraction methods have been evaluated for marine biological materials with regard to tributyltin and triphenyltin determination by liquid chromatography with post-column fluorimetric detection using fisetin as a fluorogenic reagent. Extraction with ethyl acetate in a hydrochloric acid medium has been shown to be the most appropriate extraction method and it has been successfully applied to fish (sea bass) reference material from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-11) and to a candidate reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leal
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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19
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Jackson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Shijun Lu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
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